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Ibrahim EH, Ali TA, Sharbatti S, Ismail MK, Rahamathullah N, Bylappa SK, Khalfan NH, Mohammed ME, Qasem AM, Hussein MA, Ibrahim SM, Bashir GA, Alassal MF, Sobhy M, Dahy AA, Abuelsoud A. Histopathological Profile of Different Breast Lesions: A Single-Center Observational Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60408. [PMID: 38883142 PMCID: PMC11179155 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the histopathological pattern of different breast lesions among tissue specimens sent to our laboratory. METHOD A record-based study using a retrospective review of 255 histologically diagnosed breast biopsy reports in the histopathology department of authors from December 2016 to November 2021 was conducted. The specimens were collected from core biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy. All data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Then, the findings were presented using text, tables, and charts. RESULT A total of 255 breast lesions were analyzed in this study. Most of the cases were benign (58.8%), followed by inflammatory lesions (21.6%), and malignant (19.6%). Fibroadenoma was the most prevalent benign lesion (36.7%), and most of the patients (70.9%) were in the age group of 20-39 years old. The most common inflammatory lesion was granulomatous mastitis (56.4%), and most of the cases were diagnosed in the age group of 30-39 years old. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most encountered histological type of carcinoma (62%). Of the malignant cases, 52% were diagnosed before the age of 50 years. Among these 50 cases, grade 2 was the most prevalent one (46%). CONCLUSION Benign breast lesions are more common than malignant breast lesions, and fibroadenoma is the most common benign subtype. Granulomatous mastitis is the most prevalent inflammatory breast lesion. About two-thirds of malignant cases are non-Arab. Invasive ductal carcinoma with no special type (NST) is the most common malignant subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
- Department of Pathology, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Tamer A Ali
- Department of Urology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Shatha Sharbatti
- Department of Community Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - May Kh Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | | | - Sunil K Bylappa
- Department of Laboratory, Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, ARE
| | - Neema H Khalfan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Mariam E Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Alaa M Qasem
- Department of Laboratory, Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, ARE
| | | | - Sameh M Ibrahim
- Department of Oncosurgery, El Salam Oncology Institute, Cairo, EGY
| | - Gehad A Bashir
- Department of Urology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | - Mosab F Alassal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saudi German Hospital, Ajman, ARE
| | - Mohamed Sobhy
- Department of General Surgery, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Asmaa A Dahy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Ahmed Abuelsoud
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY
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Afroze T, Iyer A, Faisal H, Manaf H, Bahul R. Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer Screening and Mammograms Among Women Aged 40 Years and Older in the United Arab Emirates. Cureus 2024; 16:e59766. [PMID: 38846223 PMCID: PMC11153839 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding breast cancer screening and mammograms among 40 years and older females in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on women faculty, staff, and female patients attending our hospital. The inclusion criteria were women ≥ 40 years old who agreed to participate. The exclusion criteria were women < 40 and those ≥ 40 years who refused to participate. A signed informed consent was taken. A p-value of < 0.5 was considered significant. RESULTS Among the 460 women enrolled, 420 completed the survey (response rate 91%). The mean age was 48.4 ± 8.2 years. A total of 63.4% of the participants were < 50 years of age. A total of 53.3% were never screened before. About 98% believed that screening is beneficial in early detection. Social media (52.2%) and health professionals (46%) played a vital role in creating awareness. The majority of women were aware of self-breast examinations (73.3%), followed by mammography (68.6%). About 84% and 68.3%, of the participants had incorrect knowledge of the timing and frequency of mammograms, respectively. Only 16.3% of the participants were recommended by their physician, while the rest (83.7%) performed screening based on their awareness. No significant association was found between nutritional status (p=0.252), age at first pregnancy (p=0.409), or having children (p= 0.377) with mammogram uptake. There was a significant association between the perceived benefit of screening and mammogram uptake (p=0.033). There was a positive association between radiation therapy to the chest area and mammogram uptake (p<0.024). A statistically significant association was found between the correct timing of mammograms with family history of cancer (p = 0.037) and previous exposure to radiation therapy to the chest (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION There is a need to increase knowledge and awareness regarding breast cancer screening and mammograms among women in UAE. Specifically, breast self-examination should be encouraged and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Afroze
- Family Medicine Department, Nad Al Hamar Health Center, Dubai, ARE
| | - Aashka Iyer
- Community Medicine Department, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Hana Faisal
- Community Medicine Department, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Hiba Manaf
- Community Medicine Department, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Radha Bahul
- Community Medicine Department, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
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Jabeen S, Zakar R, Zakar MZ, Fischer F. Experiences of family caregivers in dealing with cases of advanced breast cancer: a qualitative study of the sociocultural context in Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1030. [PMID: 38609905 PMCID: PMC11015732 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced breast cancer require consistent help and support from family caregivers. These caregivers often endure financial burdens and psychological stress, with their experiences significantly influenced by sociocultural factors. This study aims to explore the experiences of family caregivers of advanced breast cancer patients in Punjab province, Pakistan. METHODS Data was collected through in-depth interviews with fifteen family caregivers of advanced breast cancer patients in three major cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Caregivers, who had been in close contact with the patient for the last two years, were purposively sampled from five major hospitals. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The study revealed that the experiences of family caregivers are deeply rooted in the sociocultural context. Key themes identified include social responsibility and cultural reciprocity norms; limited awareness and mobility options for caregivers; financial responsibility and strain; impacts of beauty myths and shyness on caregiving attitudes and decisions; the stressful and emotional nature of caregiving; treatment perspectives influenced by social groups; challenges in consulting male physicians and associated stigma; the role of religious beliefs in caregiving; and stress management, with religion often being a coping mechanism. These factors can contribute to delayed treatment decisions for patients. CONCLUSIONS Family caregivers are crucial in facilitating timely treatment decisions for advanced breast cancer patients in the Pakistani context. To minimize treatment delays and alleviate caregiver stress, addressing sociocultural barriers in care-seeking is essential. A tailored approach, considering sociocultural and religious factors, is imperative for the management and early diagnosis of breast cancer, necessitating appropriate policymaking and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Jabeen
