1
|
Koganebuchi K, Sato K, Fujii K, Kumabe T, Haneji K, Toma T, Ishida H, Joh K, Soejima H, Mano S, Ogawa M, Oota H. An analysis of the demographic history of the risk allele R4810K in RNF213 of moyamoya disease. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 85:166-177. [PMID: 34013582 PMCID: PMC8453937 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) is a susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease (MMD). A previous case-control study and a family analysis demonstrated a strong association of the East Asian-specific variant, R4810K (rs112735431), with MMD. Our aim is to uncover evolutionary history of R4810K in East Asian populations. METHODS The RNF213 locus of 24 MMD patients in Japan were sequenced using targeted-capture sequencing. Based on the sequence data, we conducted population genetic analysis and estimated the age of R4810K using coalescent simulation. RESULTS The diversity of the RNF213 gene was higher in Africans than non-Africans, which can be explained by bottleneck effect of the out-of-Africa migration. Coalescent simulation showed that the risk variant was born in East Asia 14,500-5100 years ago and came to the Japanese archipelago afterward, probably in the period when the known migration based on archaeological evidences occurred. CONCLUSIONS Although clinical data show that the symptoms varies, all sequences harboring the risk allele are almost identical with a small number of exceptions, suggesting the MMD phenotypes are unaffected by the variants of this gene and rather would be more affected by environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kae Koganebuchi
- Department of Biological Structure, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Haneji
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Toma
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuhei Mano
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Biological Structure, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Department of Biological Structure, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gakuhari T, Nakagome S, Rasmussen S, Allentoft ME, Sato T, Korneliussen T, Chuinneagáin BN, Matsumae H, Koganebuchi K, Schmidt R, Mizushima S, Kondo O, Shigehara N, Yoneda M, Kimura R, Ishida H, Masuyama T, Yamada Y, Tajima A, Shibata H, Toyoda A, Tsurumoto T, Wakebe T, Shitara H, Hanihara T, Willerslev E, Sikora M, Oota H. Ancient Jomon genome sequence analysis sheds light on migration patterns of early East Asian populations. Commun Biol 2020; 3:437. [PMID: 32843717 PMCID: PMC7447786 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomically modern humans reached East Asia more than 40,000 years ago. However, key questions still remain unanswered with regard to the route(s) and the number of wave(s) in the dispersal into East Eurasia. Ancient genomes at the edge of the region may elucidate a more detailed picture of the peopling of East Eurasia. Here, we analyze the whole-genome sequence of a 2,500-year-old individual (IK002) from the main-island of Japan that is characterized with a typical Jomon culture. The phylogenetic analyses support multiple waves of migration, with IK002 forming a basal lineage to the East and Northeast Asian genomes examined, likely representing some of the earliest-wave migrants who went north from Southeast Asia to East Asia. Furthermore, IK002 shows strong genetic affinity with the indigenous Taiwan aborigines, which may support a coastal route of the Jomon-ancestry migration. This study highlights the power of ancient genomics to provide new insights into the complex history of human migration into East Eurasia. Takashi Gakuhari, Shigeki Nakagome et al. report the genomic analysis on a 2.5 kya individual from the ancient Jomon culture in present-day Japan. Phylogenetic analysis with comparison to other Eurasian sequences suggests early migration patterns in Asia and provides insight into the genetic affinities between peoples of the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Gakuhari
- Center for Cultural Resource Studies, College of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagome
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Thorfinn Korneliussen
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Schmidt
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Souichiro Mizushima
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Kondo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shigehara
- Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Tsurumoto
- Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Wakebe
- Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shitara
- Department of Archaeology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eske Willerslev
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,GeoGenetics Groups, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Martin Sikora
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dunn RR, Spiros MC, Kamnikar KR, Plemons AM, Hefner JT. Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wfs2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhian R. Dunn
- Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Micayla C. Spiros
- Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Kelly R. Kamnikar
- Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Amber M. Plemons
- Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Joseph T. Hefner
