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Vergara P, Ballard G, Besch-Williford C, Hayashimoto N, Pekow C, Perez A, Schmidt K, Shek W, Toft M, Yoshiki A. ICLAS LAQ Network for the Promotion of Animal Quality in Research. ILAR J 2022; 62:337-342. [PMID: 35325131 PMCID: PMC9803977 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ICLAS Laboratory Animal Quality Network (LAQN) programs currently consist of the Performance Evaluation Program (PEP), which focuses on microbial monitoring by and for laboratory animal diagnostic laboratories, and the Genetic Reference Monitoring Program (GENRef), which provides assay-ready reference DNA for genetic testing of mouse strains. Since 2008, PEP has grown to become a truly international program with participating laboratories in 5 continents. Launched in 2016, GENRef currently distributes DNA from 12 common inbred mouse strains for use in genetic monitoring of locally inbred colonies as well as for genetic testing of stocks, particularly genetically engineered stocks, of uncertain origins. GENRef has the capacity to include additional strains as well as additional species. PEP and GENRef provide the reagents at cost, as a resource to the international scientific community, in the interest of improving research quality in an environment of growing concern for research quality, rigor, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patri Vergara
- Corresponding Author: Patri Vergara, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Perez
- Humodigen, Burlingame, California, USA
| | - Katja Schmidt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Shek
- Charles River Laboratories (RADS), Wilmington, USA
| | - Martin Toft
- QM Diagnostics, Radboud University, Radboud, Netherlands
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Morita H, Yasuda M, Yamamoto M, Tomiyama Y, Uchida R, Ka Y, Ogura T, Kawai K, Suemizu H, Hayashimoto N. Pathogenesis of murine astrovirus in experimentally infected mice. Exp Anim 2021; 70:355-363. [PMID: 33828018 PMCID: PMC8390316 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are often associated with gastrointestinal diseases in mammals and birds. Murine astrovirus (MuAstV) is frequently detected in laboratory mice. Previous studies on MuAstV in mice did not report any symptoms or lesions. However, little information is available regarding its pathogenicity in immunodeficient mice. Therefore, in this study, we experimentally infected germ-free NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Sug/ShiJic (NOG) mice, which are severely immunodeficient, with MuAstV. Germ-free mice were used for experimental infection to eliminate the effects of intestinal bacteria. Mice in each group were then necropsied and subjected to PCR for MuAstV detection, MuAstV RNA quantification in each organ, and histopathological examination at 4 and 28 days post inoculation (DPI). Tissue samples from the small intestine were examined by transmission electron microscopy. No symptoms or abnormalities were detected in any mice during necropsy. The MuAstV concentration was highest in the lower small intestine, where it increased approximately 8-fold from 4 to 28 DPI. Transmission electron microscopy revealed circular virus particles of approximately 25 nm in diameter in the cytoplasm of the villous epithelial cells of the lower small intestine. Histopathological examination did not reveal any abnormalities, such as atrophy, in the intestinal villi. Our results suggest that MuAstV proliferates in the villous epithelial cells of the lower small intestine and has weak pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Morita
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yasuda
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yurina Tomiyama
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ritsuki Uchida
- JAC Inc., No. 44 Kouwa building, 1-2-7 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0043, Japan
| | - Yuyo Ka
- Animal Resource Technology Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ogura
- Animal Resource Technology Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Pathology Analysis Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Biomedical Research Laboratory, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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Tosa N, Ishida T, Yoshimatsu K, Hayashimoto N, Shiokawa K, Takakura A, Arikawa J. Simultaneous serodetection of major rat infectious pathogens by a multiplex immunochromatographic assay. Exp Anim 2020; 70:161-168. [PMID: 33177250 PMCID: PMC8150241 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and simple serologic tests that require only a small amount of blood without the euthanization of animals are valuable for microbial control in colonies
of laboratory animals. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to Sendai virus (also known as
hemagglutinating virus of Japan), hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus, which are causative agents of major infectious diseases in rats. For this assay, an
ICA strip was placed into a microtube containing 150 µl PBS and either 0.75 µl of rat serum or 1.5 µl of
whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using anti-rat IgG antibody-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, the multiplex ICA
simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. Positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used to evaluate the
sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex ICA. The sensitivities of the multiplex ICA for Sendai virus, hantavirus, and sialodacryoadenitis virus were 100%,
100%, and 81%, respectively. No nonspecific reactions were observed in any of the 52 positive sera against heterologous antigens. In addition, 10 samples of
uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA. Moreover, the multiplex
ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid and simple serological testing of laboratory
rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tosa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishida
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Experimentation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kanae Shiokawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Tosa N, Ishida T, Yoshimatsu K, Hayashimoto N, Shiokawa K, Takakura A, Arikawa J. Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Serologic Diagnosis of Major Infectious Diseases in Laboratory Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:790-795. [PMID: 31519225 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Serologic monitoring of infectious diseases is important for microbial control in colonies of laboratory mice. Rapid and simple tests that do not require killing animals are valuable for this purpose. In this study, we developed a multiplex immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for detection of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus (also known as hemagglutinating virus of Japan [HVJ]), and Clostridium piliforme (The pathogen that causes Tyzzer disease), which are major infectious diseases in mice. For this assay, an ICA strip was put into a microtube containing 150 μL PBS and either 0.75 μL mouse serum or 1.5 μL whole blood. Binding antibodies were visualized by using protein A-conjugated colloidal gold. Under these conditions, multiplex ICA simultaneously and specifically detected antibodies to multiple antigens. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex ICA, positive serum samples for each infectious disease were used. Sensitivities of the multiplex ICA test for MHV, HVJ, and C. piliforme were 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. No nonspecific reaction was observed in any of the 30 positive sera. In addition, 10 samples of uninfected sera did not show any bands except for the control line. These observations indicate high specificity of the multiplex ICA test. Moreover, the multiplex ICA could be applied to diluted blood. These results indicate that the multiplex ICA is appropriate for rapid, simple, and safe serologic testing of laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tosa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishida
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;,
| | - Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanae Shiokawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Mocho JP, Martin DJ, Millington ME, Saavedra Torres Y. Environmental Screening of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Zebrafish Systems. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286459 PMCID: PMC5755534 DOI: 10.3791/55306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health monitoring systems are developed and used in zebrafish research facilities because pathogens of Danio rerio such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium spp., and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa have the potential to impair animal welfare and research. The fish are typically analyzed post mortem to detect microbes. The use of sentinels is a suggested way to improve the sensitivity of the surveillance and to reduce the number of animals to sample. The setting of a pre-filtration sentinel tank out of a recirculating system is described. The technique is developed to prevent water pollution and to represent the fish population by a careful selection of age, gender, and strains. In order to use the minimum number of animals, techniques to screen the environment are also detailed. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on surface sump swabs is used to significantly improve the detection of some prevalent and pathogenic mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Mycobacterium chelonae. Another environmental method consists of processing the sludge at the bottom of a holding tank or sump to look for P. tomentosa eggs. This is a cheap and fast technique that can be applied in quarantine where a breeding device is submerged into the holding tank of imported animals. Finally, PCR is applied to the sludge sample and A. hydrophila is detected at the sump's bottom and surface. Generally, these environmental screening techniques applied to these specific pathogens have led to an increased sensitivity compared to the testing of pre-filtration sentinels.
