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O'Neill L, Sim I, O'Hare D, Whitaker J, Mukherjee RK, Niederer S, Wright M, Ezzat V, Rosenthal E, Jones MI, Frigiola A, O'Neill MD, Williams SE. Provocation and localization of atrial ectopy in patients with atrial septal defects. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 65:227-237. [PMID: 35737208 PMCID: PMC9550781 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial septal defects (ASDs), but the mechanism of arrhythmia in these patients is poorly understood. We hypothesised that right-sided atrial ectopy may predominate in this cohort. Here, we aimed to localise the origin of spontaneous and provoked atrial ectopy in ASD patients. Methods Following invasive calibration of P-wave axes, 24-h Holter monitoring was used to determine the chamber of origin of spontaneous atrial ectopy. Simultaneous electrogram recording from multiple intra-cardiac catheters was used to determine the chamber of origin of isoprenaline-provoked ectopy. Comparison was made to a group of non-congenital heart disease AF patients. Results Amongst ASD patients, a right-sided origin for spontaneous atrial ectopy was significantly more prevalent than a left-sided origin (24/30 patients with right-sided ectopy vs. 14/30 with left-sided ectopy, P = 0.015). Amongst AF patients, there was no difference in the prevalence of spontaneous right vs. left-sided ectopy. For isoprenaline-provoked ectopy, there was no significant difference in the proportions of patients with right-sided or left-sided ectopy in either group. Conclusions When spontaneous atrial ectopy occurs in ASD patients, it is significantly more prevalent from a right-sided than left-sided origin. Isoprenaline infusion did not reveal the predilection for right-sided ectopy during electrophysiology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa O'Neill
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Iain Sim
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Daniel O'Hare
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - John Whitaker
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rahul K Mukherjee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Steven Niederer
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Matthew Wright
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark D O'Neill
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Steven E Williams
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, 4thFloor North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ifedili I, Mouksian K, Jones D, El Masri I, Heckle M, Jefferies J, Levine YC. Ablation Therapy for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e290721195115. [PMID: 34325644 PMCID: PMC9413731 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210729101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of electrical disturbance of the heart and contributes to significant patient morbidity and mortality. With a better understanding of the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and improvements in mapping and ablation technologies, ablation has become a preferred therapy for patients with symptomatic AF. Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone for AF ablation therapy, but particularly in patients with AF occurring for longer than 7 days (persistent AF), identifying clinically significant nonpulmonary vein targets and achieving durability of ablation lesions remains an important challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Ifedili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - David Jones
- Methodist le Bonheur Cardiovascular Institute, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ibrahim El Masri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Heckle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John Jefferies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yehoshua C Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Lim B, Park JW, Hwang M, Ryu AJ, Kim IS, Yu HT, Joung B, Shim EB, Pak HN. Electrophysiological significance of the interatrial conduction including cavo-tricuspid isthmus during atrial fibrillation. J Physiol 2020; 598:3597-3612. [PMID: 32495943 DOI: 10.1113/jp279660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The interatrial conduction, including Bachmann's bundle, the posterior septal conduction, the anterior septal conduction, and the cavo-tricuspid isthmus, contributes to the maintenance mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in a 3D biatrial model. The interatrial conduction ablation including a cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation significantly affects the wave dynamics of atrial fibrillation (AF) and facilitates the AF termination or atrial tachycardia conversion of the AF after the circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. Additional cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation after the circumferential pulmonary vein isolation improves long-term rhythm outcome after clinical AF catheter ablation. ABSTRACT Although it is known that atrial fibrillation (AF) is mainly a left atrial (LA) disease, the role of the right atrium (RA) and interatrial conduction (IAC), including the cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI), has not been clearly defined. We tested AF wave dynamics with or without IAC in computational modelling and the rhythm outcome of AF catheter ablation (AFCA) including CTI ablation in clinical cohort data. We evaluated the dominant frequency (DF) in 3D biatrial AF simulations integrated with 3D-computed tomograms obtained from 10 patients. The IAC was implemented at Bachmann's bundle, posterior septum and the CTI. After virtual circumferential PV isolation (CPVI), we disconnected IACs one by one, and observed the wave dynamics. We compared the long-term rhythm outcome after CPVI alone and additional CTI ablation in 846 patients with AFCA. LA-DF was higher than RA-DF in AF (P < 0.001). After CPVI, the DF decreased significantly by additional IAC ablation (P = 0.003), especially in the LA (P = 0.016). The amount of DF reduction (P = 0.020) and rates of AF termination (P < 0.001) or AT conversion (P = 0.021) were significantly higher after IAC ablations including CTI than those without. In clinical AFCA, the AF recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients with additional CTI ablation than CPVI alone during 25 ± 20 months' follow-up (hazard ratio 0.60 [0.46-0.79], P < 0.001, Log rank P < 0.001). IAC contributes to the maintenance mechanism of AF, and IAC including CTI ablation affects AF wave dynamics, facilitating AF termination in 3D biatrial modelling. Additional CTI ablation after CPVI improves the long-term rhythm outcome in clinical AFCA, potentially in a paroxysmal type with accompanying atrial flutter, or atrial dimension close to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byounghyun Lim
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Wook Park
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ah-Jin Ryu
- Silicon Sapiens, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Matthews GDK, Grace AA. Unmasking Adenosine: The Purinergic Signalling Molecule Critical to Arrhythmia Pathophysiology and Management. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2020; 8:240-248. [PMID: 32685154 PMCID: PMC7358948 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2019.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine was identified in 1929 and immediately recognised as having a potential role in therapy for arrhythmia because of its negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects. Adenosine entered mainstream use in the 1980s as a highly effective agent for the termination of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) involving the atrioventricular node, as well as for its ability to unmask the underlying rhythm in other SVTs. Adenosine has subsequently been found to have applications in interventional electrophysiology. While considered a safe agent because of its short half-life, adenosine may provoke arrhythmias in the form of AF, bradyarrhythmia and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Adenosine is also associated with bronchospasm, although this may reflect irritant-induced dyspnoea rather than true obstruction. Adenosine is linked to numerous pathologies relevant to arrhythmia predisposition, including heart failure, obesity, ischaemia and the ageing process itself. This article examines 90 years of experience with adenosine in the light of new European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth DK Matthews
- Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew A Grace
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Tachycardia-induced CD44/NOX4 signaling is involved in the development of atrial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 135:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Malhi N, Hawkins NM, Andrade JG, Krahn AD, Deyell MW. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:1049-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nav Malhi
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Nathaniel M. Hawkins
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jason G. Andrade
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Andrew D. Krahn
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Marc W. Deyell
- Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Abstract
The hyperinflation of isoproterenol, a 75-year-old drug, in early 2015 was unbelievable. The attention of health-care professionals, health system administrators, legislators, and the general public was quickly focused on Valeant Pharmaceuticals, purchaser of several generics solely to raise their price. With isoproterenol easily launched toward the top of drug expenditures, pharmacists in many hospitals were forced to engage stakeholders in the investigation and implementation of alternatives, explore utilization and optimize inventory, reduce cost through sterile product preparation, where possible, restrict use to settings that were beneficial to their budget, and become legislative advocates. The alternatives drugs and strategies will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D'Ambrosi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nilesh Amin
- 1 Department of Pharmacy Services, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
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Omega-3 Index and Anti-Arrhythmic Potential of Omega-3 PUFAs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111191. [PMID: 29084142 PMCID: PMC5707663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are permanent subjects of interest in relation to the protection of cardiovascular health and the prevention of the incidence of both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. The purpose of this updated review is to focus on the novel cellular and molecular effects of omega-3 PUFAs, in the context of the mechanisms and factors involved in the development of cardiac arrhythmias; to provide results of the most recent studies on the omega-3 PUFA anti-arrhythmic efficacy and to discuss the lack of the benefit in relation to omega-3 PUFA status. The evidence is in the favor of omega-3 PUFA acute and long-term treatment, perhaps with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. However, for a more objective evaluation of the anti-arrhythmic potential of omega-3 PUFAs in clinical trials, it is necessary to monitor the basal pre-interventional omega-3 status of individuals, i.e., red blood cell content, omega-3 index and free plasma levels. In the view of evidence-based medicine, it seems to be crucial to aim to establish new approaches in the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias and associated morbidity and mortality that comes with these conditions.
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