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Kang JH, Kawano T, Murata M, Toita R. Vascular calcification and cellular signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2024; 336:122309. [PMID: 38042282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular calcification (VC) is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. VC is divided into three types according to its location: intimal, medial, and valvular. Various cellular signaling pathways are associated with VC, including the Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, Ras homologous GTPase, apoptosis, Notch, and cytokine signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the key cellular signaling pathways associated with VC and their role as potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors to these pathways represent good candidates for use as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Jia J, Zhang J, He Q, Wang M, Liu Q, Wang T, Chen X, Wang W, Xu H. Association between dietary vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification among the US adults. Nutr J 2023; 22:58. [PMID: 37964312 PMCID: PMC10647183 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, and vascular calcification has been highly correlated with CVD events. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been shown to predict subclinical CVD and incident CVD events. However, the relationship between vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC among the adult population in the US. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 provided the data for the cross-sectional study. 2297 subjects (1089 males) were included in the study. Two scoring systems, AAC 24-point scale (Kauppila) and AAC 8-point scale (Schousboe), were used for the measurement of AAC score. Dietary vitamin C intake was calculated as the average of two rounds of 24-h interview recall data and classified in tertiles for analysis. We applied weighted multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC score and the risk of having AAC. To ensure the robustness of the findings, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Additionally, smooth curve fittings, using generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to visualize potential nonlinear relationships. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis on the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was also conducted. RESULTS The results showed that higher dietary vitamin C intake was related to a reduction in AAC score (AAC-24: β = -0.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.565, -0.111, P = 0.004; AAC-8: β = -0.132, 95%CI -0.217, -0.047, P = 0.002), and lower risk of AAC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.807, 95%CI 0.659, 0.989, P = 0.038). However, the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was not identified. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that higher intake of dietary vitamin C rather than vitamin C supplements was related to reduced AAC score and lower risk of AAC, indicating that diets rich in vitamin C are recommended due to its potential benefits for protecting against vascular calcification and CVD among the adult population in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundi Jia
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao He
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Chen
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Jia J, Zhang J, Ma D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Wang T, Xu H. Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification among US Adults. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1027136. [PMID: 36742001 PMCID: PMC9889545 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1027136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the relationship of the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AAC score was measured using the scoring system of Kauppila (AAC-24) and Schousboe (AAC-8). HEI-2015, which was used for evaluating compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), was calculated through two rounds of 24-h recall interviews. HEI-2015 was categorized as inadequate (<50), average (50~70), and optimal (≥70) groups for analysis, while the AAC-24 score was grouped by whether the score was >0. Weighted multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association of HEI-2015 with AAC score and the presence of AAC. Moreover, smooth curve fittings, based on a generalized additive model (GAM), were applied to evaluate a possible non-linear relationship. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to provide more supporting information. Results A total of 2,704 participants were included in the study (mean age, 57.61 ± 11.40 years; 51.78% were women). The mean score of HEI-2015 was 56.09 ± 13.40 (41.33 ± 6.28, 59.44 ± 5.54, and 76.90 ± 5.37 for inadequate, average, and optimal groups, respectively). After adjusting for covariates, higher HEI-2015 was associated with decreased AAC score (AAC-24: β = -0.121, 95% CI: -0.214, -0.028, P = 0.010; AAC-8: β= -0.054, 95% CI: -0.088, -0.019, P = 0.003) and lower risk of AAC (OR = 0.921, 95% CI: 0.855, 0.993, P = 0.031). Among the components of HEI-2015, a higher intake of fruits, greens, and beans was associated with a lower AAC score. Subgroup analysis showed that an inverse association of HEI-2015 with AAC score existed among different groups. Conclusion The study presented that higher HEI-2015 was related to a lower AAC score and decreased risk of having AAC, indicating that greater compliance with 2015-2020 DGA, assessed by HEI-2015, might be beneficial for preventing vascular calcification and CVD among US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundi Jia
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hao Xu ✉