- Department of Anthropology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagaoka T, Ishida H, Tsurumoto T, Wakebe T, Saiki K, Hirata K. A health crisis during the Japanese Medieval Period: A new paleodemographic perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:145-156. [PMID: 30940508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the "Little Ice Age" (LIA) (in Japan, ˜1440 - 1730 CE) co-occurred with unique age-at-death patterns. MATERIALS 810 adult human skeletons from the early Medieval Period (EMP) of Japan, which are contemporaneous with the Medieval Warm Period (10th - mid 13th century AD), and the late Medieval Period (LMP) and Edo Period, which are contemporary with the LIA. METHODS Age at death and sex was determined for each skeleton and demographic profiles of the Yayoi Period (5th century BC - 3rd century AD), EMP, LMP, and Edo site samples were compared. Paleopathological data from previously published reports were evaluated. RESULTS The EMP had the highest mortality among young adults. Longevity increased in the samples (LMP and Edo) contemporaneous with the LIA. CONCLUSIONS EMP early age-at-death was the result of poor community health, violent death, and frequent large-scale natural catastrophes. The LMP and Edo Period samples have an older age-at-death pattern and higher frequency of stress markers, argued to be a consequence of a colder climate. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to synthesize paleodemographic and paleopathological data on a large scale to assess the possible effects of the Little Ice Age in Japan. LIMITATIONS Varying skeletal preservation and focus on adult skeletons reduces the ability to evaluate health throughout the life span. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Analysis of nonadult remains and multiple health indicators will likely shed more light on the effects of the Little Ice Age in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Nagaoka
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae Ward, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 203-0215, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tsurumoto
- Department of Macroscopic Morphology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Wakebe
- Department of Macroscopic Morphology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Saiki
- Department of Macroscopic Morphology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hirata
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae Ward, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adachi N, Kakuda T, Takahashi R, Kanzawa-Kiriyama H, Shinoda KI. Ethnic derivation of the Ainu inferred from ancient mitochondrial DNA data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:139-148. [PMID: 29023628 PMCID: PMC5765509 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The Ainu, the indigenous people living on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, have long been a focus of anthropological interest because of their cultural, linguistic, and physical identity. A major problem with genetic studies on the Ainu is that the previously published data stemmed almost exclusively from only 51 modern‐day individuals living in Biratori Town, central Hokkaido. To clarify the actual genetic characteristics of the Ainu, individuals who are less influenced by mainland Japanese, who started large‐scale immigration into Hokkaido about 150 years ago, should be examined. Moreover, the samples should be collected from all over Hokkaido. Materials and methods Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups of 94 Ainu individuals from the Edo era were successfully determined by analyzing haplogroup‐defining polymorphisms in the hypervariable and coding regions. Thereafter, their frequencies were compared to those of other populations. Results Our findings indicate that the Ainu still retain the matrilineage of the Hokkaido Jomon people. However, the Siberian influence on this population is far greater than previously recognized. Moreover, the influence of mainland Japanese is evident, especially in the southwestern part of Hokkaido that is adjacent to Honshu, the main island of Japan. Discussion Our results suggest that the Ainu were formed from the Hokkaido Jomon people, but subsequently underwent considerable admixture with adjacent populations. The present study strongly recommends revision of the widely accepted dual‐structure model for the population history of the Japanese, in which the Ainu are assumed to be the direct descendants of the Jomon people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kakuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryohei Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinoda
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seguchi N, Quintyn CB, Yonemoto S, Takamuku H. An assessment of postcranial indices, ratios, and body mass versus eco-geographical variables of prehistoric Jomon, Yayoi agriculturalists, and Kumejima Islanders of Japan. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28488767 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explore variations in body and limb proportions of the Jomon hunter-gatherers (14,000-2500 BP), the Yayoi agriculturalists (2500-1700 BP) of Japan, and the Kumejima Islanders of the Ryukyus (1600-1800 AD) with 11 geographically diverse skeletal postcranial samples from Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America using brachial-crural indices, femur head-breadth-to-femur length ratio, femur head-breadth-to-lower-limb-length ratio, and body mass as indicators of phenotypic climatic adaptation. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that variation in limb proportions seen in Jomon, Yayoi, and Kumejima is a complex interaction of genetic adaptation; development and allometric constraints; selection, gene flow and genetic drift with changing cultural factors (i.e., nutrition) and climate. METHODS The skeletal data (1127 individuals) were subjected to principle components analysis, Manly's permutation multiple regression tests, and Relethford-Blangero analysis. RESULTS The results of Manly's tests indicate that body proportions and body mass are significantly correlated with latitude, and minimum and maximum temperatures while limb proportions were not significantly correlated with these climatic variables. Principal components plots separated "climatic zones:" tropical, temperate, and arctic populations. The indigenous Jomon showed cold-adapted body proportions and warm-adapted limb proportions. Kumejima showed cold-adapted body proportions and limbs. The Yayoi adhered to the Allen-Bergmann expectation of cold-adapted body and limb proportions. Relethford-Blangero analysis showed that Kumejima experienced gene flow indicated by high observed variances while Jomon experienced genetic drift indicated by low observed variances. CONCLUSIONS The complex interaction of evolutionary forces and development/nutritional constraints are implicated in the mismatch of limb and body proportions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Seguchi
