1
|
Wolf S, Sriram K, Camassa LMA, Pathak D, Bing HL, Mohr B, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Samulin Erdem J. Systematic review of mechanistic evidence for TiO 2 nanoparticle-induced lung carcinogenicity. Nanotoxicology 2024:1-27. [PMID: 39101876 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2384408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Nano-sized titanium dioxide particles (TiO2 NPs) are a high-production volume nanomaterial widely used in the paints, cosmetics, food and photovoltaics industry. However, the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs in the lung are still unclear despite the vast number of in vitro and in vivo studies investigating TiO2 NPs. Here, we systematically reviewed the existing in vitro and in vivo mechanistic evidence of TiO2 NP lung carcinogenicity using the ten key characteristics of carcinogens for identifying and classifying carcinogens. A total of 346 studies qualified for the quality and reliability assessment, of which 206 were considered good quality. Using a weight-of-evidence approach, these studies provided mainly moderate to high confidence for the biological endpoints regarding genotoxicity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. A limited number of studies investigated other endpoints important to carcinogenesis, relating to proliferation and transformation, epigenetic alterations and receptor-mediated effects. In summary, TiO2 NPs might possess the ability to induce chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, but it was challenging to compare the findings in the studies due to the wide variety of TiO2 NPs differing in their physicochemical characteristics, formulation, exposure scenarios/test systems, and experimental protocols. Given the limited number of high-quality and high-reliability studies identified within this review, there is a lack of good enough mechanistic evidence for TiO2 NP lung carcinogenicity. Future toxicology/carcinogenicity research must consider including positive controls, endotoxin testing (where necessary), statistical power analysis, and relevant biological endpoints, to improve the study quality and provide reliable data for evaluating TiO2 NP-induced lung carcinogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wolf
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Dhruba Pathak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Helene L Bing
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Numano T, Morioka M, Higuchi H, Uda K, Sugiyama T, Hagiwara T, Doi Y, Imai N, Kawabe M, Mera Y, Tamano S. Effects of administering different vehicles via single intratracheal instillation on responses in the lung and pleural cavity of Crl:CD(SD) rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 33:11-19. [PMID: 32051660 PMCID: PMC7008201 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal instillation is the introduction of a substance directly into the trachea. Intratracheal instillation has been used to investigate the lung toxicity of several chemicals and requires the suspension or dissolution of test material in a vehicle for even dispersal throughout the lung. Importantly, the toxicities of vehicles used in intratracheal instillation studies are generally considered to be insignificant. Hence, evaluating the influence of different vehicles on the lung due to intratracheal instillation is crucial. We examined the toxic effects of pure water, saline, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.5% Kolliphor® P188 (KP188), 0.1% Tween 20 in saline, and 1.0% BSA in PBS. These vehicles were administered to male Crl:CD(SD) rats by a single intratracheal instillation. On day 3, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the right lung was collected and processed for cell counting and biochemical analysis, while the left lung was used for histopathological examination. Accumulation of alveolar macrophages was observed in all vehicle-treated groups but was minimal in the group administered saline, somewhat higher in the groups administered pure water, PBS, 0.1% Tween 20, and 1% BSA, and notably higher in the group administered 0.5% KP188. The results from BALF analysis indicated that intratracheal instillation of 0.5% KP188 also induced alveolar damage. Additionally, administering pure water did not appear to cause tissue damage. Eosinophil infiltration in the interstitial regions was histopathologically observed. Altogether, the results of this study are helpful for the selection of appropriate vehicles for use in intratracheal instillation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Numano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Mai Morioka
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Hitomi Higuchi
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Kazunari Uda
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugiyama
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hagiwara
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Yuko Doi
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Norio Imai
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kawabe
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Yukinori Mera
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Seiko Tamano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okada T, Lee BW, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Myojo T. Inhalation of titanium dioxide (P25) nanoparticles to rats and changes in surfactant protein (SP-D) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1396-1408. [PMID: 31512956 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1661042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are typical and widely used nanomaterials, and there are many studies on the inflammatory responses induced by their inhalation. In this study, we conducted a 4-week inhalation exposure study of aerosolized TiO2> nanoparticles (P25) to male Wistar rats. The mean aerosol concentration measured at each day was 4.1 mg/m3 by dry powder dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles. Control and exposure groups of rats were killed at 3 and 30 days after the termination of exposure, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were collected for analysis of total cell count, neutrophil count, and surfactant protein (SP-D) in BALF and SP-D in serum, as well as other serum biomarkers. SP-D is a component of lung surfactants produced in type II alveolar epithelial cells and Clara cells and secreted into the alveolar space and blood. The neutrophil count in the BALF was significantly elevated at 3 and 30 days. The levels of SP-D in the BALF were also elevated at 3 and 30 days, while the serum SP-D levels were elevated at 3 days only. We determined the amounts of TiO2 in the rat lungs in the exposure group at 3, 30, and 73 days to analyze the lung deposition fraction (10.2%) and the biological half-life time (72.4 days) of inhaled TiO2 nanoparticles. Histopathological analysis revealed mild pulmonary inflammation in lung tissue at 3 days. Serum SP-D was found to be a potential biomarker for exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takami Okada