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Pan W, Jie W, Huang H. Vascular calcification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e200. [PMID: 36620697 PMCID: PMC9811665 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is recognized as a pathological vascular disorder associated with various diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, as well as chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is a life-threatening state for human health. There were several studies targeting mechanisms of VC that revealed the importance of vascular smooth muscle cells transdifferentiating, phosphorous and calcium milieu, as well as matrix vesicles on the progress of VC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of VC need to be elucidated. Though there is no acknowledged effective therapeutic strategy to reverse or cure VC clinically, recent evidence has proved that VC is not a passive irreversible comorbidity but an active process regulated by many factors. Some available approaches targeting the underlying molecular mechanism provide promising prospects for the therapy of VC. This review aims to summarize the novel findings on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions of VC, including the role of inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron homeostasis, metabolic imbalance, and some related signaling pathways on VC progression. We also conclude some recent studies on controversial interventions in the clinical practice of VC, such as calcium channel blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitions, statins, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamins, and ion conditioning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic DiseaseSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Hammad SK, Eissa RG, Shaheen MA, Younis NN. Resveratrol Ameliorates Aortic Calcification in Ovariectomized Rats via SIRT1 Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1057-1071. [PMID: 34563044 PMCID: PMC8928980 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of vascular calcification which is defined as the pathological deposition of minerals in the vasculature, and is strongly linked with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Since estrogen-replacement therapy is associated with increased cancer risk, there is a strong need for safer therapeutic approaches. In this study we aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of the phytoestrogen resveratrol against vascular calcification in ovariectomized rats, a preclinical model of postmenopause. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol to those of estrogen and to explore the mechanisms underpinning those effects. Treatment with resveratrol or estrogen ameliorated aortic calcification in ovariectomized rats, as shown by reduced calcium deposition in the arterial wall. Mechanistically, the effects of resveratrol and estrogen were mediated via the activation of SIRT1 signaling. SIRT1 protein expression was downregulated in the aortas of ovariectomized rats, and upregulated in rats treated with resveratrol or estrogen. Moreover, resveratrol and estrogen reduced the levels of the osteogenic markers: runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which have been shown to play a role during vascular calcification. Additionally, the senescence markers (p53, p16 and p21) which were also reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, were reduced upon treatment with resveratrol and estrogen. In conclusion, the phytoestrogen resveratrol may be a safer alternative to estrogen, as a therapeutic approach against the progression of vascular calcification during postmenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally K. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (R.G.E.); (N.N.Y.)
| | - Rana G. Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (R.G.E.); (N.N.Y.)
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nahla N. Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (R.G.E.); (N.N.Y.)
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Cai C, Wang J, Huo N, Wen L, Xue P, Huang Y. Msx2 plays an important role in BMP6-induced osteogenic differentiation of two mesenchymal cell lines: C3H10T1/2 and C2C12. Regen Ther 2020; 14:245-251. [PMID: 32455154 PMCID: PMC7232041 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been shown to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells (MCs) and to promote bone formation. BMP6 is known to play an important role in the process of MCs towards osteogenic differentiation by virtue of their osteoinductive and cell type specific proliferative activity. However, the molecular mechanism relate to BMP6 osteoinductive activity is still unclear and continues to warrant further investigation. Msx2 is a member of the homeobox gene family of transcription factors and promotes calcification. Hence, we wondered if it might also play a role in BMP6-induced osteogenesis. In this study, two mouse mesenchymal cell lines were treated with BMP6, adenovirus-Msx2 (Ad-Msx2) or adenovirus-siMsx2 (Ad-siMsx2). Based on the results of mRNA and protein expression, it was indicated that BMP6 could enhance the expression of Msx2 and activate the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8, p38 and ERK1/2. Being transfected by Ad-Msx2, the BMP6-induced activation of phosphorylation was significantly promoted. On the contrary, two cell lines transfected by Ad-siMsx2 presented an inhibited expression of three phosphorylated proteins even after being induced by BMP6. The evaluation of ALP, OPN, OC and calcium deposits revealed the osteogenic results those were corresponding to the results of mRNA and protein. Taken together, these findings can be a novel viewpoint for the understanding of the mechanisms of BMP6-induced osteogenesis and provide therapeutic targets of bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na Huo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100412, China
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7
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Pharmacological and Nutritional Modulation of Vascular Calcification. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010100. [PMID: 31905884 PMCID: PMC7019601 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and therefore, inhibition or regression of this processes is of clinical importance. The standard care regarding prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease at this moment mainly depends on drug therapy. In animal and preclinical studies, various forms of cardiovascular drug therapy seem to have a positive effect on vascular calcification. In particular, calcium channel blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system slowed down arterial calcification in experimental animals. In humans, the results of trials with these drugs are far less pronounced and often contradictory. There is limited evidence that the development of new atherosclerotic lesions may be retarded in patients with coronary artery disease, but existing lesions can hardly be influenced. Although statin therapy has a proven role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, it is associated with both regression and acceleration of the vascular calcification process. Recently, nutritional supplements have been recognized as a potential tool to reduce calcification. This is particularly true for vitamin K, which acts as an inhibitor of vascular calcification. In addition to vitamin K, other dietary supplements may also modulate vascular function. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological and nutritional possibilities to prevent the development and progression of vascular calcification.
