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Hoshioka Y, Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Yajima D, Chiba F, Yamaguchi R, Inokuchi G, Motomura A, Tsuneya S, Iwase H. Sex estimation from skull measurements of a contemporary Japanese population using three-dimensional computed tomography images. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03319-8. [PMID: 39210043 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the sexual dimorphism of the contemporary Japanese skull and established sex discriminant function equations based on cranial measurements using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. The CT images of 263 corpses (142 males, 121 females) that underwent postmortem CT scanning and subsequent forensic autopsy were evaluated. Twenty-one cranial measurements were obtained from 3D CT reconstructed images, which extracted only bone data. We performed descriptive statistics and discriminant function analyses for the measurements. Nineteen measurements were significantly larger in males, suggesting sexual dimorphism of the Japanese skulls. Univariate discriminant function analyses using these measurements showed a sex classification accuracy of 57.8-88.2%, and bizygomatic breadth provided the highest correct prediction rate. Multivariate discriminant function analyses offered the most accurate model using seven variables with an estimation rate of 93.9%. Our results suggest that cranial measurements based on 3D CT images may help in the sex estimation of unidentified bodies in a contemporary Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hoshioka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rutsuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayumi Motomura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuneya
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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The effect of different socio-economic and working conditions on body size and proportions: A case study on adults from Samsun, Turkey. J Biosoc Sci 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36226660 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Conditions in the early stages of life shape body size and proportions. This study includes individuals who came from different socio-economic conditions and worked in physically demanding jobs in childhood. By determining the body sizes of these individuals and evaluating the proportional relationships between several groups, the goal was to understand the effect levels of socio-economic levels and working conditions on the body. For this purpose, an anthropometric study was conducted on 623 males and females between the ages of 20 and 45 living in Samsun, Turkey. The study sample consisted of four different groups. It was divided into two main groups of high and low socio-economic level, and the low socio-economic group was divided into two subgroups of heavy-worker and nonheavy-worker. The results demonstrated that socio-economic differences in the size and proportions of the individuals were statistically significant (p<0.05). The high socio-economic group had the highest values in all measures. External factors affected the lower limbs more than the upper limbs. The measurement most affected by these factors was leg length. Longer legs characterized the high socio-economic group, while longer arms characterized both low socio-economic groups. The relative differences observed can be said to derive from the distal limbs. This finding was valid for both sexes. The average values were close to each other in the low socio-economic group, for which the aim was to comprehend the effects of heavy working conditions. However, differences in proportional relationships were more significant. In this context, it was seen that heavy labour also affected growth, in addition to the well-known factors encountered during the growth period, such as nutrition, health, and illness. The observed changes were more significant in males than in females. Thus, it can be said that males were more affected by physiological and physical conditions.
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Anthropometric Analysis of the Growth Proportions of the Head and Face in Koreans. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:333-336. [PMID: 34292252 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study is to identify primarily the morphological characteristics in the growth proportion of the head and face for young Korean (8-24 years) and compare the magnitude of growth changes to the sex-related differences. Total 1255 were divided into 3 age groups: childhood (8-10 years), adolescence (14-16 years), and young adult (20-24 years). The anthropometric assessments were performed with 11 landmarks on the head and facial dimensions. The standardized frontal and lateral head and face photographs were analyzed the craniofacial growth proportions and morphological features for the comparison of both sexes. The noteworthy differences of anthropometric measurements between sexes with growing were noted on the lower head height (22.6%, 17.8%), midface height (22.0%, 19.6%), lower face height (23.5%, 14.7%), and face length (21.1%, 14.9%), face breadth (14.8%, 11.3%) of males and females, respectively. Whereas the upper head height (7.9%, 6.0%) and upper face height (4.2%, 0%, respectively) were less growing features. The most remarkable changes are the dimension of midface height and lower face height in both sexes. The present study could demonstrate a fundamental example to elucidate the sex-related dimensional differences for the analysis of the growth proportion of both sexes in Koreans.