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Hayashimoto N, Morita H, Ishida T, Uchida R, Tanaka M, Ozawa M, Yasuda M, Itoh T. Microbiological survey of mice (Mus musculus) purchased from commercial pet shops in Kanagawa and Tokyo, Japan. Exp Anim 2014; 64:155-60. [PMID: 25502736 PMCID: PMC4427730 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding the prevalence of infectious agents in mice in pet shops in Japan
is scarce. This information is particularly useful for minimizing the risk of potential
transmission of infections to laboratory mice. Therefore, we surveyed infectious agents in
mice from pet shops in Kanagawa and Tokyo, Japan. The survey was conducted in 28 mice from
5 pet shops to screen for 47 items (17 viruses, 22 bacteria and fungi, 10 parasites) using
culture tests, serology, PCR, and microscopy. The most common viral agent detected was
murine norovirus (17 mice; 60.7%), followed by Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus
(13 mice; 46.4%), and mouse hepatitis virus (12 mice; 42.8%). The most common agent
amongst the bacteria and fungi was Pasteurella pneumotropica (10 mice;
35.7%), followed by Helicobacter ganmani and Pneumocystis
murina (8 mice; 28.5%, for both). Tritrichomonas muris was the
most common parasite (19 mice; 67.8%), followed by Spironucleus muris (13
mice; 46.4%), Aspiculuris tetraptera, and Syphacia
obvelata (8 mice each; 28.5%). Remarkably, a zoonotic agent,
Hymenolepis nana, was found in 7 mice (25%). Given these results, we
suggest that the workers in laboratory animal facilities should recognize again the
potential risks of mice outside of the laboratory animal facilities as an infectious
source, and avoid keeping mice as pets or as feed for carnivorous reptiles as much as
possible for risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Hayashimoto
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
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7
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Asano A, Torigoe D, Sasaki N, Agui T. Development of an ELISA using a recombinant P46-like lipoprotein for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rodents. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:151-7. [PMID: 24065083 PMCID: PMC3982827 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pulmonis is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens
that infects laboratory mice and rats. To develop an M. pulmonis-specific
antigen for serological diagnosis, we cloned the cDNA of P46-like lipoprotein (P46L), an
M. pulmonis putative periplasmic protein. P46L is a homolog of P46, an
M. hyopneumoniae antigen. We produced recombinant P46L fused to
glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Escherichia coli. Immunoblot analysis
revealed that sera from Mycoplasma-infected mice and rats contained
anti-P46L antibodies. We developed an ELISA using the recombinant P46L-GST protein as an
antigen. Thirteen of the 14 samples from rats naturally infected with M.
pulmonis were determined to be positive according to the commercial ELISA
(MONILISA Myco) and positive by our ELISA. Furthermore, 18/19 samples from mice
experimentally infected with M. pulmonis were positive using our P46L-GST
ELISA. In contrast, only 8/19 samples from infected mice were positive by the commercial
ELISA. Our results indicate that P46L-GST was an appropriate antigen for developing a
serological test to determine M. pulmonis infection in laboratory mice
and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Ohsugi T, Matsuura K, Kawabe S, Nakamura N, Kumar JM, Wakamiya M, Morikawa S, Urano T. Natural infection of murine norovirus in conventional and specific pathogen-free laboratory mice. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:12. [PMID: 23386847 PMCID: PMC3558705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses cause most cases of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The lack of a cell culture infection model for human norovirus necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict norovirus inactivation. Murine norovirus (MNV) may be used to construct a small animal model for studying the biology and pathogenesis of noroviruses because MNV is the only norovirus that replicates in cell culture and a small animal model. However, recent studies have shown that natural MNV infection is widespread in laboratory mouse colonies. We investigated MNV infection in both conventional and specific pathogen-free (SPF) genetically modified mice from Japan and the US, and commercial mice from several animal breeders in Japan, using serological and molecular techniques. MNV antibodies were detected in 67.3% of conventional mice and 39.1% of SPF mice from Japan and 62.5% of conventional mice from the US. MNV antibodies were also found in 20% of commercial SPF C57BL/6 mice from one of three breeders. Partial gene amplification of fecal isolates from infected animals showed that the isolates were homologous to reported MNV sequences. These results suggest that both conventional and SPF laboratory mice, including commercial mice, are widely infected with MNV, which might require considerable attention as an animal model of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Ohsugi
- Division of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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HAYASHIMOTO N, MORITA H, ISHIDA T, YASUDA M, KAMEDA S, UCHIDA R, TANAKA M, OZAWA M, SATO A, TAKAKURA A, ITOH T, KAGIYAMA N. Current Microbiological Status of Laboratory Mice and Rats in Experimental Facilities in Japan. Exp Anim 2013; 62:41-8. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito HAYASHIMOTO