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8
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Bartoli-Leonard F, Wilkinson FL, Schiro A, Inglott FS, Alexander MY, Weston R. Suppression of SIRT1 in Diabetic Conditions Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via RUNX2 Signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:878. [PMID: 30696833 PMCID: PMC6351547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with significant morbidity and mortality within diabetes, involving activation of osteogenic regulators and transcription factors. Recent evidence demonstrates the beneficial role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+ dependant deacetylase, in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, linking hyperglycaemia and SIRT1 downregulation. This study aimed to determine the role of SIRT1 in vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) calcification within the diabetic environment. An 80% reduction in SIRT1 levels was observed in patients with diabetes, both in serum and the arterial smooth muscle layer, whilst both RUNX2 and Osteocalcin levels were elevated. Human vSMCs exposed to hyperglycaemic conditions in vitro demonstrated enhanced calcification, which was positively associated with the induction of cellular senescence, verified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and cell cycle markers p16 and p21. Activation of SIRT1 by SRT1720 reduced Alizarin red staining by a third, via inhibition of the RUNX2 pathway and prevention of senescence. Conversely, inhibition of SIRT1 via Sirtinol and siRNA increased RUNX2 by over 50%. These findings demonstrate the key role that SIRT1 plays in preventing calcification in a diabetic environment, through the inhibition of RUNX2 and senescence pathways, suggesting a downregulation of SIRT1 may be responsible for perpetuating vascular calcification in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bartoli-Leonard
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - F L Wilkinson
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - A Schiro
- Vascular Unit, Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - F Serracino Inglott
- Vascular Unit, Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Y Alexander
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - R Weston
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Cazaña-Pérez V, Cidad P, Donate-Correa J, Martín-Núñez E, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT, Giraldez T, Navarro-González JF, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Phenotypic Modulation of Cultured Primary Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Uremic Serum. Front Physiol 2018; 9:89. [PMID: 29483881 PMCID: PMC5816230 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a markedly increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high concentration of circulating uremic toxins and alterations in mineral metabolism and hormone levels produce vascular wall remodeling and significant vascular damage. Medial calcification is an early vascular event in CKD patients and is associated to apoptosis or necrosis and trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to an osteogenic phenotype. VSMC obtained from bovine or rat aorta and cultured in the presence of increased inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been extensively used to study these processes. In this study we used human aortic VSMC primary cultures to compare the effects of increased Pi to treatment with serum obtained from uremic patients. Uremic serum induced calcification, trans-differentiation and phenotypic remodeling even with normal Pi levels. In spite of similar calcification kinetics, there were fundamental differences in osteochondrogenic marker expression and alkaline phosphatase induction between Pi and uremic serum-treated cells. Moreover, high Pi induced a dramatic decrease in cell viability, while uremic serum preserved it. In summary, our data suggests that primary cultures of human VSMC treated with serum from uremic patients provides a more informative model for the study of vascular calcification secondary to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Cazaña-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología), Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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10
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Kiuchi S, Hisatake S, Kabuki T, Oka T, Dobashi S, Fujii T, Ikeda T. Effect of Switching from Cilnidipine to Azelnidipine on Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Function in Patients with Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int Heart J 2018; 59:120-125. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kiuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shinji Hisatake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takayuki Kabuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shintaro Dobashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
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11
