[Activity of the glutathione system of antioxidant defense in rats under the action of L-glutamic acid]

Integrating Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics to Elucidate the Mechanism of Action of Huang Qin Decoction for Treament of Diabetic Liver Injury

Huang Qin Decoction (HQD), is used for the treatment of diabetic liver injury (DLI) and in this study, its mechanisms were evaluated by metabonomics and system pharmacology. To study the anti-DLI effects of HQD. The 48 male db/db mice were fed adaptively for one week, and a random blood glucose test was performed twice. The db/db mice with a blood glucose level of more than 11.1mol/l were separated into four groups: the model group, the active control group, the high-dose HQD group the low-dose HQD group, the control group consisted of db/m mice. Using the UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS metabolomics approach, 18 metabolites were found to be profoundly altered in the model group, and the levels of these biomarkers were significantly recovered after treatment with HQD. 8 signaling pathways related to HQD, including the Sphingolipid metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism, etc. were explored. In addition, the system pharmacology paradigm revealed that HQD contains 141 active ingredients and is related to 265 genes, and 1404 disease genes are related to DLI. The construction of the HQD composition-target-DLI network identified a total of 161 intersection genes. We identified 10 key genes, which is partially compatible with the results of metabolomics. The integrated approach metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed that additional detailed investigation focused on five major targets, including CAT, PTGS2, MAPK3, AKT1, and MAPK8, and their essential metabolites (sphinganine, sphingosine, Glutahione, Oxidized gutahione, Dihydrolipoamide) and pathway (glycerol phospholipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism). The significant affinity of the primary target for the HQD was confirmed by molecular docking. The results demonstrate that the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology could be used to reflect the effects of HQD on the biological network and metabolic state of DLI and to evaluate the drug efficacy of HQD and its related mechanisms.

Protective role of l-glutamic acid and l-cysteine in mitigation the chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rats

Exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) can lead to oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to investigate and compare the protective effects of amino acids (l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and l-cysteine (L-Cys) alone or in combination) for the purpose of suppression and mitigation of CPF-induced oxidative stress in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: CPF, CPF/L-Glu, CPF/L-Glu and l-Cys, CPF/L-Cys, control. The level of GSH and the activities of glutathione-related enzymes were determined. The content of lipid peroxidation products was also monitored. The obtained results suggest that level of GSH and activity of GSH-related enzymes was significantly inhibited by CPF. l-Glu and l-Cys were able to prevent CPF-induced oxidative stress. In rats treated with amino acids, we observed less significant or no changes in studied parameters. It was established that the above-mentioned amino acids, administered alone and in their combination, can mitigate and suppress CPF-induced oxidative stress. The most significant mitigation effect was found in rats treated with l-Glu only.