- Department of Sociology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institute of Public Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Al-Shamsi HO, Abdelwahed N, Al-Awadhi A, Albashir M, Abyad AM, Rafii S, Afrit M, Al Lababidi B, Abu-Gheida I, Sonawane YP, Nijhawan NA, Haq UU, Dreier N, Joshua TLA, Iqbal F, Yacoub T, Nawaz FA, Abdul Jabbar D, Tirmazy SH, El-Shourbagy DM, Hamza D, Omara M, Al Madhi SAS, Ghazal H, Darr H, Oner M, Vlamaki Z, El Kinge AR, Ramanathan D, Judah M, Almahmeed T, Ahmad M, Jonnada SB, Almansoori N, Razek AA, Al-Hamadi A, Balalaa N, Jamali F, Singarachari RA, Labban A, Das K, Luiten EJT, Abdelgawad T, Al-Khatib F, Alrawi S, Jaafar H. Breast Cancer in the United Arab Emirates. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200247. [PMID: 36608306 PMCID: PMC10166434 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Innovation and Research Center, Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Abdelwahed
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Innovation and Research Center, Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Amin M Abyad
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Rafii
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oncology, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehdi Afrit
- Burjeel Specialty Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ibrahim Abu-Gheida
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Urfan Ul Haq
- Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Faryal Iqbal
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Innovation and Research Center, Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamer Yacoub
- Burjeel Royal Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faisal A Nawaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Dina Hamza
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Humaa Darr
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zoi Vlamaki
- Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aly A Razek
- Gulf International Cancer Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Nahed Balalaa
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faek Jamali
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City in partnership with Mayo Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Kaltar Das
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest J T Luiten
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Sadir Alrawi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Jaafar
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Figueiras MJ, Neto DD, Marôco J, Carmo C. How Do Healthy Women Perceive the Risk of Breast Cancer? The Role of Illness Perceptions and Compared Risk between Portugal and the U.A.E. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12923. [PMID: 36232223 PMCID: PMC9566403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Breast cancer (BC) shows significant epidemiological differences between Eastern and Western countries. These may arise from socio-cultural factors influencing how healthy young women perceive this condition, their risk of getting cancer, and the implications for preventive screening behaviors. In this study, the illness perceptions, individual risk perception, compared risk, and beliefs about preventive behaviors for BC of female university students were compared using an anonymous online survey between a European country (Portugal) and the United Arab Emirates. (2) Method: A structural equation model (SEM) was developed to investigate the hypothetical relationship between illness perceptions and compared risk as predictors of perceived risk for BC. (3) Results: There were significant differences between the study variables. The SEM was invariant, but the differences between regression coefficients in both countries were highly statistically significant. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of compared risk on individual risk and a significantly stronger direct effect for the Emirati sample. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that cultural research may help to explain factors that may shape social comparison of individual risk characteristics and influence perceived risk. Moreover, providing culturally appropriate strategies to be designed and implemented can promote early detection behaviors for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Figueiras
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Health and Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Dias Neto
- APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Marôco
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Carmo
- School of Psychology, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
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Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174218. [PMID: 36077752 PMCID: PMC9454998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nearly all breast cancer patients survive for more than five years when the tumor is found early and in the localized stage. Regular clinical breast examinations, mammograms, and monthly self-exams of the breasts all contribute to early detection. However, late-stage breast cancers are common in many Asian countries. Low-income countries suffer from a lack of resources for breast cancer screening. High-income countries, on the other hand, are not benefiting fully from national breast screening programs due to an underutilization of the preventive healthcare services available. Existing reviews on Asian breast cancers are heavily focused on risk factors. The question of whether we should adopt or adapt the knowledge generated from non-Asian breast cancers would benefit from an extension into screening guidelines. In addition, several Asian countries are piloting studies that move away from the age-based screening paradigm. Abstract Close to half (45.4%) of the 2.3 million breast cancers (BC) diagnosed in 2020 were from Asia. While the burden of breast cancer has been examined at the level of broad geographic regions, literature on more in-depth coverage of the individual countries and subregions of the Asian continent is lacking. This narrative review examines the breast cancer burden in 47 Asian countries. Breast cancer screening guidelines and risk-based screening initiatives are discussed.
