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Coksu I, Bozkurt Y, Akmayan I, Demirci H, Ozbek T, Acar S. Ketoconazole-loading strategy to improve antifungal activity and overcome cytotoxicity on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115702. [PMID: 38081071 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KTZ), an antifungal agent used to treat localized or systemic fungal infections by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, exhibits restricted efficacy within eukaryotic cells owing to its elevated toxicity and limited solubility in water. This study aims to improve the biological activity and overcome cytotoxic effects in the renal system of the hydrophobic KTZ by incorporating it into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing biomaterial nano-engineering techniques. KTZ-loaded PLGA NPs (KTZ-NPs) were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning light microscopy (SEM). Particle size and zeta potential of KTZ-NPs were determined as 182.0 ± 3.27 nm and -27.4 ± 0.56 mV, respectively. Antifungal activity was analyzed with the time-kill and top agar dilution methods onCandida albicans(C. albicans) andAspergillus flavus(A. flavus). Both KTZ and KTZ-NPs caused a significant decrease inA. flavuscell growth; however, the same effect was only observed in time-killing analysis onC. albicans, indicating a methodological difference in the antifungal analysis. According to the top agar method, the MIC value of KTZ-NPs againstA. flavuswas 9.1μg ml-1, while the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of KTZ was 18.2μg ml-1. The twofold increased antifungal activity indicates that nanoparticular drug delivery systems enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs. In addition, KTZ-NPs were not cytotoxic on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpCs) at fungistatic concentration, thus reducing fungal colonization without cytotoxic on renal excretion system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Coksu
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Bozkurt
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- National University of Ireland Galway, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ilkgul Akmayan
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tulin Ozbek
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Acar
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Joshi P, Kang SY, Acharya P, Sidhpura D, Lee MY. High-throughput assessment of metabolism-mediated neurotoxicity by combining 3D-cultured neural stem cells and liver cell spheroids. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105688. [PMID: 37660999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that biotransformation in the liver plays an important role in the augmented toxicity and detoxification of chemicals, relatively little efforts have been made to incorporate biotransformation into in vitro neurotoxicity testing. Conventional in vitro systems for neurotoxicity tests lack the capability of investigating the qualitative and quantitative differences between parent chemicals and their metabolites in the human body. Therefore, there is a need for an in vitro toxicity screening system that can incorporate hepatic biotransformation of chemicals and predict the susceptibility of their metabolites to induce neurotoxicity. To address this need, we adopted 3D cultures of metabolically competent HepaRG cell line with ReNcell VM and established a high-throughput, metabolism-mediated neurotoxicity testing system. Briefly, spheroids of HepaRG cells were generated in an ultralow attachment (ULA) 384-well plate while 3D-cultured ReNcell VM was established on a 384-pillar plate with sidewalls and slits (384PillarPlate). Metabolically sensitive test compounds were added in the ULA 384-well plate with HepaRG spheroids and coupled with 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on the 384PillarPlate, which allowed us to generate metabolites in situ by HepaRG cells and test them against neural stem cells. We envision that this approach could be potentially adopted in pharmaceutical and chemical industries when high-throughput screening (HTS) is necessary to assess neurotoxicity of compounds and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Joshi
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., 12200 Ford Road, Dallas, TX 75234, United States of America
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Darshita Sidhpura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., 12200 Ford Road, Dallas, TX 75234, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, United States of America.
