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Le Maître A, Guy F, Merceron G, Kostopoulos DS. Morphology of the Bony Labyrinth Supports the Affinities of Paradolichopithecus with the Papionina. INT J PRIMATOL 2022; 44:209-236. [PMID: 36817734 PMCID: PMC9931825 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-022-00329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in recent decades indicate that the large papionin monkeys Paradolipopithecus and Procynocephalus are key members of the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene mammalian faunas of Eurasia. However, their taxonomical status, phylogenetic relationships, and ecological profile remain unclear. Here we investigate the two latter aspects through the study of the inner ear anatomy, as revealed by applying micro-CT scan imaging techniques on the cranium LGPUT DFN3-150 of Paradolichopithecus from the lower Pleistocene (2.3 Ma) fossil site Dafnero-3 in Northwestern Greece. Using geometric morphometric methods, we quantified shape variation and the allometric and phylogenetic signals in extant cercopithecines (n = 80), and explored the morphological affinities of the fossil specimen with extant taxa. LGPUT DFN3-150 has a large centroid size similar to that of baboons and their relatives. It shares several shape features with Macacina and Cercopithecini, which we interpret as probable retention of a primitive morphology. Overall, its inner ear morphology is more consistent with a stem Papionini more closely related to Papionina than Macacina, or to a basal crown Papionina. Our results, along with morphometrical and ecological features from previous studies, call into question the traditional hypothesis of a Paradolichopithecus-Macacina clade, and provide alternative perspectives in the study of Eurasian primate evolution during the late Neogene-Quaternary. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10764-022-00329-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Le Maître
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS INEE, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Guy
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS INEE, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gildas Merceron
- PALEVOPRIM - UMR 7262 CNRS INEE, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Dimitris S Kostopoulos
- Laboratory of Geology and Palaeontology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Nishimura T, Morimoto N, Ito T. Shape variation in the facial part of the cranium in macaques and African papionins using geometric morphometrics. Primates 2019; 60:401-419. [PMID: 31468228 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macaques are one of the most successful nonhuman primates, and morphological distinctions from their close relatives, African papionins, are easily detected by the naked eye. Nevertheless, evolutionary allometry often accounts for a large amount of the total variation and potentially hides and precludes the detection of morphological distinctions that exist between macaques and African papionins, thus distorting their phyletic comparison. Geometric morpgometric analyses were performed using landmark coordinates in cranial samples from macaques (N = 135) and African papionins (N = 152) to examine the variation in their facial shape. A common allometric trend was confirmed to represent a moderately long face in macaques as being small-to-moderate-bodied papionins. Macaques possessed many features that were distinct from those of African papionins, while they simultaneously showed a large intrageneric variation in every feature, which precluded the separation of some groups of macaques from African papionins. This study confirmed that a moderately smooth sagittal profile is present in non-Sulawesi macaques. It also confirmed that a well-developed anteorbital drop is distinct in Mandrillus and Theropithecus, but it showed that Papio resembles macaques regarding this feature. This finding showed that apparently equivalent features which can be detected by the naked eye were probably formed by different combinations of the principal patterns. It should be noted that the differences detected here between macaques and African papionins are revealed after appropriate adjustments are made to eliminate the allometric effects over the shape features. While landmark data sets still need to be customized for specific studies, the information provided by this article is expected to help such customization and to improve future phyletic evaluation of the fossil papionins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashiralkawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
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Kostopoulos DS, Guy F, Kynigopoulou Z, Koufos GD, Valentin X, Merceron G. A 2Ma old baboon-like monkey from Northern Greece and new evidence to support the Paradolichopithecus - Procynocephalus synonymy (Primates: Cercopithecidae). J Hum Evol 2018; 121:178-192. [PMID: 29779686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new fossil cranium of a large papionin monkey from the Lower Pleistocene site of Dafnero-3 in Western Macedonia, Greece, is described by means of outer and inner morphological and metric traits using high-resolution micro-computed tomography. Comparisons with modern cercopithecids and contemporaneous Eurasian fossil taxa suggest that the new cranium could equally be ascribed to either the Eurasian Paradolichopithecus or to the East Asian Procynocephalus. The combination of the available direct and indirect fossil evidence, including the new cranium from Dafnero, revives an earlier hypothesis that considers these two sparsely documented genera as synonyms. The timing and possible causes of the rise and demise of Paradolichopithecus - Procynocephalus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Guy
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS INEE & University of Poitiers, France
| | - Zoi Kynigopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George D Koufos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xavier Valentin