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Byeong Woo Lee
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossi S, Savi M, Mazzola M, Pinelli S, Alinovi R, Gennaccaro L, Pagliaro A, Meraviglia V, Galetti M, Lozano-Garcia O, Rossini A, Frati C, Falco A, Quaini F, Bocchi L, Stilli D, Lucas S, Goldoni M, Macchi E, Mutti A, Miragoli M. Subchronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles modifies cardiac structure and performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:25. [PMID: 31234877 PMCID: PMC6591966 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases, intended as the results of a combination of inherited, environmental and biological factors, kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to roughly 70% of all premature deaths globally. The possibility that manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) may affect cardiac performance, has led to recognize NPs-exposure not only as a major Public Health concern, but also as an occupational hazard. In volunteers, NPs-exposure is problematic to quantify. We recently found that inhaled titanium dioxide NPs, one of the most produced engineered nanomaterials, acutely increased cardiac excitability and promoted arrhythmogenesis in normotensive rats by a direct interaction with cardiac cells. We hypothesized that such scenario can be exacerbated by latent cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. RESULTS We monitored cardiac electromechanical performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exposed to titanium dioxide NPs for 6 weeks using a combination of cardiac functional measurements associated with toxicological, immunological, physical and genetic assays. Longitudinal radio-telemetry ECG recordings and multiple-lead epicardial potential mapping revealed that atrial activation times significantly increased as well as proneness to arrhythmia. At the third week of nanoparticles administration, the lung and cardiac tissue encountered a maladaptive irreversible structural remodelling starting with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and lipid peroxidation, resulting in upregulation of the main pro-fibrotic cardiac genes. At the end of the exposure, the majority of spontaneous arrhythmic events terminated, while cardiac hemodynamic deteriorated and a significant accumulation of fibrotic tissue occurred as compared to control untreated SHRs. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were quantified in the heart tissue although without definite accumulation as revealed by particle-induced X-ray emission and ultrastructural analysis. CONCLUSIONS The co-morbidity of hypertension and inhaled nanoparticles induces irreversible hemodynamic impairment associated with cardiac structural damage potentially leading to heart failure. The time-dependence of exposure indicates a non-return point that needs to be taken into account in hypertensive subjects daily exposed to nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monia Savi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rossella Alinovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaccaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Present address: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Omar Lozano-Garcia
- Namur Nanosafety Centre (NNC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Research Centre for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), University of Namur, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.,Present address: Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Namur Nanosafety Centre (NNC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Research Centre for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), University of Namur, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilio Macchi
- CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Mutti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Unità di Medicina del lavoro e Tossicologia industriale, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, n° 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. .,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL, ex-ISPESL, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hadrup N, Bengtson S, Jacobsen NR, Jackson P, Nocun M, Saber AT, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Influence of dispersion medium on nanomaterial-induced pulmonary inflammation and DNA strand breaks: investigation of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and three titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:581-597. [PMID: 29301028 PMCID: PMC5907907 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal instillation serves as a model for inhalation exposure. However, for this, materials are dispersed in appropriate media that may influence toxicity. We tested whether different intratracheal instillation dispersion media influence the pulmonary toxicity of different nanomaterials. Rodents were intratracheally instilled with 162 µg/mouse/1620 µg/rat carbon black (CB), 67 µg/mouse titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) or 54 µg/mouse carbon nanotubes (CNT). The dispersion media were as follows: water (CB, TiO2); 2% serum in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 0.05% serum albumin in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 10% bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 0.9% NaCl (CB), 10% bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in water (CB) or 0.1% Tween-80 in water (CB). Inflammation was measured as pulmonary influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar fluid, and DNA damage as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells by comet assay. Inflammation was observed for all nanomaterials (except 38-nm TiO2) in all dispersion media. For CB, inflammation was dispersion medium dependent. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks for CB were observed only in water, 2% serum and 10% BAL fluid in 0.9% NaCl. No dispersion medium-dependent effects on genotoxicity were observed for TiO2, whereas CNT in 2% serum induced higher DNA strand break levels than in 0.05% serum albumin. In conclusion, the dispersion medium was a determinant of CB-induced inflammation and genotoxicity. Water seemed to be the best dispersion medium to mimic CB inhalation, exhibiting DNA strand breaks with only limited inflammation. The influence of dispersion media on nanomaterial toxicity should be considered in the planning of intratracheal investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Nocun
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|