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Regression Analysis between the Different Breast Dose Quantities Reported in Digital Mammography and Patient Age, Breast Thickness, and Acquisition Parameters. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8080211. [PMID: 36005454 PMCID: PMC9409844 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8080211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Screening mammography is considered the primary imaging modality for the early detection of breast cancer. The radiation dose from mammography increases the patients’ risk of radiation-induced cancer. The mean glandular dose (MGD), or the average glandular dose (AGD), provides an estimate of the absorbed dose of radiation by the glandular tissues of a breast. In this paper, MGD is estimated for the craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral–oblique (MLO) views using entrance skin dose (ESD), X-ray spectrum information, patient age, breast glandularity, and breast thickness. Moreover, a regression analysis is performed to evaluate the impact of mammography acquisition parameters, age, and breast thickness on the estimated MGD and other machine-produced dose quantities, namely, ESD and organ dose (OD). Furthermore, a correlation study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the ESD and OD, and the estimated MGD per image view. This retrospective study was applied to a dataset of 2035 mammograms corresponding to a cohort of 486 subjects with an age range of 28–86 years who underwent screening mammography examinations. Linear regression metrics were calculated to evaluate the strength of the correlations. The mean (and range) MGD for the CC view was 0.832 (0.110–3.491) mGy and for the MLO view was 0.995 (0.256–2.949) mGy. All the mammography dose quantities strongly correlated with tube exposure (mAs): ESD (R2 = 0.938 for the CC view and R2 = 0.945 for the MLO view), OD (R2 = 0.969 for the CC view and R2 = 0.983 for the MLO view), and MGD (R2 = 0.980 for the CC view and R2 = 0.972 for the MLO view). Breast thickness showed a better correlation with all the mammography dose quantities than patient age, which showed a poor correlation. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the calculated MGD and both the ESD (R2 = 0.929 for the CC view and R2 = 0.914 for the MLO view) and OD (R2 = 0.971 for the CC view and R2 = 0.972 for the MLO view). Furthermore, it was found that the MLO scan views yield a slightly higher dose compared to CC scan views. It was also found that the glandular absorbed dose is more dependent on glandularity than size. Despite being more reflective of the dose absorbed by the glandular tissue than OD and ESD, MGD is considered labor-intensive and time-consuming to estimate.
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Abu Awwad D, Hossain SZ, Mackey M, Brennan P, Adam S. Women's Breast Cancer Knowledge and Health Communication in the United Arab Emirates. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040495. [PMID: 33218122 PMCID: PMC7711768 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), women’s participation in breast cancer screening is low, and women are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages. This study investigated women’s attitudes towards breast cancer screening, their use of health services in the UAE emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, and their preferred medium for breast cancer information. In this qualitative study, six focus groups were conducted with Emirati (n = 28) and non-Emirati (n = 26) women as Ras Al Khaimah is a highly multi-cultural region. Women were separated into different age groups (25–34, 30–44, 44+) so as to obtain perspectives of young (n = 16), middle (n = 19), and older women (n = 19). The focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Women recognised that any breast change should be checked by a doctor, and that women with symptoms or those at higher risk may need to have breast screening earlier than the recommended starting age. However, participants wanted more information from doctors or other health personnel. Women had observed breast cancer information and campaigns advertisements in multiple media but recommended greater use of social media and WhatsApp to disseminate information. Overall, women had positive attitudes towards breast cancer screening but wanted more breast cancer awareness campaigns year-round and better access to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Abu Awwad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Syeda Zakia Hossain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-9340
| | - Martin Mackey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Brennan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.A.); (M.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Shukri Adam
- College of Nursing, Ras Al Khaimah Medical & Health Sciences University, Al Qusaidat, UAE;
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Al-Shamsi HO. Mammography screening for breast cancer-the UK Age trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e505. [PMID: 33152297 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Cancer Institute Research and Innovation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Impact of community-based educational intervention on breast cancer and its screening awareness among Arab women in the United Arab Emirates. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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