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS INEE & University of Poitiers, France
| | - Gildas Merceron
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, UMR 7262 CNRS INEE & University of Poitiers, France
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Ito T, Lee YJ, Nishimura TD, Tanaka M, Woo JY, Takai M. Phylogenetic relationship of a fossil macaque (Macaca cf. robusta) from the Korean Peninsula to extant species of macaques based on zygomaxillary morphology. J Hum Evol 2018; 119:1-13. [PMID: 29685750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the biogeographical and evolutionary histories of macaques (Macaca spp.) in East Asia because the phylogenetic positions of fossil species remain unclear. Here we examined the zygomaxillary remains of a fossil macaque (M. cf. robusta) from the Durubong Cave Complex, South Korea, that dates back to the late Middle to Late Pleistocene, to infer its phylogenetic relationship to extant species. We took 195 fixed- and semi-landmarks from the zygomaxillary regions of the fossil specimen and from 147 specimens belonging to 14 extant species. We then conducted a generalized Procrustes analysis followed by a multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the phenetic affinities of the fossil to the extant species and reconstructed the most parsimonious phylogenetic tree using a phylogenetic morphometric approach. We found that the fossil was most similar to Macaca fuscata (Japanese macaque) in the zygomaxillary morphospace although it was at the limit of the range of variation for this species. The second closest in the morphospace was the continental Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque). Parsimonious reconstruction confirmed that the fossil was most closely related to M. fuscata, even after controlling for the effects of allometry. These findings suggest that in the late Middle to Late Pleistocene, close relatives of M. fuscata that looked like the extant species were distributed on the Korean Peninsula, where no species of macaques are found today. Thus, some morphological characteristics of M. fuscata may have developed before its ancestor dispersed into the Japanese archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Yung-Jo Lee
- Institute of Korean Prehistory, 2559, Yongam-dong, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28763, South Korea
| | - Takeshi D Nishimura
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanaka
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Jong-Yoon Woo
- Institute of Korean Prehistory, 2559, Yongam-dong, Sangdang-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28763, South Korea
| | - Masanaru Takai
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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Ito T, Nishimura TD. Enigmatic Diversity of the Maxillary Sinus in Macaques and Its Possible Role as a Spatial Compromise in Craniofacial Modifications. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-016-9369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mori F, Hanida S, Kumahata K, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Suzuki J, Matsuzawa T, Nishimura TD. Minor contributions of the maxillary sinus to the air-conditioning performance in macaque monkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:2394-401. [PMID: 26034122 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nasal passages mainly adjust the temperature and humidity of inhaled air to reach the alveolar condition required in the lungs. By contrast to most other non-human primates, macaque monkeys are distributed widely among tropical, temperate and subarctic regions, and thus some species need to condition the inhaled air in cool and dry ambient atmospheric areas. The internal nasal anatomy is believed to have undergone adaptive modifications to improve the air-conditioning performance. Furthermore, the maxillary sinus (MS), an accessory hollow communicating with the nasal cavity, is found in macaques, whereas it is absent in most other extant Old World monkeys, including savanna monkeys. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics simulations to simulate the airflow and heat and water exchange over the mucosal surface in the nasal passage. Using the topology models of the nasal cavity with and without the MS, we demonstrated that the MS makes little contribution to the airflow pattern and the air-conditioning performance within the nasal cavity in macaques. Instead, the inhaled air is conditioned well in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity before reaching the MS in both macaques and savanna monkeys. These findings suggest that the evolutionary modifications and coetaneous variations in the nasal anatomy are rather independent of transitions and variations in the climate and atmospheric environment found in the habitats of macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Mori
- Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Sho Hanida
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kumahata
- RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Juri Suzuki
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Teruo Matsuzawa
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Takeshi D Nishimura
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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Ito T, Kawamoto Y, Hamada Y, Nishimura TD. Maxillary sinus variation in hybrid macaques: implications for the genetic basis of craniofacial pneumatization. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy; Graduate School of Medicine; University of the Ryukyus; Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi 484-8506 Japan
| | - Yuzuru Hamada
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi 484-8506 Japan
| | - Takeshi D. Nishimura
- Department of Evolution and Phylogeny; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University; Inuyama Aichi 484-8506 Japan
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