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Su AL, Lash LH, Loch-Caruso R. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and aminooxyacetic acid differentially modulate toxicity of the trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in human placental villous trophoblast BeWo cells. Toxicology 2023; 495:153611. [PMID: 37544576 PMCID: PMC10874504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a known human carcinogen with toxicity attributed to its metabolism. S-(1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC) is a metabolite of TCE formed downstream in TCE glutathione (GSH) conjugation and is upstream of several toxic metabolites. Despite knowledge that DCVC stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in placental cells, the extent to which these outcomes are attributable to DCVC metabolism is unknown. The current study used N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) at 5 mM and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) at 1 mM as pharmacological modifiers of DCVC metabolism to investigate DCVC toxicity at concentrations of 5-50 µM in the human placental trophoblast BeWo cell model capable of forskolin-stimulated syncytialization. Exposures of unsyncytialized BeWo cells, BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, and syncytialized BeWo cells were studied. NAC pre/co-treatment with DCVC either failed to inhibit or exacerbated DCVC-induced H2O2 abundance, PRDX2 mRNA expression, and BCL2 mRNA expression. Although NAC increased mRNA expression of CYP3A4, which would be consistent with increased generation of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-DCVC sulfoxide (NAcDCVCS), a CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole did not significantly alter BeWo cell responses. Moreover, AOAA failed to inhibit cysteine conjugate β-lyase (CCBL), which bioactivates DCVC, and did not affect the percentage of nuclei condensed or fragmented, a measure of apoptosis, in all BeWo cell models. However, syncytialized cells had higher CCBL activity compared to unsyncytialized cells, suggesting that the former may be more sensitive to DCVC toxicity. Together, although neither NAC nor AOAA mitigated DCVC toxicity, differences in CCBL activity and potentially CYP3A4 expression dictated the differential toxicity derived from DCVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Su
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Lawrence H Lash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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Yang X, Li Q, He Y, Zhu Y, Yang R, Zhu X, Zheng X, Xiong W, Yang Y. Individualized medication based on pharmacogenomics and treatment progress in children with IgAV nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956397. [PMID: 35935867 PMCID: PMC9355498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) nephritis, also known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), is a condition in which small blood vessel inflammation and perivascular IgA deposition in the kidney caused by neutrophil activation, which more often leads to chronic kidney disease and accounts for 1%–2% of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment principles recommended by the current management guidelines include general drug treatment, support measures and prevention of sequelae, among which the therapeutic drugs include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and angiotensin system inhibitors. However, the concentration range of immunosuppressive therapy is narrow and the individualized difference is large, and the use of corticosteroids does not seem to improve the persistent nephropathy and prognosis of children with IgAV. Therefore, individualized maintenance treatment of the disease and stable renal prognosis are still difficult problems. Genetic information helps to predict drug response in advance. It has been proved that most gene polymorphisms of cytochrome oxidase P450 and drug transporter can affect drug efficacy and adverse reactions (ADR). Drug therapy based on genetics and pharmacogenomics is beneficial to providing safer and more effective treatment for children. Based on the pathogenesis of IgAV, this paper summarizes the current therapeutic drugs, explores potential therapeutic drugs, and focuses on the therapeutic significance of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in children with IgAV nephritis at the level of pharmacogenomics. In addition, the individualized application of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in children with different genotypes was analyzed, in order to provide a more comprehensive reference for the individualized treatment of IgAV nephritis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Rou Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiong, ; Yong Yang,
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xiong, ; Yong Yang,
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Jiang Y, Qin L, Lu A, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Gong Q, Gao J, Ma H, Tan D, He Y. CYP3A1 metabolism-based neurotoxicity of strychnine in rat. Toxicology 2022; 471:153156. [PMID: 35358606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Strychnine is one of the main bioactive and toxic constituents of Semen Strychni. In the present study, the neurotoxic effects of strychnine, and the role of individual differences in metabolism on susceptibility to neurotoxicity of strychnine were investigated. The acute toxicity was observed by a single dose of strychnine (2.92 mg/kg, i.g.) in rats, the epileptic stages of rats were scored according to Racine's scale. The neurotoxicity of strychnine was evaluated by the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and GSH in hippocampus, striatum, and cortex tissues measurements and histopathological analysis. The concentrations of strychnine in the plasma, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex tissues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The expressions of the cytochrome P450, which is the most critical protein family involved in drugs metabolism, were detected by proteomics. The mechanism of susceptibility to neurotoxicity of strychnine was elucidated by correlation analysis among above indicators. The results indicated that striatum and cortex were the main toxic targets of strychnine, and the CYP3A1 might be a susceptible biomarker to neurotoxicity of strychnine. These results provide valuable insights into the neurotoxic susceptibility of strychnine that will aid in the rational clinical use of strychnine (possibly including Semen Strychni).