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Ju Y, Ge J, Ren X, Zhu X, Xue Z, Feng Y, Zhao S. Cav1.2 of L-type Calcium Channel Is a Key Factor for the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1048-55. [PMID: 25703215 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION L-type calcium channel (LTCC) is a unique and important factor in several cell lineages, whereas its role in the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is not well-known. In this study, we examined the function of LTCC α1C subunit (Cav1.2) and its distal C-terminus (DCT) during the in vitro differentiation of rat DPSCs (rDPSCs). METHODS After fluorescence-activated cell sorting, rDPSCs were differentiated toward dentin sialophosphoprotein-positive odontoblasts and neural cells expressing specific neuronal markers. The inhibition of rDPSC differentiation via LTCC blocker nimodipine and Cav1.2 knockdown through short hairpin RNA was evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Nimodipine treatment and Cav1.2 knockdown generated similar results. The number of positive calcium nodules and the protein and mRNA levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein were significantly reduced during odontogenic differentiation. The levels of microtubule-associated protein-2 and β-III-tubulin were reduced in neural differentiation. The expression of DCT decreased after odontogenic differentiation but significantly increased after neural differentiation (P < .05, n = 9). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that LTCC blocker nimodipine inhibits the odontogenic and neural differentiation of rDPSCs, and Cav1.2 is responsible for the activity of LTCC. The expression of DCT of Cav1.2 significantly changes during both odontogenic and neural differentiation. Thus, Cav1.2 of LTCC plays an essential role in differentiation of DPSCs, which might be mediated through the regulation of DCT levels in DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Ge
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Pikilidou MI, Yavropoulou MP, Scuteri A. Can antihypertensive medication interfere with the vicious cycle between hypertension and vascular calcification? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:61-71. [PMID: 24091855 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a phenomenon of disturbed calcium deposition, as part of the calcium that is supposed to be deposited to our bones, is lodged to our vessels. There are two forms of vascular calcification, each with a distinct anatomical distribution and clinical relevance, namely the intimal and medial calcification. Studies have demonstrated that hypertension may cause vascular calcification but also that both types of calcification, especially medial, promote arterial rigidity and hence hypertension. Implications of this two-way road are largely unknown as there is no consensus yet on their exact clinical value. However, several antihypertensive medications seem to be able to interfere with the cycle of high blood pressure and vascular calcium deposits. The present review summarizes the up-to-date data regarding the effect of antihypertensive medication on vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Pikilidou
- Hypertension Excellence Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece,
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Kan L, Kessler JA. Evaluation of the cellular origins of heterotopic ossification. Orthopedics 2014; 37:329-40. [PMID: 24810815 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140430-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), acquired or hereditary, is featured by the formation of bone outside of the normal skeleton. Typical acquired HO is a common, debilitating condition associated with traumatic events. Cardiovascular calcification, an atypical form of acquired HO, is prevalent and associated with high rates of cardiovascular mortality. Hereditary HO syndromes, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia, are rare, progressive, life-threatening disorders. The cellular origins of HO remain elusive. Some bona fide contributing cell populations have been found through genetic lineage tracing and other experiments in vivo, and various other candidate populations have been proposed. Nevertheless, because of the difficulties in establishing cellular phenotypes in vivo and other confounding factors, the true identities of these populations are still uncertain. This review critically evaluates the accumulating data in the field. The major focus is on the candidate populations that may give rise to osteochondrogenic lineage cells directly, not the populations that may contribute to HO indirectly. This issue is important not solely because of the clinical implications, but also because it highlights the basic biological processes that govern bone formation.
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Ceramide mediates Ox-LDL-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82379. [PMID: 24358176 PMCID: PMC3865066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and has been demonstrated as an actively regulated process resembling bone formation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) has been identified as a regulatory factor involved in calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Additionally, over-expression of recombinant human neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) has been shown to stimulate VSMC apoptosis, which plays an important role in the progression of vascular calcification. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ceramide regulates Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Ox-LDL increased the activity of N-SMase and the level of ceramide in cultured VSMCs. Calcification and the osteogenic transcription factor, Msx2 mRNA expression were reduced by N-SMase inhibitor, GW4869 in the presence of Ox-LDL. Usage of GW4869 inhibited Ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in VSMCs, an effect which was reversed by C2-ceramide. Additionally, C2-ceramide treatment accelerated VSMC calcification, with a concomitant increase in ALP activity. Furthermore, C2-ceramide treatment enhanced Ox-LDL-induced VSMC calcification. Addition of caspase inhibitor, ZVAD-fmk attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification. Both Ox-LDL and C2-ceramide treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs. These data suggest that Ox-LDL activates N-SMase-ceramide signaling pathway, and stimulates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to apoptosis in VSMCs, which initiates VSMC calcification.
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