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Swiatlowska P, Sit B, Feng Z, Marhuenda E, Xanthis I, Zingaro S, Ward M, Zhou X, Xiao Q, Shanahan C, Jones GE, Yu CH, Iskratsch T. Pressure and stiffness sensing together regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3471. [PMID: 35427166 PMCID: PMC9012473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the progression of atherosclerosis, where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Because of their role as risk factors for atherosclerosis, we sought here to systematically study the impact of matrix stiffness and (hemodynamic) pressure on VSMCs. Thereby, we find that pressure and stiffness individually affect the VSMC phenotype. However, only the combination of hypertensive pressure and matrix compliance, and as such mechanical stimuli that are prevalent during atherosclerosis, leads to a full phenotypic switch including the formation of matrix-degrading podosomes. We further analyze the molecular mechanism in stiffness and pressure sensing and identify a regulation through different but overlapping pathways culminating in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton through cofilin. Together, our data show how different pathological mechanical signals combined but through distinct pathways accelerate a phenotypic switch that will ultimately contribute to atherosclerotic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brian Sit
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Xanthis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simona Zingaro
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Ward
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth E. Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cheng-han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
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Zhao T, Zhao H, Li G, Zheng S, Liu M, Gu C, Wang Y. Role of the PKCα-c-Src tyrosine kinase pathway in the mediation of p120-catenin degradation in ventilator-induced lung injury. Respirology 2016; 21:1404-1410. [PMID: 27459952 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is commonly associated with respiratory barrier dysfunction; however, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the order and components of the signalling pathway that mediates the degradation of adherin junction of p120-catenin in VILI. METHODS For the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated with inhibitors for 60 min prior to 4 h of mechanical ventilation. For the in vitro study, mouse lung epithelial 12 (MLE-12) cells were pre-treated with inhibitors for 60 min or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h prior to cyclic stretch at 20% for 4 h. The protein levels of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), activated c-Src and p120-catenin were determined via western blot analysis. Lung injury was determined via HE staining, immunofluorescence, wet/dry ratio and lung injury scores. RESULTS High tidal volume mechanical ventilation and 20% cyclic stretch resulted in the degradation of p120-catenin. Inhibitors of PKCα blocked c-Src kinase activation and p120-catenin degradation in VILI. Inhibitors of c-Src kinase or PP2 or siRNA blocked p120-catenin degradation but not PKCα activation. CONCLUSION The current findings demonstrates that PKCα and c-Src kinase participate in VILI. PKCα activation phosphorylates c-Src kinase and further decreases p120-catenin in VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Shengfa Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Liu M, Gu C, Wang Y. Upregulation of the tight junction protein occludin: effects on ventilation-induced lung injury and mechanisms of action. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:94. [PMID: 24884662 PMCID: PMC4046497 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occludin, a tight junction protein, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the lung epithelial barrier; however, its role in ventilation-induced lung injury has not been explored. Here, we measured the expression of occludin with different tidal volumes. Our study indicated that the level of occludin was significantly decreased and alveolar permeability was increased owing to acute lung injury. METHODS Thirty healthy Wistar rats (15 female, 15 male) weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 in each group): a control group (group C), a low tidal volume group (group L), a low tidal volume + protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitor group (group L + P), a high tidal volume group (group H) and a high tidal volume + PKC inhibitor group (group H + P). Tracheas of rats in the control group underwent incision without any special treatment. The other four groups were mechanically ventilated for 4 h. The rats in groups L + P and H + P were treated with a PKC inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide I, 0.12 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection 1 h before anesthesia. Rats were sacrificed after mechanical ventilation. Specimens of lung tissues were harvested. Lung pathological changes were observed using an optical microscope, and lung wet/dry weight ratio was measured. The occludin protein level was assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS HE staining and immunohistochemistry results showed that occludin was mainly located in alveolar epithelial cells and some alveolar endothelial cells. The lung injury and alveolar edema were more serious in high tidal volume groups than in low tidal volume groups. Occludin expression was reduced and PKC activation was increased in rats in the high tidal volume groups compared with rats in the low tidal volume groups. Rats that were pretreated with the PKC inhibitor had less pulmonary edema induced by the high tidal volume ventilation. CONCLUSION Mechanical ventilation can activate the PKC signaling pathway and tight junction proteins participate in this pathway. Up-regulation of occludin can reduce ventilation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuelan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfo Mountain Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Koopmans T, Anaparti V, Castro-Piedras I, Yarova P, Irechukwu N, Nelson C, Perez-Zoghbi J, Tan X, Ward JPT, Wright DB. Ca2+ handling and sensitivity in airway smooth muscle: emerging concepts for mechanistic understanding and therapeutic targeting. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:108-20. [PMID: 24831539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Free calcium ions within the cytosol serve as a key secondary messenger system for a diverse range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) handling in airway smooth muscle (ASM) has been implicated in asthma, and it has been hypothesised that this leads, at least in part, to associated changes in both the architecture and function of the lung. Significant research is therefore directed towards furthering our understanding of the mechanisms which control ASM cytosolic calcium, in addition to those regulating the sensitivity of its downstream effector targets to calcium. Key aspects of the recent developments in this field were discussed at the 8th Young Investigators' Symposium on Smooth Muscle (2013, Groningen, The Netherlands), and are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koopmans
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V Anaparti
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - I Castro-Piedras
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, TX, USA
| | - P Yarova
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - N Irechukwu
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - C Nelson
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Perez-Zoghbi
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, TX, USA
| | - X Tan
- Lung Inflammation & Infection Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - D B Wright
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, UK.