- Department of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Anthropology, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812
| | - Conrad B Quintyn
- Department of Anthropology, Bloomsburg University, Centennial Hall 154, 400 East Second Street, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, 17815
| | - Shiori Yonemoto
- The Kyushu University Museum, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takamuku
- Department of Anthropology, Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum, 891-8 Kandakami, Houhoku-cho, Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi, 759-6121, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dudzik B, Jantz RL. Misclassifications of Hispanics Using Fordisc 3.1: Comparing Cranial Morphology in Asian and Hispanic Populations. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1311-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Dudzik
- Department of Anthropology; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; 250 South Stadium Hall Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Richard L. Jantz
- Department of Anthropology; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; 250 South Stadium Hall Knoxville TN 37996
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miyamori D, Ishikawa N, Idota N, Kakiuchi Y, McLean S, Kitamura T, Ikegaya H. Tracing Jomon and Yayoi ancestries in Japan using ALDH2 and JC virus genotype distributions. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2016; 6:14. [PMID: 26719788 PMCID: PMC4696161 DOI: 10.1186/s13323-015-0031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the dual structure model, the modern Japanese ethnic population consists of a mixture of the Jomon people, who have existed in Japan since at least the New Stone Age, and the Yayoi people, who migrated to western Japan from China around the year 300 bc Some reports show that the Yayoi are linked to a mutation of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2). Recent viral studies indicate two major groups found in the Japanese population: a group with the CY genotype JC virus (JCV) and a group with the MY genotype JCV. It is unclear whether either genotype of the JC virus is related to the Jomon or Yayoi. In this study, we attempted to detect JCV genotypes and ALDH2 mutations from the DNA of 247 Japanese urine samples to clarify the relationship between the dual structure model and the JCV genotype through ALDH2 mutation analysis and JCV genotyping. FINDINGS The ALDH2 polymorphism among 66 JC virus-positive samples was analyzed, and it was found that the ALDH2 variant is significantly higher in the population with CY genotype JCV (51.5 %) than in the population with the MY genotype (24.2 %) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION From these findings, it may be inferred that the ALDH2 mutation, which is related to the Yayoi, is related to CY genotype JCV. When the Yayoi migrated to the Japanese archipelago, they brought the ALDH2 mutation as well as the CY genotype JCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Nozomi Idota
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kakiuchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | - Stuart McLean
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sato T, Nakagome S, Watanabe C, Yamaguchi K, Kawaguchi A, Koganebuchi K, Haneji K, Yamaguchi T, Hanihara T, Yamamoto K, Ishida H, Mano S, Kimura R, Oota H. Genome-Wide SNP Analysis Reveals Population Structure and Demographic History of the Ryukyu Islanders in the Southern Part of the Japanese Archipelago. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:2929-40. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Abstract
Languages evolve over space and time. Illuminating the evolutionary history of language is important because it provides a unique opportunity to shed light on the population history of the speakers. Spatial and temporal aspects of language evolution are particularly crucial for understanding demographic history, as they allow us to identify when and where the languages originated, as well as how they spread across the globe. Here we apply Bayesian phylogeographic methods to reconstruct spatiotemporal evolution of the Ainu language: an endangered language spoken by an indigenous group that once thrived in northern Japan. The conventional dual-structure model has long argued that modern Ainu are direct descendants of a single, Pleistocene human lineage from Southeast Asia, namely the Jomon people. In contrast, recent evidence from archaeological, anthropological and genetic evidence suggest that the Ainu are an outcome of significant genetic and cultural contributions from Siberian hunter-gatherers, the Okhotsk, who migrated into northern Hokkaido around 900-1600 years ago. Estimating from 19 Ainu language varieties preserved five decades ago, our analysis shows that they are descendants of a common ancestor who spread from northern Hokkaido around 1300 years ago. In addition to several lines of emerging evidence, our phylogeographic analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that recent expansion of the Okhotsk to northern Hokkaido had a profound impact on the origins of the Ainu people and their culture, and hence calls for a refinement to the dual-structure model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Lee
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
KUDAKA MASATOMI, FUKASE HITOSHI, KIMURA RYOSUKE, HANIHARA TSUNEHIKO, MATSUMURA HIROFUMI, SASO AIKO, FUKUMINE TADAHIKO, ISHIDA HAJIME. Metric characteristics of human limb bones in Asian and Japanese populations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MASATOMI KUDAKA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Division of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | - RYOSUKE KIMURA
- Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - TSUNEHIKO HANIHARA
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | | | - AIKO SASO
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - TADAHIKO FUKUMINE
