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Alagoz M, Kherad N, Gavaz M, Yuksel A. New Genetic Approaches for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-019-00167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sabatello M. A Genomically Informed Education System? Challenges for Behavioral Genetics. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2018; 46:130-144. [PMID: 29805246 PMCID: PMC5967657 DOI: 10.1177/1073110518766027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of genetic knowledge and precision medicine research raises hopes for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment options for children with behavioral and psychiatric conditions. Although well-intended, this prospect also raise the possibility-and concern-that behavioral, including psychiatric genetic data would be increasingly used-or misused-outside the clinical context, such as educational settings. Indeed, there are ongoing calls to endorse a "personalized education" model that would tailor educational interventions to children's behavioral and psychiatric genetic makeup. This article explores the justifications for, and prospects and pitfalls of such endeavors. It considers the scientific challenges and highlights the ethical, legal, and social issues that will likely arise should behavioral genetic data become available (or be perceived as such) and are routinely incorporated in student education records. These include: when to disclose students' behavioral and psychiatric genetic profile; whose genomic privacy is protected and by whom; and how students' genetic data may affect education-related decisions. I argue that the introduction of behavioral genetics in schools may overshadow the need to address underlying structural and environmental factors that increase the risk for psychiatric conditions of all students, and that the unregulated use of student behavioral genetic profiles may lead to unintended consequences that are detrimental for individuals, families and communities. Relevant stakeholders-from parents and students to health professionals, educators, and policy-makers-ought to consider these issues before we forge ahead with a genomically informed education system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Sabatello
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Bioethics and Co-Director, Precision Medicine: Ethics, Politics, and Culture Project, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
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Chung BHY, Tao VQ, Tso WWY. Copy number variation and autism: New insights and clinical implications. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Connolly JJ, Glessner JT, Almoguera B, Crosslin DR, Jarvik GP, Sleiman PM, Hakonarson H. Copy number variation analysis in the context of electronic medical records and large-scale genomics consortium efforts. Front Genet 2014; 5:51. [PMID: 24672537 PMCID: PMC3957100 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to review recent research on copy number variations (CNVs) and their association with complex and rare diseases. In the latter part of this paper, we focus on how large biorepositories such as the electronic medical record and genomics (eMERGE) consortium may be best leveraged to systematically mine for potentially pathogenic CNVs, and we end with a discussion of how such variants might be reported back for inclusion in electronic medical records as part of medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Connolly
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Berta Almoguera
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Crosslin
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Solberg R, Escobar J, Arduini A, Torres-Cuevas I, Lahoz A, Sastre J, Saugstad OD, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Quintás G. Metabolomic Analysis of the Effect of Postnatal Hypoxia on the Retina in a Newly Born Piglet Model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66540. [PMID: 23823578 PMCID: PMC3688918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of reliable biomarkers of brain injury secondary to birth asphyxia could substantially improve clinical grading, therapeutic intervention strategies, and prognosis. In this study, changes in the metabolome of retinal tissue caused by profound hypoxia in an established neonatal piglet model were investigated using an ultra performance liquid chromatography - quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) untargeted metabolomic approach, which included Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) multivariate data analysis. The initial identification of a set of discriminant metabolites from UPLC-QTOFMS data was confirmed by target UPLC-MS/MS and allowed the selection of endogenous CDP-choline as a promising candidate biomarker for hypoxia-derived brain damage assessing intensity of retinal hypoxia. Results from this study will foster further research on CDP-choline changes occurring during resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rønnaug Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Escobar
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Arduini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Cuevas
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Hepatología Experimental y Trasplante Hepático, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Leitat Technological Center, Bio In Vitro Division, Barcelona, Spain
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Sun J, Beger RD, Schnackenberg LK. Metabolomics as a tool for personalizing medicine: 2012 update. Per Med 2013; 10:149-161. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors in conjunction with an individual’s genetic make up will determine predisposition to disease, adverse or beneficial effects of drug treatment or therapy, and disease progression. A major limitation of current clinical measures is that the disease phenotype, which is comprised of the genotype and other environmental factors, is underestimated. Rather, each disease is treated similarly even though the disease process is highly complex. Methods that evaluate the interaction of genotype and environmental factors would likely be a better indicator of patients’ response to medical treatments. The omics technologies, specifically metabolomics, will play a major role in the movement towards personalized medicine. Metabolomics is phenotype driven and should provide better clinical biomarkers. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that associations between genetic variants and downstream metabolite changes can provide a unique description of an individual’s genotype and phenotype, which will further enhance the movement towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Laura K Schnackenberg
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Abdul-Karim R, Berkman BE, Wendler D, Rid A, Khan J, Badgett T, Hull SC. Disclosure of incidental findings from next-generation sequencing in pediatric genomic research. Pediatrics 2013; 131:564-71. [PMID: 23400601 PMCID: PMC3581837 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies will likely be used with increasing frequency in pediatric research. One consequence will be the increased identification of individual genomic research findings that are incidental to the aims of the research. Although researchers and ethicists have raised theoretical concerns about incidental findings in the context of genetic research, next-generation sequencing will make this once largely hypothetical concern an increasing reality. Most commentators have begun to accept the notion that there is some duty to disclose individual genetic research results to research subjects; however, the scope of that duty remains unclear. These issues are especially complicated in the pediatric setting, where subjects cannot currently but typically will eventually be able to make their own medical decisions at the age of adulthood. This article discusses the management of incidental findings in the context of pediatric genomic research. We provide an overview of the current literature and propose a framework to manage incidental findings in this unique context, based on what we believe is a limited responsibility to disclose. We hope this will be a useful source of guidance for investigators, institutional review boards, and bioethicists that anticipates the complicated ethical issues raised by advances in genomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin E. Berkman
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, and
| | | | - Annette Rid
- Department of Social Science, Health, and Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Javed Khan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland
| | - Tom Badgett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sara Chandros Hull
- Department of Bioethics, Clinical Center
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, and
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Dagle JM, Murray JC. Applying deep DNA sequencing to common, complex pediatric traits. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e1677-8. [PMID: 23166345 PMCID: PMC3507258 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Departments of Pediatrics,,Biology,,Nursing, and,Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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