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Anjing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Li G, Zhao M, Zhao L. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 12 anti-tumor drugs in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114380. [PMID: 34607204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness and safety of anti-tumor drugs are clinically important issues, and their therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended. This study aimed to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous TDM and exploration of clinical pharmacokinetics of anti-tumor drugs, including cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, pemetrexed disodium, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, and irinotecan. After magnetic solid-phase extraction of plasma samples, the isotope internal standards and 12 anti-tumor drugs were separated using a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (50.0 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a total run time of 5.0 min. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was validated based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation, including assessment of specificity, calibration curves, carryover, accuracy, crosstalk, precision, stability, recovery, dilution integrity, incurred sample reanalysis, and matrix effect. The results showed that a simple, fast, reliable, and specific UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated, and all the performance characteristics of the method met the requirements. The response function was established for concentration range of 0.10-25.00 μg/mL for gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, pemetrexed disodium, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin, and 0.05-12.50 μg/mL for doxorubicin, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, and irinotecan, with a coefficient of correlation of>0.9984 for all the compounds. The precision and accuracy of all the analytes were<6.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Hence, it could be used for TDM and exploration of pharmacokinetics of the aforementioned 12 anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Chen L, Ji N, Zhang M, Chen W. The Influence of Wuzhi Capsule on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclophosphamide. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:195-203. [PMID: 34758719 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211110152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide is approved for the treatment of a variety of tumors, yet the use of cyclophosphamide is limited by kidney and liver toxicity. In the clinic, the Wuzhi capsule is approved to attenuate cyclophosphamide toxicity in the kidney and liver. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of the principal ingredients of Wuzhi capsule, schisandrin A (SIA) and schisantherin A (STA), on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide. METHODS The essential pharmacokinetic data and physicochemical parameters of SIA, STA, and cyclophosphamide were collected. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of SIA, STA, and cyclophosphamide were built in Simcyp Simulator and verified using published clinical pharmacokinetic data. The verified PBPK models were used to predict potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) between cyclophosphamide and SIA and STA in cancer patients. RESULTS The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclophosphamide was increased by 18% and 1% when co-administered with STA and SIA at a single dose, respectively, and increased by 301% and 29% when co-administered with STA and SIA at multiple doses, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of cyclophosphamide was increased by 75% and 7% when co-administered with STA and SIA at multiple doses, respectively. CONCLUSION The AUC and Cmax of cyclophosphamide were increased when cyclophosphamide was combined with the Wuzhi capsule, compared to cyclophosphamide alone. Our study shows that the adverse drug reactions and toxicity of cyclophosphamide should be closely monitored and an effective dosage adjustment of cyclophosphamide may need to be considered when co-administered with the Wuzhi capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing. China
| | - Ning Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY. United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing. China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing. China
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Tian JS, Zhao HL, Gao Y, Wang Q, Xiang H, Xu XP, Huang S, Yan DL, Qin XM. Branched-Chain Amino Acids Catabolism Pathway Regulation Plays a Critical Role in the Improvement of Leukopenia Induced by Cyclophosphamide in 4T1 Tumor-Bearing Mice Treated With Lvjiaobuxue Granule. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657047. [PMID: 34759816 PMCID: PMC8573099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclophosphamide is a common tumor chemotherapy drug used to treat various cancers. However, the resulting immunosuppression leads to leukopenia, which is a serious limiting factor in clinical application. Therefore, the introduction of immunomodulators as adjuvant therapy may help to reduce the hematological side effects of cyclophosphamide. Lvjiaobuxue granule has been widely used in the clinical treatment of gynecological diseases such as anemia and irregular menstruation. Recently, it has been found to increase the function of white blood cells, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. We aimed to reveal the mechanisms of Lvjiaobuxue granule against acute leukopenia by an integrated strategy combining metabolomics with network pharmacology. Methods: Subcutaneously inoculated 4T1 breast cancer cells to prepare tumor-bearing mice, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to establish a 4T1 tumor-bearing mice leukopenia animal model, using pharmacodynamic indicators, metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular biology and other technical methods. To comprehensively and systematically elucidate the effect and mechanism of Lvjiaobuxue granule in improving cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Results: Lvjiaobuxue granule can improve the blood routine parameters and organ index levels of the leukopenia model of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Metabolomics studies