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R B, P S, Muthu M, Nirmal L, Patil SS. Prevalence of the Cusp of Carabelli – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 48:572-584. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2032339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavyaa R
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Sujitha P
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu-603203, India
| | - Murugan Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Latha Nirmal
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
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Koganebuchi K, Kimura R. Biomedical and genetic characteristics of the Ryukyuans: demographic history, diseases and physical and physiological traits. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:354-366. [PMID: 31116031 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1582699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Ryukyu Islands stretch across a southwestern area of the Japanese Archipelago. Because of their unique geographical and historical backgrounds, Ryukyuans have their own genetic and phenotypic characteristics, which have been disclosed in previous anthropological and biomedical studies. Objective: The history, peopling and biomedical and genetic characteristics of Ryukyuans are reviewed and future research directions are discussed. Conclusion: Morphological and genetic studies have suggested the complex demographic history of Ryukyuans and their relationships with other Asian populations. Knowledge of population formation processes is important to understand the distribution of pathogens. In viral infectious diseases, some strains that may be associated with disease symptoms are specific to Ryukyuans. Dramatic changes in diet have played an important role among Ryukyuans in terms of increases in lifestyle-related diseases and mortality risks. To achieve a better understanding of pathogenic disease factors, further integration of findings regarding the genetic and biomedical characteristics of the Ryukyuans is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Koganebuchi
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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3
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YAMAUCHI TADASHI, KIMURA RYOSUKE, KAWAGUCHI AKIRA, SATO TAKEHIRO, YAMAGUCHI KYOKO, TOMA TAKASHI, MIYAMOTO KIYOTO, FUKASE HITOSHI, YAMAGUCHI TETSUTARO, ISHIDA HAJIME. A comparative study of craniofacial measurements between Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese females using lateral cephalometric images. ANTHROPOL SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.151206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TADASHI YAMAUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - RYOSUKE KIMURA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - AKIRA KAWAGUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - TAKEHIRO SATO
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - KYOKO YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | | | | | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Division of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | | | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
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4
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Sato T, Nakagome S, Watanabe C, Yamaguchi K, Kawaguchi A, Koganebuchi K, Haneji K, Yamaguchi T, Hanihara T, Yamamoto K, Ishida H, Mano S, Kimura R, Oota H. Genome-Wide SNP Analysis Reveals Population Structure and Demographic History of the Ryukyu Islanders in the Southern Part of the Japanese Archipelago. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:2929-40. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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KUDAKA MASATOMI, FUKASE HITOSHI, KIMURA RYOSUKE, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, MATSUMURA HIROFUMI, SASO AIKO, FUKUMINE TADAHIKO, ISHIDA HAJIME. Metric characteristics of human limb bones in Asian and Japanese populations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MASATOMI KUDAKA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Division of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - RYOSUKE KIMURA
- Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | | | - AIKO SASO
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - TADAHIKO FUKUMINE
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
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6
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Effects of an Asian-specific nonsynonymous EDAR variant on multiple dental traits. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:508-14. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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KOGANEBUCHI KAE, KATSUMURA TAKAFUMI, NAKAGOME SHIGEKI, ISHIDA HAJIME, KAWAMURA SHOJI, OOTA HIROKI, THE ASIAN ARCHIVAL DNA REPOSITORY CONSORTIUM. Autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers reveal a close relationship between Hokkaido Ainu and Ryukyu islanders. ANTHROPOL SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KAE KOGANEBUCHI
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
| | - TAKAFUMI KATSUMURA
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
| | - SHIGEKI NAKAGOME
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - SHOJI KAWAMURA
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
| | - HIROKI OOTA
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
