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Su L, Liu L, Ji M, Hu X, Liang M, Lu Z, Wang Z, Guan Y, Xiao J, Zhuang M, Zhu S, Yang L, Pu H. Analysis of heroin effects on calcium channels in rat cardiomyocytes based on transcriptomics and metabolomics. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230765. [PMID: 37554148 PMCID: PMC10404893 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heroin can cause damage to many human organs, possibly leading to different types of arrhythmias and abnormal electrophysiological function of the heart muscle and the steady state of calcium-ion channels. We explored cardiomyocytes treated with heroin and the effect on calcium-ion channels. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to screen for differential genes and metabolite alterations after heroin administration to jointly analyze the effect of heroin on calcium channels in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from primary neonatal rats were cultured in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of heroin to observe the changes in morphology and spontaneous beat frequency and rhythm by a patch clamp technique. Transcriptomic studies selected a total of 1,432 differentially expressed genes, 941 upregulated and 491 downregulated genes in rat cardiomyocytes from the control and drug intervention groups. Gene Ontology functional enrichment showed that 1,432 differential genes selected by the two groups were mainly involved in the regulation of the multicellular organismal process, response to external stimulus, myofibril, inflammatory response, muscle system process, cardiac muscle contraction, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly concentrated in cardiac muscle contraction, osteoclast differentiation, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other important pathways. Metabolomic testing further suggested that cardiomyocyte metabolism was severely affected after heroin intervention. After the treatment with heroin, the L-type calcium channel current I-V curve was up-shifted, the peak value was significantly lower than that of the control group, action potential duration 90 was significantly increased in the action potential, resting potential negative value was lowered, and action potential amplitude was significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes. In this study, heroin could cause morphological changes in primary cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats and electrophysiological function. Heroin can cause myocardial contraction and calcium channel abnormalities, damage the myocardium, and change the action potential and L-type calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xiayun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liang
- Discipline Inspection and Supervision Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ziyang Lu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Xinjiang Hengzheng Judicial Expertise Center, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaling Guan
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Jinling Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhuang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Sensen Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hongwei Pu
- Department of Discipline Construction, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi830054, Xinjiang, PR China
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Yu B, Jang SH, Chang PH. Entropy Could Quantify Brain Activation Induced by Mechanical Impedance-Restrained Active Arm Motion: A Functional NIRS Study. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24040556. [PMID: 35455219 PMCID: PMC9024511 DOI: 10.3390/e24040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain activation has been used to understand brain-level events associated with cognitive tasks or physical tasks. As a quantitative measure for brain activation, we propose entropy in place of signal amplitude and beta value, which are widely used, but sometimes criticized for their limitations and shortcomings as such measures. To investigate the relevance of our proposition, we provided 22 subjects with physical stimuli through elbow extension-flexion motions by using our exoskeleton robot, measured brain activation in terms of entropy, signal amplitude, and beta value; and compared entropy with the other two. The results show that entropy is superior, in that its change appeared in limited, well established, motor areas, while signal amplitude and beta value changes appeared in a widespread fashion, contradicting the modularity theory. Entropy can predict increase in brain activation with task duration, while the other two cannot. When stimuli shifted from the rest state to the task state, entropy exhibited a similar increase as the other two did. Although entropy showed only a part of the phenomenon induced by task strength, it showed superiority by showing a decrease in brain activation that the other two did not show. Moreover, entropy was capable of identifying the physiologically important location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggi Yu
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Sung-Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea;
| | - Pyung-Hun Chang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Lawless MS, Vigeant MC. Sensitivity of the human auditory cortex and reward network to reverberant musical stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:2121. [PMID: 32359334 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A room's acoustics can alter subjective impressions of music, including preference. However, little research has characterized the brain's response to room conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the auditory and reward responses to concert hall stimuli. Before the fMRI testing, 18 participants rated their preferences to a solo-instrumental passage and an orchestral motif simulated in eight room acoustic conditions outside an MRI scanner to identify their most liked and disliked conditions. In the MRI, the most-liked (reverberation time, RT = 1.0-2.8 s) and most-disliked (RT = 7.2 s) conditions, along with the [anechoic and scrambled versions] anechoic and scrambled versions of the musical passages were presented. The auditory cortex was found to be sensitive to the temporal coherence of the stimuli as it exhibited stronger activations for simpler stimuli, i.e., the solo-instrumental and anechoic conditions, than for stimuli containing temporally incoherent auditory objects-the orchestral and reverberant conditions. In contrasts between liked and disliked reverberant stimuli, a reward response in the basal ganglia was detected in a region of interest analysis using a temporal derivative model of the hemodynamic response function. This response may indicate differences in preference between subtle variations in room acoustics applied to the same musical passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Lawless
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Applied Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Michelle C Vigeant
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Applied Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Lee IS, Preissl H, Enck P. How to Perform and Interpret Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:197-207. [PMID: 28256119 PMCID: PMC5383114 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed the importance of the role of cognitive and psychological factors and the dysregulation of the brain-gut axis in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. Although only a small number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients, and despite the fact that the neuroimaging technique requires a high level of knowledge, the technique still has a great deal of potential. The application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique in functional gastrointestinal disorders should provide novel methods of diagnosing and treating patients. In this review, basic knowledge and technical/practical issues of fMRI will be introduced to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Lee
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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