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Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai N, Prasitwattanaseree S, Case DT, Mahakkanukrauh P. Craniometric estimation of ancestry in Thai and Japanese individuals. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1789219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natthamon Pureepatpong Kongkasuriyachai
- Forensic Osteology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - D. Troy Case
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Saini V. Secular trends in cranial chord variables: a study of changes in sexual dimorphism of the North Indian population during 1954–2011. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:519-526. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1677773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Saini
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kinoshita T, Nakayama T, Fukuma E, Inokuchi M, Ishiguro H, Ogo E, Kikuchi M, Jinno H, Yamazaki N, Toi M. Efficacy of Scalp Cooling in Preventing and Recovering From Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Patients: The HOPE Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:733. [PMID: 31448235 PMCID: PMC6691158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of scalp-cooling devices in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia in Japanese breast cancer patients and investigate whether a scalp-cooling device improves hair volume recovery over a 12 weeks period after completing chemotherapy. Methods: This multicenter controlled trial included women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Japan between February 2016 and March 2018. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with no alopecia at the end of chemotherapy. The secondary endpoint included hair volume at 12 weeks after completing chemotherapy. Results: A total of 48 patients were enrolled; of them, 34 and 14 were sequentially allocated to the scalp-cooling group using the Paxman Hair Loss Prevention System and the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in average age between the scalp-cooling and the control groups (50.0 ± 9.6 vs. 49.0 ± 9.0 years). More than 50% of patients in each group had stage II breast cancer (scalp-cooling group: 53.1%; control group: 64.3%), more than 90% received adjuvant chemotherapy (scalp-cooling group: 96.9%; control group: 92.9%), and more than 60% were treated with a docetaxel/cyclophosphamide regimen (scalp-cooling group: 75.0%; control group: 64.3%). There were more patients judged to have no alopecia at the end of chemotherapy in the scalp-cooling group than in the control group (26.7% [8/30] vs. 0% [0/13]; P = 0.011). The proportion of patients with alopecia who experienced an increase in hair volume of ≥50% within 12 weeks duration after chemotherapy was 85.7% (24/28) in the scalp-cooling group and 50.0% (6/12) in the control group. No patient developed serious adverse events related to the scalp-cooling device. Conclusions: The use of a scalp-cooling device prevented alopecia with acceptable safety for Japanese patients. In addition, scalp cooling resulted in faster recovery of hair volume after chemotherapy, even in patients for whom scalp cooling failed to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kinoshita
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakayama
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eisuke Fukuma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Center, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Department of Medical Oncology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Etsuyo Ogo
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mari Kikuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Jinno
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on cranial morphology of healthy individuals can be used as the guide in the treatment of cranial deformity. There are many reports analyzing the cranial morphology of healthy children in the past. But most of them focus on 2-dimensional values, and there are only a few reports, which analyzed the cranial morphology of Japanese healthy infants. We report a novel method that enables the comprehensive analysis of cranial morphology of Japanese healthy infants in 3D. METHODS Craniofacial CT data of 20 healthy infants (9 males, 11 females) ranging in age from 1 to 11 months were collected. Based on the CT data, we created 20 homologous models of cranium using software specifically designed to support homologous modeling. We averaged vertex coordinates of the homologous models to create average model. We further performed principal component analysis, and created virtual models based on each principal component. The contribution rate was calculated, and the features described by each principal component were interpreted. RESULTS We created the average cranial model of Japanese healthy infants. Seven principal components (cumulative contribution rate: 89.218%) were interpreted as to which part of the cranial shape each component was related to. The elements were extracted that may characterize the cranial morphology of some of the clinical conditions such as dolico/brachycephaly and deformational plagiocephaly. Some of these elements have not been mentioned in the past literature. CONCLUSION Homologous modeling was considered to be valid and strong tool for comprehensive analysis of cranial morphology.
