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Khan AD, Singh MK, Lavhale PM, Yasir M, Singh L. Exploring the wound healing activity of phytosomal gel of Annona squamosa and Cinnamomum tamala leaves ethanolic extracts with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in S aureus infected excision wound model. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39067021 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2382540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a natural process but it is impaired in certain conditions like age, stress, health, immunity status and microbial infection. Particularly in cases of chronic wounds, infection is nearly often the main and unavoidable obstacle to wound healing. For this purpose, leaves of Annona squamosa and Cinnamomum tamala were selected based on their ethnopharmacological uses and reported pharmacological activities. The ethanolic extracts of both plant parts i.e. ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa (ASEE) and Cinnamomum tamala (CTEE) were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities individually as well as in 1:1 combination as Polyherbal Ethanolic extract (PHEE). In our previous work both these ethanolic extracts were combined and phytosomes were prepared by thin layer hydration method and optimized for vesicle size and entrapment efficiency. The phytosomes were then incorporated into Carbopol gel matrix. In this present study the selected phytosomal gel was tested in two different concentrations (2% and 5%) for in vivo wound healing activity using S. aureus infected excision wound model. The various parameters examined were percentage wound contraction, epithelization period, bacteriological quantification, biochemical parameters like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and hydroxyproline. The PHEE exhibited synergistic antioxidant activity. The PHEE also showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against bacteria namely gram-positive S. aureus, gram-negative E. Coli. The phytosomal gel showed increased wound contraction, reduced time of epithelization, increased hydroxyproline content, increased levels of SOD and Catalase enzymes and reduced bacterial load when compared with Povidone iodine ointment as standard in S. aureus infected excision wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Danish Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mukesh Kr Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Lubhan Singh
- Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
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Al-Said HM, Alghamdi A, Ashgar SS, Jalal NA, Faidah HS, Johargy AK, Momenah AM, Barhameen AA, Hariri SH, Bantun F, Althobiany E, Khidir EB. Isolation and Detection of Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens in Postoperative Wound Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 11:229-234. [PMID: 37533663 PMCID: PMC10393095 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_405_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Surgical site infections (SSIs), especially when caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, are a major healthcare concern worldwide. For optimal treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance, it is important for clinicians to be aware of local drug-resistant bacterial pathogens that cause SSIs. Objective To determine the frequency patterns of drug-resistant bacterial strains causing SSIs at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Microbiology laboratory of Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and included wound swab samples from all cases of SSI between January 01, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The swabs were processed for the identification of bacterial strains and their resistance pattern to antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results A total of 5409 wound swabs were analyzed, of which 3604 samples (66.6%) were from male. Most samples were from the Department of Surgery (43.3%). A total of 14 bacterial strains were isolated, of which 9 were Gram-negative bacteria. The most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). In terms of MDR in 2021, the highest rate of carbapenem-resistance was in A. baumannii (97%). MDR was as follows: A. baumannii, 97%; K. pneumoniae, 81%; E. coli, 71%; MRSA, 60%; P. aeruginosa, 33%; VRE, 22%; and VRSA, 2%. Conclusion This study showed that in the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, the rates of MDR bacteria are high, with the majority being Gram-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi M. Al-Said
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami S. Ashgar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani S. Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman K. Johargy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman M. Momenah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Barhameen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumyya H. Hariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Althobiany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshiekh B. Khidir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Paul-Traversaz M, Umehara K, Watanabe K, Rachidi W, Sève M, Souard F. Kampo herbal ointments for skin wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116260. [PMID: 36860294 PMCID: PMC9969195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of skin wound healing problems is a public health issue in which traditional herbal medicines could play a determining role. Kampo medicine, with three traditionally used ointments, provides interesting solutions for these dermatological issues. These ointments named Shiunkō, Chuōkō, and Shinsen taitsukō all have in common a lipophilic base of sesame oil and beeswax from which herbal crude drugs are extracted according to several possible manufacturing protocols. This review article brings together existing data on metabolites involved in the complex wound healing process. Among them are representatives of the botanical genera Angelica, Lithospermum, Curcuma, Phellodendron, Paeonia, Rheum, Rehmannia, Scrophularia, or Cinnamomum. Kampo provides numerous metabolites of interest, whose content in crude drugs is very sensitive to different biotic and abiotic factors and to the different extraction protocols used for these ointments. If Kampo medicine is known for its singular standardization, ointments are not well known, and research on these lipophilic formulas has not been developed due to the analytical difficulties encountered in biological and metabolomic analysis. Further research considering the complexities of these unique herbal ointments could contribute to a rationalization of Kampo's therapeutic uses for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Paul-Traversaz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC UMR 5525, EPSP, Grenoble, France,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kampo Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, Grenoble, France,*Correspondence: Manon Paul-Traversaz,
| | - Kaoru Umehara
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kampo Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan,Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Walid Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Sève
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC UMR 5525, EPSP, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Souard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France,Univ. libre de Bruxelles, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
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Al-Ghanayem AA, Alhussaini MS, Asad M, Joseph B. Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Excision Wound Infections in Rats: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Gene Expression Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144481. [PMID: 35889362 PMCID: PMC9316157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the wound healing activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on an infected excision wound model in rats. Infection was induced using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An investigation was also done to study the effect of Moringa extract on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene expression in vitro using human keratinocytes (HaCaT). The methanol extract of M. oleifera leaves was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals by LCMS. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was also determined. Wound contraction, days for epithelization, antioxidant enzyme activities, epidermal height, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition were studied. M. oleifera showed an antimicrobial effect and significantly improved wound contraction, reduced epithelization period, increased antioxidant enzymes activity, and reduced capillary density. Effect of the extract was less in wounds infected with P. aeruginosa when compared to MRSA. The VEGF and TGF-β1 gene expression was increased by M. oleifera.
