1
|
SASAKI H, YANG T, ZHANG M, LI R, MORI T, YI SQ. Microbiological assessment of Suncus murinus bred and managed as laboratory animals. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:92-95. [PMID: 38008441 PMCID: PMC10849853 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Suncus murinus is gaining prominence as a laboratory animal; however, there is no generally accepted method for microbiological monitoring. This study aimed to apply non-serological microbiological monitoring of laboratory mice for S. murinus and identify the subdominant species obtained by culture methods for microbial assessment. Culture and PCR were used to test S. murinus for the laboratory mice test panels including 10 bacterial species and orthohantaviruses, all of which were negative. The species that grew sub-dominantly in rectal feces were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, which is pathogenic to mammals. These results indicate that microbiological monitoring should be used to detect pathogens directly from S. murinus, not from sentinel animals, due to the host-specific microbial environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku SASAKI
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ting YANG
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingshou ZHANG
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rujia LI
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi MORI
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang-Qin YI
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jenckel M, Hall RN, Strive T. Pathogen profiling of Australian rabbits by metatranscriptomic sequencing. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2629-e2640. [PMID: 35687756 PMCID: PMC9796941 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Australia is known for its long history of using biocontrol agents, such as myxoma virus (MYXV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), to manage wild European rabbit populations. Interestingly, while undertaking RHDV surveillance of rabbits that were found dead, we observed that approximately 40% of samples were negative for RHDV. To investigate whether other infectious agents are responsible for killing rabbits in Australia, we subjected a subset of these RHDV-negative liver samples to metatranscriptomic sequencing. In addition, we investigated whether the host transcriptome data could provide additional differentiation between likely infectious versus non-infectious causes of death. We identified transcripts from several Clostridia species, Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas spp., and Eimeria stiedae, in liver samples of several rabbits that had died suddenly, all of which are known to infect rabbits and are capable of causing disease and mortality. In addition, we identified Hepatitis E virus and Cyniclomyces yeast in some samples, both of which are not usually associated with severe disease. In one-third of the sequenced total liver RNAs, no infectious agent could be identified. While metatranscriptomic sequencing cannot provide definitive evidence of causation, additional host transcriptome analysis provided further insights to distinguish between pathogenic microbes and commensals or environmental contaminants. Interestingly, three samples where no pathogen could be identified showed evidence of up-regulated host immune responses, while immune response pathways were not up-regulated when E. stiedae, Pseudomonas, or yeast were detected. In summary, although no new putative rabbit pathogens were identified, this study provides a robust workflow for future investigations into rabbit mortality events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn N. Hall
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralia,Centre for Invasive Species SolutionsUniversity of CanberraBruceAustralia
| | - Tanja Strive
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityCanberraAustralia,Centre for Invasive Species SolutionsUniversity of CanberraBruceAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kirtland A, Pusterla N, Bozorgmanesh R. Successful management of an outbreak of Tyzzer's disease on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in central Kentucky; use of sorbitol dehydrogenase to identify sub‐clinical cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Kirtland
- McGee Medicine Center Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California USA
| | - Rana Bozorgmanesh
- McGee Medicine Center Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tosa N, Ishida T, Yoshimatsu K, Hayashimoto N, Shiokawa K, Takakura A, Arikawa J. Simultaneous serodetection of major rat infectious pathogens by a multiplex immunochromatographic assay. Exp Anim 2020; 70:161-168. [PMID: 33177250 PMCID: PMC8150241 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and simple serologic tests that require only a small amount of blood without the euthanization of animals are valuable for microbial control in colonies
of laboratory animals. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to Sendai virus (also known as
hemagglutinating virus of Japan), hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus, which are causative agents of major infectious diseases in rats. For this assay, an
ICA strip was placed into a microtube containing 150 µl PBS and either 0.75 µl of rat serum or 1.5 µl of
whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using anti-rat IgG antibody-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, the multiplex ICA
simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. Positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used to evaluate the
sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex ICA. The sensitivities of the multiplex ICA for Sendai virus, hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus were 100%,
100%, and 81%, respectively. No nonspecific reactions were observed in any of the 52 positive sera against heterologous antigens. In addition, 10 samples of
uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA. Moreover, the multiplex
ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid and simple serological testing of laboratory
rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tosa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishida
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Experimentation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kanae Shiokawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tosa N, Ishida T, Yoshimatsu K, Hayashimoto N, Shiokawa K, Takakura A, Arikawa J. Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:790-795. [PMID: 31519225 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Serologic monitoring of infectious diseases is important for microbial control in colonies of laboratory mice. Rapid and simple tests that do not require killing animals are valuable for this purpose. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus (also known as hemagglutinating virus of Japan [HVJ]), and Clostridium piliforme (The pathogen that causes Tyzzer disease), which are major infectious diseases in mice. For this assay, an ICA strip was put into a microtube containing 150 μL PBS and either 0.75 μL mouse serum or 1.5 μL whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using protein A-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, multiplex ICA simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex ICA, positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used. Sensitivities of the multiplex ICA test for MHV, HVJ, and C. piliforme were 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. No nonspecific reaction was observed in any of the 30 positive sera. In addition, 10 samples of uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA test. Moreover, the multiplex ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid, simple, and safe serologic testing of laboratory mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tosa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishida
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;,
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanae Shiokawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schang C, Henry R, Kolotelo PA, Prosser T, Crosbie N, Grant T, Cottam D, O’Brien P, Coutts S, Deletic A, McCarthy DT. Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Microbial Hazards in Bathing Waters: A Comparative Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155848. [PMID: 27213772 PMCID: PMC4877094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational water quality is commonly monitored by means of culture based faecal indicator organism (FIOs) assays. However, these methods are costly and time-consuming; a serious disadvantage when combined with issues such as non-specificity and user bias. New culture and molecular methods have been developed to counter these drawbacks. This study compared industry-standard IDEXX methods (Colilert and Enterolert) with three alternative approaches: 1) TECTA™ system for E. coli and enterococci; 2) US EPA’s 1611 method (qPCR based enterococci enumeration); and 3) Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Water samples (233) were collected from riverine, estuarine and marine environments over the 2014–2015 summer period and analysed by the four methods. The results demonstrated that E. coli and coliform densities, inferred by the IDEXX system, correlated strongly with the TECTA™ system. The TECTA™ system had further advantages in faster turnaround times (~12 hrs from sample receipt to result compared to 24 hrs); no staff time required for interpretation and less user bias (results are automatically calculated, compared to subjective colorimetric decisions). The US EPA Method 1611 qPCR method also showed significant correlation with the IDEXX enterococci method; but had significant disadvantages such as highly technical analysis and higher operational costs (330% of IDEXX). The NGS method demonstrated statistically significant correlations between IDEXX and the proportions of sequences belonging to FIOs, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterococcaceae. While costs (3,000% of IDEXX) and analysis time (300% of IDEXX) were found to be significant drawbacks of NGS, rapid technological advances in this field will soon see it widely adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Schang
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebekah Henry
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A. Kolotelo
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Trish Grant
- Melbourne Water, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Cottam
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Mornington Peninsula Shire, Rosebud, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Coutts
- Micromon, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David T. McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neto RT, Uzal FA, Hodzic E, Persiani M, Jolissaint S, Alcaraz A, Carvallo FR. Coinfection with Clostridium piliforme and Felid herpesvirus 1 in a kitten. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:547-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715593600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1-month-old Domestic Shorthair kitten was submitted for autopsy, with a history of upper respiratory tract infection and diarrhea. This was the third kitten from the same litter that had died with similar clinical findings within a period of 1 month. Severe conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, and bronchointerstitial pneumonia were present, together with lymphohistiocytic colitis. Respiratory lesions were caused by infection with Felid herpesvirus 1. Colonic lesions were associated with the presence of long filamentous bacteria, identified as Clostridium piliforme, in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Our report describes a case of concurrent C. piliforme infection (Tyzzer’s disease) and feline rhinotracheitis in a kitten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T. Neto
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Emir Hodzic