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Pavlica TM, Rakić RS, Božić-Krstić VS, Srdić-Galić BĐ. Secular trend of head and face shape in adult population of Vojvodina (Serbia). Ann Hum Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1452981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana M. Pavlica
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rada S. Rakić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Verica S. Božić-Krstić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Danubio ME, Milia N, Coppa A, Rufo F, Sanna E. Geographical and temporal changes of anthropometric traits in historical Yemen. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 67:11-22. [PMID: 26456121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates secular changes of anthropometric variables among four geographic groups in historical Yemen, to evaluate possible regional differences in the evolution of living standards. Nineteen somatic and cephalic measures collected by Coon in 1939, and 8 anthropometric indices in 1244 Yemenite adult males were analyzed. The individuals were divided into 10-year age groups. Within-group variations were tested by One-way ANCOVA (age as covariate). ANCOVA (controlling for age), and Forward stepwise discriminant analysis were used to evaluate and represent regional differences. ANCOVA and discriminant analysis confirmed and enhanced previous findings. At the time, the Yemenite population presented high intergroup heterogeneity. The highest mean values of height at all ages were found in the "mountain" region, which is characterized by very fertile soils and where, nowadays, most of the cereals and pulses are grown and where most livestock is raised. Within-group variations were limited and generally inconsistent in all geographic regions and concern vertical dimensions, but mean values of height never differed. The prolonged internal isolation of these groups resulted in significant regional morphometric differentiation. The main evidence comes from height which suggests that socioeconomic factors have played a role. Nevertheless, the possible better living conditions experienced by the "mountain" group, with the highest mean values of stature in all periods, did not allow the secular trend to take place in that region, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enrica Danubio
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Nicola Milia
- Università di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Antropologia, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rufo
- Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sanna
- Università di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione di Antropologia, Monserrato 09042, Italy
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Significance of temporal changes on sexual dimorphism of cranial measurements of Indian population. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 242:300.e1-300.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Godde K. Secular trends in cranial morphological traits: a socioeconomic perspective of change and sexual dimorphism in North Americans 1849–1960. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:253-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.941399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Saini V, Srivastava R, Shamal SN, Singh TB, Kumar V, Kumar P, Tripathi SK. Temporal variations in basicranium dimorphism of North Indians. Int J Legal Med 2013; 128:699-707. [PMID: 24374986 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Saini
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India,
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Ogawa Y, Imaizumi K, Miyasaka S, Yoshino M. Discriminant functions for sex estimation of modern Japanese skulls. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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KUBO DAISUKE, KONO REIKOT, SUWA GEN. Endocranial proportions and postorbital morphology of the Minatogawa I and IV Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens crania from Okinawa Island, Japan. ANTHROPOL SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DAISUKE KUBO
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - REIKO T. KONO
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba
| | - GEN SUWA
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
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Abstract
The cephalic index is a method of assessing skull morphology in craniosynostosis. There are known racial differences; however, there are few reports on this index in Japan. In this study, we investigated the cephalic indices of Japanese children with normal brain development using axial slice computed tomography. Children presented to our institution because of head injuries but received no particular diagnosis. One hundred four children with normal brain development (62 males and 42 females) were divided into 7 age categories, namely, 4 categories for those younger than 1 year and 3 categories for those between 1 and 3 years. The cephalic index was calculated according to the following equation: (cephalic width/cephalic length) × 100. The cephalic indices by age groups were as follows: 86.7, 0 to 3 months (n = 21); 87.5, 4 to 6 months (n = 9); 89.2, 7 to 9 months (n = 16); 86.3, 10 to 12 months (n = 9); 85.9, 1 year (n = 25); 86.3, 2 years (n = 15); and 83.7, 3 years (n = 9). In this study, the cephalic indices of Japanese children with normal brain development tended to be more brachycephalic than those of white children, as reported by Haas and Waitzman. Thus, we formulated the classification of current cephalic indices of children with normal brain development in Japan.
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Developmental perspectives on neurocranial proportions in Japan. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010; 61:314-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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MIZOGUCHI YUJI. Ecological correlations between neurocranial and limb bone measurements: toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem. ANTHROPOL SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YUJI MIZOGUCHI
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
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Buretić-Tomljanović A, Ostojić S, Kapović M. Secular change of craniofacial measures in Croatian younger adults. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:668-75. [PMID: 16917883 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A secular change of body height and neurocranial variables was registered in the Croatian population during the last century. We investigated the continuity of this process, and introduced facial measurements into the study. The results cover a 13-year period, from the birth of the subjects in 1974-1986, with a gap in the period from 1977-1981. The subjects were first-year students of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine, aged 19-21 years. Secular changes were evaluated by analysis of variance and multivariate regression analysis. A statistically significant decrease was found in head breadth, and an increase in morphological face height values, in both sexes. A significant increase of head circumference was observed in female students. The height and length of the head in both sexes displayed a slight but insignificant increase, while face breadth revealed no notable change during the investigated period. The results allow an assumption of a trend of cranial vault and face shape remodeling in our younger adult population toward a narrower vault and more elongated face, consistent with ongoing dolichocephalization. The correlation analysis revealed a low to moderate relationship of vertical and longitudinal craniofacial measures and body height, while partial correlation analysis showed facial height changes in our sample to be independent of cranial breadth changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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