revealed that 15 endogenous metabolites in the spleen of mice were considered as potential biomarkers of Lvjiaobuxue granule for their protective effect. Metabonomics and network pharmacology integrated analysis indicated that Lvjiaobuxue granule exerted the leukocyte elevation activity by inhibiting the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) degradation pathway and increasing the levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine. The results of molecular biology also showed that Lvjiaobuxue granule can significantly regulate the key enzymes in the catabolism of BCAAs, which further illustrates the importance of BCAAs in improving leukopenia. Conclusion: Lvjiaobuxue granule exerts obvious pharmacological effects on the leukopenia model of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice induced by cyclophosphamide, which could be mediated by regulating the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway and the levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Jiuzhitang Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Hui-liang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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A new parameter in multiple myeloma: CYP3A4*1B single nucleotide polymorphism. Ann Hematol 2020; 100:421-427. [PMID: 33170343 PMCID: PMC7653211 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by malignant plasma cells, causing free light chain release accompanying the increase in monoclonal immunoglobulin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is one of the large and functional enzyme families composed of various hemoproteins. This protein network has been shown to play a role in many treatment steps in current practices. We aimed to investigate the relationship between genotypes of CYP3A4*1B and treatment response and prognosis of MM. Seventy-two patients diagnosed with MM between January 2016 and 2020 and 100 healthy people to create a control group participated in our study. Genotypes were classified in 3 separate groups as NN, MN, and MM. Both PFS and OS were significantly higher in the NN genotype (p = 0.001, p = 0.014). Being under the age of 65 was 27.988 times more protective for OS and 4.496 times for PFS (p = 0.006, p = 0.017). NN genotype was shown to be 41.666-fold protective for OS and 3.144-fold protective for PFS (p = 0.004, p = 0.030). This study demonstrated that CYP3A4*1B NN genotype, which is an important cytochrome p450 member for the treatment of MM, was 41.666-fold protective for OS and 3.144-fold protective for PFS. It was shown in this study for the first time in the literature as a valuable contribution.
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A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ziyuglycoside I and its application in a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in healthy and leukopenic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Cai T, Liao Y, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Qiu X. The Influence of Different Triazole Antifungal Agents on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclophosphamide. Ann Pharmacother 2020; 54:676-683. [PMID: 31893943 DOI: 10.1177/1060028019896894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most important chemotherapeutic drugs. Known as a widely accepted treatment strategy, chemotherapy may damage the immune function of cancer patients; as a result, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) occur. Triazole antifungal agents are the most acceptable drugs for IFI treatment, especially those infections caused by chemotherapy. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of different triazole antifungal drugs, including fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of cyclophosphamide. In addition, we also characterize the potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between cyclophosphamide and various triazole antifungal drugs. Methods: The necessary pharmacokinetic parameters and physicochemical data were obtained from published studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed and validated in virtual subjects using Simcyp software. The validated PBPK models were used to evaluate potential DDIs between cyclophosphamide and different triazole antifungal agents in cancer patients. Triazole antifungal agents were simulated by oral administration, whereas cyclophosphamide was simulated by intravenous administration. Results: Simulated plasma concentration-time curves of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and cyclophosphamide were in good consistency with the observed profiles. Our results suggested that the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclophosphamide were increased by various extents when coadministered with different triazole antifungals. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve of cyclophosphamide was increased when combined with fluconazole, itraconazole, or ketoconazole. Conclusions and Relevance: Ketoconazole had the greatest effect on the PK of cyclophosphamide among the 3 triazole antifungals. Our study provides clues that the toxicity and adverse drug reactions that are associated with cyclophosphamide should be closely monitored when coadministered with ketoconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cai
- Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Youming Liao
- Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchang Zhu
- Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xincai Qiu
- Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Clairet AL, Boiteux-Jurain M, Curtit E, Jeannin M, Gérard B, Nerich V, Limat S. Interaction between phytotherapy and oral anticancer agents: prospective study and literature review. Med Oncol 2019; 36:45. [PMID: 30993543 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is becoming more prevalent in elderly patient. Due to polypharmacy, older adults with cancer are predisposed to drug-drug interactions. There is also an increasing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Thirty to seventy percent of patients with cancer have used CAM. Through pharmaceutical counseling sessions, we can provide advices on herb-drug interactions (HDI). All the patients seen in pharmaceutical counseling sessions were prospectively included. Information was collected during these sessions: prescribed medication (oral anticancer agents (OAA) and other drugs), CAM (phytotherapy especially), and use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. If pharmacist considered an interaction or an intervention clinically relevant, the oncologist was notified. Then, a literature review was realized to identify the potential HDI (no interactions, precautions for use, contraindication). Among 201 pharmacist counseling sessions, it resulted in 104 interventions related to 46 HDI, 28 drug-drug interactions and 30 others (wrong dosage, omission…). To determine HDI, we review 73 medicinal plants which are used by our patients with cancer and 31 OAA. A total of 1829 recommendations were formulated about 59 (75%) medical plants and their interaction with an OAA. Herb-drug interactions should not be ignored by healthcare providers in their management of cancer patients in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Clairet
