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Malanchuk O, Bdzhola A, Palchevskyi S, Bdzhola V, Chai P, Pardo OE, Seckl MJ, Banerjee A, Peak-Chew SY, Skehel M, Guruprasad L, Zhyvoloup A, Gout I, Filonenko V. Investigating the Regulation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 by CoAlation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8747. [PMID: 39201434 PMCID: PMC11354579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinases belong to a family of highly conserved enzymes in eukaryotes that regulate cell growth, proliferation, survival, and the stress response. It is well established that the activation and downstream signalling of p70S6Ks involve multiple phosphorylation events by key regulators of cell growth, survival, and energy metabolism. Here, we report for the first time the covalent modification of p70S6K1 by coenzyme A (CoA) in response to oxidative stress, which regulates its kinase activity. The site of CoA binding (CoAlation) was mapped by mass spectrometry to cysteine 217 (Cys217), located in the kinase activation loop and only one amino acid away from the tripeptide DFG motif, which facilitates ATP-binding. The CoAlation of recombinant p70S6K1 was demonstrated in vitro and was shown to inhibit its kinase activity. Our molecular docking and dynamics analysis revealed the most likely mode for CoA binding to p70S6K1. This mechanism involves the non-covalent binding of the CoA ADP moiety to the p70S6K1 nucleotide-binding pocket, positioning the CoA thiol group in close proximity to form a covalent bond with the surface-exposed Cys217 residue. These findings support a "dual anchor" mechanism for protein kinase inhibition by CoAlation in cellular response to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the inhibition of S6K1 by CoAlation may open new avenues for developing novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Malanchuk
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.M.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Anna Bdzhola
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Sergii Palchevskyi
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Volodymyr Bdzhola
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Peng Chai
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (P.C.); (O.E.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Olivier E. Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (P.C.); (O.E.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Seckl
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (P.C.); (O.E.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Adrija Banerjee
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India; (A.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Sew Yeu Peak-Chew
- Biological Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK;
| | - Mark Skehel
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Lalitha Guruprasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India; (A.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Alexander Zhyvoloup
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivan Gout
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.M.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.B.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
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El'skaya AV. A few notes on science in Ukraine. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100089. [PMID: 37101685 PMCID: PMC10123332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a person who has had a long scientific career in Ukraine, both before and after its re-acquisition of independence thirty years ago, I would like to share my observations with the readership of this Special Issue. By no means are these observations meant to provide a systematic presentation, which requires a different format. Rather, they are highly personal notes, providing snippets of the past and present and a discussion of the future of Ukrainian science. They also allow me to acknowledge my wonderful colleagues and bright students. I am delighted to see that many of them have contributed excellent reviews and original manuscripts to this Special Issue. (I am also keenly aware of the fact that because of the brutal invasion and bombardments by our imperial neighbor, many of my colleagues have been unable to share their latest work). It will be up to this next generation of Ukrainian scientists to develop Biological Sciences in Ukraine in the future.
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p70 S6 kinase as a therapeutic target in cancers: More than just an mTOR effector. Cancer Lett 2022; 535:215593. [PMID: 35176419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) is best-known for its regulatory roles in protein synthesis and cell growth by phosphorylating its primary substrate, ribosomal protein S6, upon mitogen stimulation. The enhanced expression/activation of p70S6K has been correlated with poor prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting that it may serve as a biomarker for disease monitoring. p70S6K is a critical downstream effector of the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its activation is tightly regulated by an ordered cascade of Ser/Thr phosphorylation events. Nonetheless, it should be noted that other upstream mechanisms regulating p70S6K at both the post-translational and post-transcriptional levels also exist. Activated p70S6K could promote various aspects of cancer progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness and drug resistance. Importantly, novel evidence showing that p70S6K may also regulate different cellular components in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. Therapeutic targeting of p70S6K alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapies or other microenvironmental-based drugs such as immunotherapy may represent promising approaches against cancers with aberrant p70S6K signaling. Currently, the only clinically available p70S6K inhibitors are rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) which target mTOR. However, there are emerging p70S6K-selective drugs which are going through active preclinical or clinical trial phases. Moreover, various screening strategies have been used for the discovery of novel p70S6K inhibitors, hence bringing new insights for p70S6K-targeted therapy.
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