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Mejia Maza A, Carmen-Orozco RP, Carter ES, Dávila-Villacorta DG, Castillo G, Morales JD, Mamani J, Gavídia CM, Alroy J, Sterling CR, Gonzalez AE, García HH, Woltjer RL, Verástegui MR, Gilman RH. Axonal swellings and spheroids: a new insight into the pathology of neurocysticercosis. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:425-436. [PMID: 30368965 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic brain disease caused by the larval form (Cysticercus cellulosae) of Taenia solium and is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. However, the pathophysiology and relation to the wide range of clinical features remains poorly understood. Axonal swelling is emerging as an important early pathological finding in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and as a cause of brain injury, but has not been well described in neurocysticercosis. Histological analysis was performed on human, rat and porcine NCC brain specimens to identify axonal pathology. Rat infection was successfully carried out via two routes of inoculation: direct intracranial injection and oral feeding. Extensive axonal swellings, in the form of spheroids, were observed in both humans and rats and to a lesser extent in pigs with NCC. Spheroids demonstrated increased immunoreactivity to amyloid precursor protein and neurofilament indicating probable impairment of axonal transport. These novel findings demonstrate that spheroids are present in NCC which is conserved across species. Not only is this an important contribution toward understanding the pathogenesis of NCC, but it also provides a model to analyze the association of spheroids with specific clinical features and to investigate the reversibility of spheroid formation with antihelminthic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mejia Maza
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Emma S Carter
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Danitza G Dávila-Villacorta
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Gino Castillo
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jemina D Morales
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Javier Mamani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar M Gavídia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Joseph Alroy
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Charles R Sterling
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Héctor H García
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Manuela R Verástegui
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,The Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Perú
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