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Thompson MA, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. The role of caveolae in the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 8:111-22. [PMID: 24308657 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2014.855610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are flask-shaped plasma membrane invaginations formed by constitutive caveolin proteins and regulatory cavin proteins. Caveolae harbor a range of signaling components such as receptors, ion channels and regulatory molecules. There is now increasing evidence that caveolins and cavins play an important role in a variety of diseases. However, the mechanisms by which these caveolar proteins affect lung health and disease are still under investigation, with emerging data suggesting complex roles in disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the current state of understanding of how caveolar proteins contribute to lung structure and function and how their altered expression and/or function can influence lung diseases.
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Mukherjee S, Trice J, Shinde P, Willis RE, Pressley TA, Perez-Zoghbi JF. Ca2+ oscillations, Ca2+ sensitization, and contraction activated by protein kinase C in small airway smooth muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 141:165-78. [PMID: 23359281 PMCID: PMC3557311 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction and may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness. Here, we combined optical and biochemical analyses of mouse lung slices to determine the effects of PKC activation on Ca2+ signaling, Ca2+ sensitivity, protein phosphorylation, and contraction in SMCs of small intrapulmonary airways. We found that 10 µM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or 1 µM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate induced repetitive, unsynchronized, and transient contractions of the SMCs lining the airway lumen. These contractions were associated with low frequency Ca2+ oscillations in airway SMCs that resulted from Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and the subsequent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores through ryanodine receptors. Phorbol ester stimulation of lung slices in which SMC intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was “clamped” at a high concentration induced strong airway contraction, indicating that PKC mediated sensitization of the contractile response to [Ca2+]i. This Ca2+ sensitization was accompanied by phosphorylation of both the PKC-potentiated PP1 inhibitory protein of 17 kD (CPI-17) and the regulatory myosin light chain. Thrombin, like the phorbol esters, induced a strong Ca2+ sensitization that was inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X and also potentiated airway contraction to membrane depolarization with KCl. In conclusion, we suggest that PKC activation in small airways leads to both the generation of Ca2+ oscillations and strong Ca2+ sensitization; agents associated with airway inflammation, such as thrombin, may activate this pathway to sensitize airway smooth muscle to agonists that cause membrane depolarization and Ca2+ entry and induce airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mukherjee
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Singh J, Maxwell PJ, Rattan S. Immunocytochemical evidence for PDBu-induced activation of RhoA/ROCK in human internal anal sphincter smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G317-25. [PMID: 21566015 PMCID: PMC3154599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00084.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies were performed to determine the unknown status of PKC and RhoA/ROCK in the phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)-stimulated state in the human internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We determined the effects of PDBu (10(-7) M), the PKC activator, on PKCα and RhoA and ROCK II translocation in the human IAS SMCs. We used immunocytochemistry and fluorescence microcopy in the basal state, following PDBu, and before and after PKC inhibitor calphostin C (10(-6) M), cell-permeable RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme (2.5 μg/ml), and ROCK inhibitor Y 27632 (10(-6) M). We also determined changes in the SMC lengths via computerized digital micrometry. In the basal state PKCα was distributed almost uniformly throughout the cell, whereas RhoA and ROCK II were located in the higher intensities toward the periphery. PDBu caused significant translocation of PKCα, RhoA, and ROCK II. PDBu-induced translocation of PKCα was attenuated by calphostin C and not by C3 exoenzyme and Y 27632. However, PDBu-induced translocation of RhoA was blocked by C3 exoenzyme, and that of ROCK II was attenuated by both C3 exoenzyme and Y 27632. Contraction of the human IAS SMCs caused by PDBu in parallel with RhoA/ROCK II translocation was attenuated by C3 exoenzyme and Y 27632 but not by calphostin C. In human IAS SMCs RhoA/ROCK compared with PKC are constitutively active, and contractility by PDBu is associated with RhoA/ROCK activation rather than PKC. The relative contribution of RhoA/ROCK vs. PKC in the pathophysiology and potential therapy for the IAS dysfunction remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pinckney J. Maxwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Rattan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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