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New Adapted In Vitro Technology to Evaluate Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Activity Using Live Imaging under Flow Conditions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101746. [PMID: 34679444 PMCID: PMC8535051 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial nature of biofilms and bacterial interactions inside chronic wounds are keys for the understanding of bacterial cooperation. The aim of this present study was to develop a technique to study and visualize biofilm in live imaging under flow conditions (Bioflux™ 200, Fluxion Biosciences). The BiofluxTM system was adapted using an in vitro chronic wound-like medium (CWM) that mimics the environment encountered in ulcers. Two reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (Newman) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) were injected in the BiofluxTM during 24 h to 72 h in mono and coculture (ratio 1:1, bacteria added simultaneously) in the CWM vs. a control medium (BHI). The quantification of biofilm formation at each time was evaluated by inverted microscopy. After 72 h, different antibiotics (ceftazidime, imipenem, linezolid, oxacillin and vancomycin) at 1x MIC, 10x MIC and 100x MIC were administrated to the system after an automatic increase of the flow that mimicked a debridement of the wound surface. Biofilm studies highlighted that the two species, alone or associated, constituted a faster and thicker biofilm in the CWM compared to the BHI medium. The effect of antibiotics on mature or “debrided” biofilm indicated that some of the most clinically used antibiotic such as vancomycin or imipenem were not able to disrupt and reduce the biofilm biomass. The use of a life cell imaging with an in vitro CWM represents a promising tool to study bacterial biofilm and investigate microbial cooperation in a chronic wound context.
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Versey Z, da Cruz Nizer WS, Russell E, Zigic S, DeZeeuw KG, Marek JE, Overhage J, Cassol E. Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648554. [PMID: 33897696 PMCID: PMC8062706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing can cause significant issues for immobile and ageing individuals as well as those living with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These delays increase a patient’s risk for infection and, in severe cases, can result in the formation of chronic, non-healing ulcers (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, surgical site infections, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers). Chronic wounds are very difficult and expensive to treat and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics that restore healing processes. Sustained innate immune activation and inflammation are common features observed across most chronic wound types. However, the factors driving this activation remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and structure of the wound microbiome may play a central role in driving this dysregulated activation but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on: 1) how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, 2) the role of bacteria and biofilms in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and 3) therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing. We will also discuss potential issues in studying the complexity of immune-biofilm interactions in chronic wounds and explore future areas of investigation for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Versey
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emily Russell
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Zigic
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina G DeZeeuw
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonah E Marek
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Böttle K, Vasilev K, Michl TD. Shelf-Life Optimisation of Plasma Polymerised (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOpp) Coatings; A New Possible Approach to Tackle Infections in Chronic Wounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:362. [PMID: 33805469 PMCID: PMC8067075 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds fail to heal and are accompanied by an ongoing infection. They cause suffering, shorten lifespans, and their prevalence is increasing. Unfortunately, the medical treatment of chronic wounds has remained unchanged for decades. A novel approach to break the biological vicious cycle is the long-lived radical (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO). TEMPO can be plasma polymerised (TEMPOpp) into thin coatings that have antimicrobial properties. However, due to its radical nature, quenching causes it to lose effectiveness over time. Our aim in this study was to extend the shelf-life of TEMPOpp coatings using various storage conditions: Namely, room temperature (RT), room temperature & vacuum sealed (RTV), freezer temperature & vacuum sealed (FTV). We have analysed the coatings' quality via the surface analytical methods of X-Ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); finding marked differences among the three storage conditions. Furthermore, we have compared the antimicrobial efficacy of the stored coatings against two major bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly found in chronic wounds. We did so both qualitatively via live/dead staining, as well as quantitatively via (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium (XTT) viability assay for up to 15 weeks in 5 weeks increments. Taken all together, we demonstrate that samples stored under FTV conditions retain the highest antimicrobial activity after 15 weeks and that this finding correlates with the retained concentration of nitroxides.