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KAIFU YOUSUKE, FUJITA MASAKI, KONO REIKOT, BABA HISAO. Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan: morphological affinities and implications for modern human dispersals in East Asia. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YOUSUKE KAIFU
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | | | - REIKO T. KONO
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
| | - HISAO BABA
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
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SAITOU NARUYA, KIMURA RYOSUKE, FUKASE HITOSHI, YOGI AKIRA, MURAYAMA SADAYUKI, ISHIDA HAJIME. Advanced CT images reveal nonmetric cranial variations in living humans. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NARUYA SAITOU
- Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima
| | - RYOSUKE KIMURA
- Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa
| | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa
| | - AKIRA YOGI
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa
| | - SADAYUKI MURAYAMA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa
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Matsukusa H, Oota H, Haneji K, Toma T, Kawamura S, Ishida H. A genetic analysis of the Sakishima islanders reveals no relationship with Taiwan aborigines but shared ancestry with Ainu and main-island Japanese. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:211-23. [PMID: 20091849 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Sakishima islands are members of the Ryukyu island chain, stretching from the southwestern tip of the Japanese archipelago to Taiwan in the East China Sea. Archaeological data indicate cultural similarities between inhabitants of prehistoric Sakishima and Neolithic Taiwan. Recent studies based on tooth crown traits show remarkably high inter-island diversity among Ryukyu islanders, suggesting that the Sakishima islanders might have genetic backgrounds distinct from main-island Okinawa people. To investigate the genetic diversity of the Ryukyu islanders, we analyzed mtDNA, Y chromosome, and autosomal short tandem repeat loci in a sample of main-island Okinawa people and Sakishima (Miyako and Ishigaki) islanders whose participated in a previous study of tooth crown morphology. Our phylogenetic analysis of maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y chromosome) lineages shows that the Sakishima islanders are more closely related to people from the Japanese archipelago than to Taiwan aborigines. Miyako islanders and the Hokkaido Ainu have the first and second highest frequencies (respectively) of the Y-chromosomal Alu-insertion polymorphism, which is a presumable Jomon marker. Genetic diversity statistics show no evidence of demographic reduction or of extreme isolation in each island's population. Thus, we conclude that 1) Neolithic expansion from Taiwan did not contribute to the gene pool of modern Sakishima islanders, 2) male-lineage of the Ryukyu islanders likely shares a common ancestor with the Hokkaido Ainu who are presumably direct descendants of the Jomon people, and 3) frequent reciprocal gene flow among islands has masked the trace of common ancestry in the Ryukyu island chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Matsukusa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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11
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Kimura R, Yamaguchi T, Takeda M, Kondo O, Toma T, Haneji K, Hanihara T, Matsukusa H, Kawamura S, Maki K, Osawa M, Ishida H, Oota H. A common variation in EDAR is a genetic determinant of shovel-shaped incisors. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:528-35. [PMID: 19804850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shovel shape of upper incisors is a common characteristic in Asian and Native American populations but is rare or absent in African and European populations. Like other common dental traits, genetic polymorphisms involved in the tooth shoveling have not yet been clarified. In ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), where dysfunctional mutations cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, there is a nonsynonymous-derived variant, 1540C (rs3827760), that has a geographic distribution similar to that of the tooth shoveling. This allele has been recently reported to be associated with Asian-specific hair thickness. We aimed to clarify whether EDAR 1540C is also associated with dental morphology. For this purpose, we measured crown diameters and tooth-shoveling grades and analyzed the correlations between the dental traits and EDAR genotypes in two Japanese populations, inhabitants around Tokyo and in Sakishima Islands. The number of EDAR 1540C alleles in an individual was strongly correlated with the tooth-shoveling grade (p = 7.7 x 10(-10)). The effect of the allele was additive and explained 18.9% of the total variance in the shoveling grade, which corresponds to about one-fourth of the heritability of the trait reported previously. For data reduction of individual-level metric data, we applied a principal-component analysis, which yielded PC1-4, corresponding to four patterns of tooth size; this result implies that multiple factors are involved in dental morphology. The 1540C allele also significantly affected PC1 (p = 4.9 x 10(-3)), which denotes overall tooth size, and PC2 (p = 2.6 x 10(-3)), which denotes the ratio of mesiodistal diameter to buccolingual diameter.