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fukase H, Wakebe T, Tsurumoto T, Saiki K, Fujita M, Ishida H. Geographic variation in body form of prehistoric Jomon males in the Japanese archipelago: its ecogeographic implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:125-35. [PMID: 22791466 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diversity of human body size and shape is often biogeographically interpreted in association with climatic conditions. According to Bergmann's and Allen's rules, populations in regions with a cold climate are expected to display an overall larger body and smaller/shorter extremities than those in warm/hot environments. In the present study, the skeletal limb size and proportions of prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers, who extensively inhabited subarctic to subtropical areas in the ancient Japanese archipelago, were examined to evaluate whether or not the inter-regional differences follow such ecogeographic patterns. Results showed that the Jomon intralimb proportions including relative distal limb lengths did not differ significantly among five regions from northern Hokkaido to the southern Okinawa Islands. This suggests a limited co-variability of the intralimb proportions with climate, particularly within genealogically close populations. In contrast, femoral head breadth (associated with body mass) and skeletal limb lengths were found to be significantly and positively correlated with latitude, suggesting a north-south geographical cline in the body size. This gradient therefore comprehensively conforms to Bergmann's rule, and may stem from multiple potential factors such as phylogenetic constraints, microevolutionary adaptation to climatic/geographic conditions during the Jomon period, and nutritional and physiological response during ontogeny. Specifically, the remarkably small-bodied Jomon in the Okinawa Islands can also be explained as an adjustment to subtropical and insular environments. Thus, the findings obtained in this study indicate that Jomon people, while maintaining fundamental intralimb proportions, displayed body size variation in concert with ambient surroundings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Fukase
- Division of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
FUKASE HITOSHI, WAKEBE TETSUAKI, TSURUMOTO TOSHIYUKI, SAIKI KAZUNOBU, FUJITA MASAKI, ISHIDA HAJIME. Facial characteristics of the prehistoric and early-modern inhabitants of the Okinawa islands in comparison to the contemporary people of Honshu. ANTHROPOL SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HITOSHI FUKASE
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - TETSUAKI WAKEBE
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | - TOSHIYUKI TSURUMOTO
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | - KAZUNOBU SAIKI
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki
| | | | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adachi N, Shinoda KI, Umetsu K, Kitano T, Matsumura H, Fujiyama R, Sawada J, Tanaka M. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons: remnants of archaic maternal lineages at the southwestern edge of former Beringia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:346-60. [PMID: 21953438 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in the Paleolithic period. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed in detail, and we confidently assigned 54 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups N9b, D4h2, G1b, and M7a were observed in these individuals, with N9b being the predominant one. The fact that all these haplogroups, except M7a, were observed with relatively high frequencies in the southeastern Siberians, but were absent in southeastern Asian populations, implies that most of the Hokkaido Jomon people were direct descendants of Paleolithic Siberians. The coalescence time of N9b (ca. 22,000 years) was before or during the last glacial maximum, implying that the initial trigger for the Jomon migration in Hokkaido was increased glaciations during this period. Interestingly, Hokkaido Jomons lack specific haplogroups that are prevailing in present-day native Siberians, implying that diffusion of these haplogroups in Siberia might have been after the beginning of the Jomon era, about 15,000 years before present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Adachi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
SEGUCHI NORIKO, MCKEOWN ASHLEY, SCHMIDT RYAN, UMEDA HIDEYUKI, BRACE CLORING. An alternative view of the peopling of South America: Lagoa Santa in craniometric perspective. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.090921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NORIKO SEGUCHI
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula
| | - ASHLEY MCKEOWN
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula
| | - RYAN SCHMIDT
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula
| | - HIDEYUKI UMEDA
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
SCHMIDT RYANW, SEGUCHI NORIKO, THOMPSON JENNIFERL. Chinese immigrant population history in North America based on craniometric diversity. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - NORIKO SEGUCHI
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
SUWA GEN, FUKASE HITOSHI, KONO REIKOT, KUBO DAISUKE, FUJITA MASAKI. Mandibular tooth root size in modern Japanese, prehistoric Jomon, and Late Pleistocene Minatogawa human fossils. ANTHROPOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GEN SUWA
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara
| | - REIKO T. KONO
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
| | - DAISUKE KUBO
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
FUKUMOTO IKUYA, KONDO OSAMU. Three-dimensional craniofacial variation and occlusal wear severity among inhabitants of Hokkaido: comparisons of Okhotsk culture people and the Ainu. ANTHROPOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IKUYA FUKUMOTO
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - OSAMU KONDO
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
FUKASE HITOSHI, SUWA GEN. Influence of size and placement of developing teeth in determining anterior corpus height in prehistoric Jomon and modern Japanese mandibles. ANTHROPOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.090513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HITOSHI FUKASE
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - GEN SUWA
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|