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hanako MORITA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomoko ISHIDA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masahiko YASUDA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Shuko KAMEDA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ritsuki UCHIDA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mai TANAKA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Midori OZAWA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Azusa SATO
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akira TAKAKURA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Toshio ITOH
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Naoko KAGIYAMA
- ICLAS Monitoring Center, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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AOKI H, KANEKO A, KAJITA A, YAMAGATA Y, IKE F, KASE H. An On-Site Serology Monitoring System Consisting of a Multiplex Microfluidic Chip Fabricated Using the Electrospray Deposition Method for Laboratory Mice. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.12we017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi AOKI
- Ultra High Precision Fabrication Team, Advanced Technology Support Division, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN
- Ultra High Precision Fabrication Team, Advanced Technology Support Division, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN
| | | | - Ayako KAJITA
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Center
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Center
| | - Yutaka YAMAGATA
- Ultra High Precision Fabrication Team, Advanced Technology Support Division, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN
- Ultra High Precision Fabrication Team, Advanced Technology Support Division, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN
| | - Fumio IKE
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Center
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Center
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Goldman CG, Mitchell HM, Havaspour A, Nooranipour M, Habibinejad AA. Helicobacter spp. other than Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2010; 15 Suppl 1:69-75. [PMID: 21054656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 12 months, new insights into the association of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters with a range of human diseases in children and adults, including hepatobiliary disease, Crohn's disease, sepsis, and gastric disease were published. Studies investigating the presence of non-H. pylori Helicobacters in domestic animals reinforce previous findings that cats and dogs harbor gastric Helicobacter species and thus may be an important source of these organisms in humans. The confounding effect of enterohepatic Helicobacters on the outcome of biomedical research was investigated in several studies and led to recommendations that animals should be screened prior to performing experiments. A number of important and novel investigations regarding pathogenic mechanisms and immune responses to enterohepatic Helicobacters were conducted. Genomic advances in non-H. pylori Helicobacters included description of the complete genome of Helicobacter canadensis, delineation of two Helicobacter bilis genomospecies, and identification of a novel cis-regulatory RNA. New insights concerning growth conditions, biochemical characterization, and the effect of certain dietary compounds on Helicobacter spp. have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia G Goldman
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Kitagawa Y, Tohya Y, Ike F, Kajita A, Park SJ, Ishii Y, Kyuwa S, Yoshikawa Y. Indirect ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay for detecting the antibody against murine norovirus S7 in mice. Exp Anim 2010; 59:47-55. [PMID: 20224169 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate murine norovirus (MNV) infection in laboratory mice, we attempted to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system and an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay for detecting the anti-MNV-S7 antibody in mice. MNV-S7, which was isolated in Japan, was used in both assays. The antigen for ELISA was prepared by ultracentrifugation of culture supernatants of RAW 264 cells infected with MNV-S7. Positive sera were obtained from 6-week-old, female C57BL/6JJcl mice inoculated orally with MNV-S7. IFA against infected RAW 264 cells was able to discriminate positive sera from negative sera. Indirect ELISA was performed using 96-well ELISA plates coated with formalin-treated MNV-S7 antigen. In this ELISA system, mouse sera obtained 2 weeks after infection or later showed significantly high OD values and were judged positive. An equal level of anti-MNV-S7 antibody response was observed in BALB/cAJcl, C57BL/6JJcl, DBA/2JJcl, and Jcl:ICR mice; whereas, C3H/HeJJcl mice demonstrated slightly lower antibody production 4 weeks after infection. We also used this ELISA system to evaluate 77 murine serum samples obtained from 15 conventional mouse rooms in research facilities in Japan and found that approximately half of the serum samples contained antibody to MNV-S7. We found that some serum samples were negative for antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis but positive for antibody to MNV-S7. The results suggest that the MNV infection is more prevalent than other infections such as mouse hepatitis virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis in conventional mouse colonies in Japan, as is the case in other areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Kitagawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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