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Michele Persiani
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Shazia Jolissaint
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Ana Alcaraz
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| | - Francisco R. Carvallo
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy College, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil (Neto)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal, Carvallo)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Hodzic)
- Electron Microscopy section, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA (Persiani)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA (Jolissaint, Alcaraz)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Barnes KH, Piripi SA, Löhr CV. Pathology in practice. Tyzzer's disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:765-7. [PMID: 23445285 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.6.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Barnes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mete A, Eigenheer A, Goodnight A, Woods L. Clostridium piliforme encephalitis in a weaver bird (Ploceus castaneiceps). J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:1240-2. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile Taveta golden weaver ( Ploceus castaneiceps) bird housed in a zoo aviary developed a sudden onset of neurological signs. The bird demonstrated head tilt, rolling onto its back, and inability to perch. Euthanasia was elected due to lack of response to intensive care, and a necropsy was performed. There were no significant abnormal findings on gross examination. On histopathology, the remarkable findings were localized to the brain and consisted of multifocal cerebral microabscesses and rarefaction. Filamentous rod-shaped bacteria were present within and at the periphery of the necrotic foci, and dispersed throughout the neuroparenchyma and intracellularly in neurons. The bacteria were Gram negative, and Warthin–Starry stain demonstrated characteristic “hay stacking.” Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the brain identified the agent as Clostridium piliforme. An additional microscopic finding was severe crypt enteritis; however, the bacteria were not observed in the intestinal sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Mete
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Mete, Eigenheer, Woods)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Oakland Zoo, Oakland, CA (Goodnight)
| | - Andrea Eigenheer
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Mete, Eigenheer, Woods)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Oakland Zoo, Oakland, CA (Goodnight)
| | - Andrea Goodnight
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Mete, Eigenheer, Woods)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Oakland Zoo, Oakland, CA (Goodnight)
| | - Leslie Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA (Mete, Eigenheer, Woods)
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Oakland Zoo, Oakland, CA (Goodnight)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Niepceron A, Licois D. Development of a high-sensitivity nested PCR assay for the detection of Clostridium piliforme in clinical samples. Vet J 2010; 185:222-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Ecological characterization of the colonic microbiota of normal and diarrheic dogs. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2009; 2008:149694. [PMID: 19282974 PMCID: PMC2648299 DOI: 10.1155/2008/149694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We used terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis to assess (1) stability of the fecal microbiota in dogs living in environments characterized by varying degrees of exposure to factors that might alter the microbiota and (2) changes in the microbiota associated with acute episodes of diarrhea. Results showed that the healthy canine GI tract harbors potential enteric pathogens. Dogs living in an environment providing minimal exposure to factors that might alter the microbiota had similar microbiotas; the microbiotas of dogs kept in more variable environments were more variable. Substantial changes in the microbiota occurred during diarrheic episodes, including increased levels of Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. When diet and medications of a dog having a previously stable microbiota were changed repeatedly, the microbiota also changed repeatedly. Temporal trend analysis showed directional changes in the microbiota after perturbation, a return to the starting condition, and then fluctuating changes over time.
Collapse
|
13
|
Borchers A, Magdesian KG, Halland S, Pusterla N, Wilson WD. Successful Treatment and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Confirmation of Tyzzer's Disease in a Foal and Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of 6 Additional Foals (1986-2005). J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Fushuku S, Fukuda K. Examination of the applicability of a commercial human rotavirus antigen detection kit for use in laboratory rabbits. Exp Anim 2006; 55:71-4. [PMID: 16508215 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.55.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The applicability of a commercial human rotavirus detection kit for the detection of lapine rotavirus in laboratory rabbits was examined. Rotavirus antigen positive samples determined by the kit were shown to include lapine rotavirus by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. The kit was confirmed to be adequate for the detection of lapine rotavirus by these results. The kit is suggested to be useful for the management of laboratory rabbits because of its ability to detect rotavirus antigen excretion which occurs in the early stage of the infection. It will contribute to minimizing the loss of rabbits in the event of an outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Fushuku
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|