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Boiteux-Jurain
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Elsa Curtit
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Jeannin
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Blandine Gérard
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Nerich
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Samuel Limat
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
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Wang F, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Xie X, Ye X, Peng D, Chen W. Induction of Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Induced by PEGylated Liposomes In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:364-376. [PMID: 30674617 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.085340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is recognized as an attractive excipient to modify liposomes due to its extended-circulation properties. Nevertheless, intravenous injection of polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (PEG-L) usually triggers a rapid systemic clearance of the subsequent dose from blood circulation, which is referred to as an accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. Therefore, since the induction of cytochrome P450 (P450) activity may lead to enhanced drug clearance, it motivated us to investigate the possibility of P450 involvement in the ABC phenomenon. In this study, polyethylene glycol-coated liposomal docetaxel was prepared and used to evaluate the magnitude of the ABC phenomenon in rats induced by repeated injection of PEG-modified liposomes. Notably, the ABC phenomenon was observed when the time interval between two doses was from 1 to 7 days, and its magnitude reached the maximum level at 3 days before gradually decreasing the time. Meanwhile, increased activity of CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2 was detected when PEG-L was repeatedly injected in male rats at a 3-day interval. Consistently, the expression levels of hepatic CYP3A1, CYP2C6, and CYP1A2 were also significantly increased in the repeated injection groups and their levels were highest in the 3-day interval group. P450 selective inhibitors confirmed the inhibition of hepatic CYP3A1 was accompanied by an attenuated magnitude of the ABC phenomenon, which strongly suggests that P450s may be induced by repeated injection of PEG-L, thus favoring metabolic clearance of the second dose. Collectively, herein, for the first time we demonstrate that the contribution of P450s should not be ignored in the ABC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xi Ye
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., Y.W., H.W., X.X., X.Y., D.P., W.C.); Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China (F.W., X.Y.); and Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (J.Z.)
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Metabolic activity testing can underestimate acute drug cytotoxicity as revealed by HepG2 cell clones overexpressing cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4. Toxicology 2019; 412:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yu KN, Kang SY, Hong S, Lee MY. High-throughput metabolism-induced toxicity assays demonstrated on a 384-pillar plate. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2501-2516. [PMID: 29974144 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Transform Tox Testing Challenge in 2016 with the goal of developing practical methods that can be integrated into conventional high-throughput screening (HTS) assays to better predict the toxicity of parent compounds and their metabolites in vivo. In response to this need and to retrofit existing HTS assays for assessing metabolism-induced toxicity of compounds, we have developed a 384-pillar plate that is complementary to traditional 384-well plates and ideally suited for culturing human cells in three dimensions at a microscale. Briefly, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells in a mixture of alginate and Matrigel were printed on the 384-pillar plates using a microarray spotter, which were coupled with 384-well plates containing nine model compounds provided by the EPA, five representative Phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), and one no enzyme control. Viability and membrane integrity of HEK 293 cells were measured with the calcein AM and CellTiter-Glo® kit to determine the IC50 values of the nine parent compounds and DME-generated metabolites. The Z' factors and the coefficient of variation measured were above 0.6 and below 14%, respectively, indicating that the assays established on the 384-pillar plate are robust and reproducible. Out of nine compounds tested, six compounds showed augmented toxicity with DMEs and one compound showed detoxification with a Phase II DME. This result indicates that the 384-pillar plate platform can be used to measure metabolism-induced toxicity of compounds in high-throughput with individual DMEs. As xenobiotics metabolism is a complex process with a variety of DMEs involved, the predictivity of our approach could be further improved with mixtures of DMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 455 Fenn Hall (FH), 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2214, USA
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 455 Fenn Hall (FH), 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2214, USA
| | - Stephen Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 455 Fenn Hall (FH), 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2214, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 455 Fenn Hall (FH), 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2214, USA.
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