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12
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Abstract
The first inhabitants of Japan, the Jomon hunter-gatherers, had their culture significantly modified by that of the Yayoi farmers, who arrived at a later stage from mainland Asia. How this change took place is still debated, but it has been suggested that modern Japanese are the product of an admixture between these two populations. Here, we applied for the first time an admixture approach to study the Jomon-Yayoi transition, using Y-chromosomal data published earlier. Our results suggest that the Neolithic transition, in this part of the world, probably took place by a process of demic diffusion. We also show that for two populations that could not have contributed to this process, our approach is able to detect inconsistencies when they are used as parental populations. However, despite these promising results, we could not locate precisely the geographical origin of the Yayoi in mainland Asia, as different potential sources gave similarly good results. This suggests that more loci would be required for a better understanding of the peopling of Japan.
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Nagaoka T, Hirata K. Reliability of metric determination of sex based on long-bone circumferences: perspectives from Yuigahama-minami, Japan. Anat Sci Int 2009; 84:7-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-008-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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ISHIDA HAJIME, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, KONDO OSAMU, FUKUMINE TADAHIKO. Craniometric divergence history of the Japanese populations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | - OSAMU KONDO
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - TADAHIKO FUKUMINE
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
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KAWAKUBO YOSHINORI, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, SHIGEMATSU MASAHITO, DODO YUKIO. Interpretation of craniometric variation in northeastern Japan, the Tohoku region. ANTHROPOL SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YOSHINORI KAWAKUBO
- Department of Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Saga Medical School, Saga
| | - TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA
- Department of Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Saga Medical School, Saga
| | | | - YUKIO DODO
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa
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16
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KOMESU ATSUKO, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, AMANO TETSUYA, ONO HIROKO, YONEDA MINORU, DODO YUKIO, FUKUMINE TADAHIKO, ISHIDA HAJIME. Nonmetric cranial variation in human skeletal remains associated with Okhotsk culture. ANTHROPOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.070323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ATSUKO KOMESU
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | | | - HIROKO ONO
- Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University
| | - MINORU YONEDA
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa
| | - YUKIO DODO
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University
| | - TADAHIKO FUKUMINE
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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IREI KIWAMU, DOI NAOMI, FUKUMINE TADAHIKO, NISHIME AKIRA, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, YONEDA MINORU, ISHIDA HAJIME. Dental diseases of human skeletal remains from the early-modern period of Kumejima Island, Okinawa, Japan. ANTHROPOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KIWAMU IREI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - NAOMI DOI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - TADAHIKO FUKUMINE
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | | | - MINORU YONEDA
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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MANABE YOSHITAKA, KITAGAWA YOSHIKAZU, OYAMADA JOICHI, IGAWA KAZUNARI, KATO KATSUMOTO, KIKUCHI NAOHIRO, MARUO HIROMI, KOBAYASHI SHIGERU, ROKUTANDA ATSUSHI. Population history of the northern and central Nansei Islands (Ryukyu island arc) based on dental morphological variations: gene flow from North Kyushu to Nansei Islands. ANTHROPOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YOSHITAKA MANABE
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - YOSHIKAZU KITAGAWA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - JOICHI OYAMADA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - KAZUNARI IGAWA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - KATSUMOTO KATO
- Department of Physical Therapy, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Course of Health Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | | | - HIROMI MARUO
- Division of Anatomy, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu
| | | | - ATSUSHI ROKUTANDA
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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TOMA TAKASHI, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, SUNAKAWA HAJIME, HANEJI KUNIAKI, ISHIDA HAJIME. Metric dental diversity of Ryukyu Islanders: a comparative study among Ryukyu and other Asian populations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TAKASHI TOMA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | - HAJIME SUNAKAWA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - KUNIAKI HANEJI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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