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Nahid MA, Griffin JM, Lustik MB, Hayes JJ, Fong KSK, Horseman TS, Menguito M, Snesrud EC, Barnhill JC, Washington MA. A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Bacterial Pathogens Colonizing Chronic Non-Healing Wound Sites at a United States Military Treatment Facility in the Pacific Region. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1-10. [PMID: 33442271 PMCID: PMC7797278 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s260708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The biology of chronic wounds is complex and many factors act concurrently to impede healing progress. In this study, the dynamics of microflora changes and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were evaluated longitudinally over 30 days using data from 28 patients with a total of 47 chronic lower extremity wounds. Materials and Methods In this study, colonized wound isolates were characterized using cultural, biochemical, and VITEK 2 methods. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the wound isolates were analyzed using various phenotypic assays. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance patterns and the presence of mutations were evaluated by a genotypic assay, whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be the most common strains at early time points, while members of Enterobacteriaceae were prevalent at later stages of infection. Antimicrobial resistance testing and whole-genome sequencing revealed that the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the identified wound pathogens remained relatively stable throughout the study period. It was also noted that Enterobacter and Klebsiella species may serve as reservoirs for quinolone resistance in the Pacific region. Conclusion Our observations showed that wounds were colonized with diverse bacteria and interestingly their numbers and/or types were changed over the course of infection. The rapid genetic changes that accompanied the first 4 weeks after presentation did not directly contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, standard wound care procedures did not appear to select for resistant bacterial strains. Future efforts should focus on defining those genetic changes associated with the wound colonizing microorganisms that occur beyond 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A Nahid
- Department of Dental and Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam, Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Griffin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96859, USA
| | - Michael B Lustik
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Jordan J Hayes
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Keith S K Fong
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Timothy S Horseman
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Massimo Menguito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Erik C Snesrud
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason C Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA.,Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael A Washington
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
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Besser M, Dietrich M, Weber L, Rembe JD, Stuermer EK. Efficacy of antiseptics in a novel 3-dimensional human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM). Sci Rep 2020; 10:4792. [PMID: 32179838 PMCID: PMC7075952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of non-healing wounds constitutes a pivotal socio-economic burden. 60-80% of chronic wounds are colonized by pathogenic microorganisms within a protective extracellular polymeric substance, bearing a great challenge in wound management. Human plasma was used to prepare the biofilm model (hpBIOM), adding pathogens to the plasma and forming Coagula-like discs with integrated pathogens were produced. The antiseptics Octenisept and Lavasorb were tested regarding their antibacterial properties on clinically relevant biofilm-growing bacteria (MRSA, P. aeruginosa) in the hpBIOM. Biofilm-typical glycocalyx-formation was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of a 12 h-maturated biofilm with Octenisept resulted in complete eradication of P. aeruginosa and MRSA after 48 h. Lavasorb proved less effective than Octenisept in this setting. In more mature biofilms (24 h), both antiseptics showed a delayed, partially decreased efficacy. Summarized, the hpBIOM provides essential factors for a translational research approach to be used for detailed human biofilm analyses and evaluation of antimicrobial/-biofilm properties of established and novel therapeutic strategies and products. Octenisept and Lavasorb showed an attenuated efficacy in the hpBIOM compared to planktonic conditions and previously published biofilm-studies, prompting the question for the necessity of introducing new international standards and pre-admission requirements on a translational base.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besser
- Institute for Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - M Dietrich
- Institute for Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - L Weber
- Institute for Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - J D Rembe
- Institute for Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - E K Stuermer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Translational Wound Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Phalak P, Henson MA. Metabolic modelling of chronic wound microbiota predicts mutualistic interactions that drive community composition. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1576-1593. [PMID: 31436369 PMCID: PMC6790277 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify putative mutualistic interactions driving community composition in polymicrobial chronic wound infections using metabolic modelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a 12 species metabolic model that covered 74% of 16S rDNA pyrosequencing reads of dominant genera from 2963 chronic wound patients. The community model was used to predict species abundances averaged across this large patient population. We found that substantially improved predictions were obtained when the model was constrained with genera prevalence data and predicted abundances were averaged over 5000 ensemble simulations with community participants randomly determined according to the experimentally determined prevalences. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were predicted to exhibit a strong mutualistic relationship that resulted in community growth rate and diversity simultaneously increasing, suggesting that these two common chronic wound pathogens establish dominance by cooperating with less harmful commensal species. In communities lacking one or both dominant pathogens, other mutualistic relationship including Staphylococcus/Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas/Serratia and Streptococcus/Enterococcus were predicted consistent with published experimental data. CONCLUSIONS Mutualistic interactions were predicted to be driven by crossfeeding of organic acids, alcohols and amino acids that could potentially be disrupted to slow chronic wound disease progression. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Approximately 2% of the US population suffers from nonhealing chronic wounds infected by a combination of commensal and pathogenic bacteria. These polymicrobial infections are often resilient to antibiotic treatment due to the nutrient-rich wound environment and species interactions that promote community stability and robustness. The simulation results from this study were used to identify putative mutualistic interactions between bacteria that could be targeted to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Phalak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003, USA
| | - Michael A. Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003, USA
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Besser M, Terberger J, Weber L, Ghebremedhin B, Naumova EA, Arnold WH, Stuermer EK. Impact of probiotics on pathogen survival in an innovative human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM). J Transl Med 2019; 17:243. [PMID: 31345229 PMCID: PMC6659307 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite of medical advances, the number of patients suffering on non-healing chronic wounds is still increasing. This fact is attended by physical and emotional distress and an economic load. The majority of chronic wounds are infected of harmful microbials in a protecting extracellular matrix. These biofilms inhibit wound healing. Biofilm-growing bacteria developed unique survival properties, which still challenge the appropriate wound therapy. The present in-vitro biofilm models are not suitable for translational research. By means of a novel in-vivo like human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM), this study systematically analysed the influence of 3 probiotics on the survival of five clinically relevant pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS Human plasma was used to produce the innovate biofilm. Pathogenic microorganisms were administered to the plasma. By stimulating the production of a fibrin scaffold, stable coagula-like discs with integrated pathogens were produced. The five clinically relevant pathogens P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium and C. albicans were challenged to the probiotics L. plantarum, B. lactis and S. cerevisiae. The probiotics were administered on top of the biofilm and the survival was quantified after 4 h and 24 h of incubation. For statistics, two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's HSD test was applied. P-value > 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS SEM micrographs depicted the pathogens on the surface of the fibrin scaffold, arranged in close proximity and produced the glycocalyx. The application of probiotics induced different growth-reducing capacities towards the pathogens. B. lactis and S. cerevisiae showed slight bacteria-reducing properties. The survival of C. albicans was not affected at all. The most antimicrobial activity was detected after the treatment with L. plantarum. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully reproduced a novel human biofilm model, which provides a human wound milieu and individual immune competence. The success of bacteriotherapy is dependent on the strain combination, the number of probiotics and the activity of the immune cells. The eradicating effect of L. plantarum on P. aeruginosa should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Besser
- Institute of Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Street 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - J. Terberger
- Institute of Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Street 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - L. Weber
- Institute of Translational Wound Research, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Street 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - B. Ghebremedhin
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E. A. Naumova
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - W. H. Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - E. K. Stuermer
- Institute for Health Care Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Efficacy and safety assessment of two enterococci phages in an in vitro biofilm wound model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6643. [PMID: 31040333 PMCID: PMC6491613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect thousands of people worldwide, causing pain and discomfort to patients and represent significant economical burdens to health care systems. The treatment of chronic wounds is very difficult and complex, particularly when wounds are colonized by bacterial biofilms which are highly tolerant to antibiotics. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are within the most frequent bacteria present in chronic wounds. Bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as an efficient and alternative against antibiotic-resistant infections, as those found in chronic wounds. We have isolated and characterized two novel enterococci phages, the siphovirus vB_EfaS-Zip (Zip) and the podovirus vB_EfaP-Max (Max) to be applied during wound treatment. Both phages demonstrated lytic behavior against E. faecalis and E. faecium. Genome analysis of both phages suggests the absence of genes associated with lysogeny. A phage cocktail containing both phages was tested against biofilms formed in wound simulated conditions at a multiplicity of infection of 1.0 and a 2.5 log CFU.mL−1 reduction in the bacterial load after at 3 h of treatment was observed. Phages were also tested in epithelial cells colonized by these bacterial species and a 3 log CFU.mL−1 reduction was observed using both phages. The high efficacy of these new isolated phages against multi-species biofilms, their stability at different temperatures and pH ranges, short latent periods and non-cytotoxicity to epithelial cells suggest their therapeutic use to control infectious biofilms present in chronic wounds.
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