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Stillwater BJ, Bull AC, Romagnolo DF, Neumayer LA, Donovan MG, Selmin OI. Bisphenols and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review of the Impact of Diet and Bioactive Food Components. Front Nutr 2020; 7:581388. [PMID: 33330580 PMCID: PMC7710764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.581388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from preclinical studies suggest a link between increased risk of breast cancer and exposure to bisphenols at doses below what the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers as safe for consumption. Bisphenols exert estrogenic effects and are found in canned and plastic wrapped foods, food packaging, and plasticware. Mechanistically, bisphenols bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and activate the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and breast cancer. In this paper, we present a narrative literature review addressing bisphenol A and chemical analogs including bisphenol AF, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S selected as prototype xenoestrogens; then, we discuss biological mechanisms of action of these bisphenols in breast cells and potential impact of exposure at different stages of development (i.e., perinatal, peripubertal, and adult). Finally, we summarize studies detailing interactions, both preventative and promoting, of bisphenols with food components on breast cancer risk. We conclude the review with a discussion of current controversies in interpretation of the above research and future areas for investigation, including the impact of bisphenols and food components on breast tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Stillwater
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashleigh C Bull
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh A Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Moroni L, Barbaro F, Caiment F, Coleman O, Costagliola S, Di Conza G, Elviri L, Giselbrecht S, Krause C, Mota C, Nazzari M, Pennington SR, Ringwald A, Sandri M, Thomas S, Waddington J, Toni R. SCREENED: A Multistage Model of Thyroid Gland Function for Screening Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in a Biologically Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3648. [PMID: 32455722 PMCID: PMC7279272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemicals that contribute to health problems by interfering with the physiological production and target effects of hormones, with proven impacts on a number of endocrine systems including the thyroid gland. Exposure to EDs has also been associated with impairment of the reproductive system and incidence in occurrence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases during ageing. SCREENED aims at developing in vitro assays based on rodent and human thyroid cells organized in three different three-dimensional (3D) constructs. Due to different levels of anatomical complexity, each of these constructs has the potential to increasingly mimic the structure and function of the native thyroid gland, ultimately achieving relevant features of its 3D organization including: 1) a 3D organoid based on stem cell-derived thyrocytes, 2) a 3D organoid based on a decellularized thyroid lobe stromal matrix repopulated with stem cell-derived thyrocytes, and 3) a bioprinted organoid based on stem cell-derived thyrocytes able to mimic the spatial and geometrical features of a native thyroid gland. These 3D constructs will be hosted in a modular microbioreactor equipped with innovative sensing technology and enabling precise control of cell culture conditions. New superparamagnetic biocompatible and biomimetic particles will be used to produce "magnetic cells" to support precise spatiotemporal homing of the cells in the 3D decellularized and bioprinted constructs. Finally, these 3D constructs will be used to screen the effect of EDs on the thyroid function in a unique biological sex-specific manner. Their performance will be assessed individually, in comparison with each other, and against in vivo studies. The resulting 3D assays are expected to yield responses to low doses of different EDs, with sensitivity and specificity higher than that of classical 2D in vitro assays and animal models. Supporting the "Adverse Outcome Pathway" concept, proteogenomic analysis and biological computational modelling of the underlying mode of action of the tested EDs will be pursued to gain a mechanistic understanding of the chain of events from exposure to adverse toxic effects on thyroid function. For future uptake, SCREENED will engage discussion with relevant stakeholder groups, including regulatory bodies and industry, to ensure that the assays will fit with purposes of ED safety assessment. In this project review, we will briefly discuss the current state of the art in cellular assays of EDs and how our project aims at further advancing the field of cellular assays for EDs interfering with the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Florian Caiment
- Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Orla Coleman
- Atturos Ltd., c/o Conway Research Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (O.C.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instruct Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Carlos Mota
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marta Nazzari
- Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Stephen R. Pennington
- Atturos Ltd., c/o Conway Research Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; (O.C.); (S.R.P.)
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | | | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISTEC-CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy;
| | - Simon Thomas
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - James Waddington
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Roberto Toni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S. Lab.), University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy; (F.B.); (G.D.C.); (R.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Messina M. Impact of Soy Foods on the Development of Breast Cancer and the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients. Complement Med Res 2016; 23:75-80. [PMID: 27161216 DOI: 10.1159/000444735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between soy food intake and breast cancer has been rigorously investigated for more than 25 years. The identification of isoflavones as possible chemopreventive agents helped fuel this line of investigation. These diphenolic compounds, which are found in uniquely-rich amounts in soy beans, possess both estrogen-dependent and -independent properties that potentially inhibit the development of breast cancer. Observational studies show that among Asian women higher soy consumption is associated with an approximate 30% reduction in risk of developing breast cancer. However, evidence suggests that for soy to reduce breast cancer risk consumption must occur early in life, that is during childhood and/or adolescence. Despite the interest in the role of soy in reducing breast cancer risk concerns have arisen that soy foods, because they contain isoflavones, may increase the likelihood of high-risk women developing breast cancer and worsen the prognosis of breast cancer patients. However, extensive clinical and epidemiologic data show these concerns to be unfounded. Clinical trials consistently show that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect markers of breast cancer risk, including mammographic density and cell proliferation. Furthermore, prospective epidemiologic studies involving over 11,000 women from the USA and China show that postdiagnosis soy intake statistically significantly reduces recurrence and improves survival.
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