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Liang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Song J, Jin J, Qian H. Anticancer applications of phytochemicals in gastric cancer: Effects and molecular mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1078090. [PMID: 36712679 PMCID: PMC9877357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common malignant cancer and is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Phytochemicals have been shown to be a rational, safe, non-toxic, and very promising approach to the prevention and treatment of cancer. It has been found that phytochemicals have protective effects against GC through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, suppressing cell invasion and migration, anti-angiogenesis, inhibit Helicobacter pylori infection, regulating the microenvironment. In recent years, the role of phytochemicals in the occurrence, development, drug resistance and prognosis of GC has attracted more and more attention. In order to better understand the relationship between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, we briefly summarize the roles and functions of phytochemicals in GC tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. This review will probably help guide the public to prevent the occurrence and development of GC through phytochemicals, and develop functional foods or drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
| | - Hui Qian
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Chang Zhou, China,Department of laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofeng Liang, ; Jianhua Jin, ; Hui Qian,
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2
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Chen J, Xu B, Sun J, Jiang X, Bai W. Anthocyanin supplement as a dietary strategy in cancer prevention and management: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7242-7254. [PMID: 33872094 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1913092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments proven to be beneficial in the vast majority of health problems with no side effects. In this review, the latest progress on the cancer prevention and management of anthocyanins in treating cancers ranked in the top 5 of incidence and mortality was summarized, and the interaction and corresponding mechanisms were established based on a systematic review of electronic libraries. Several studies have revealed that anthocyanins have positive impact on human health with anti-cancer capacity. This review aimed to accumulate the evidence on the anti-cancer effects of anthocyanins, corresponding mechanisms and limitation of anthocyanins on cancer prevention and management. Notably, this review updated the latest studies on cancer prevention and management of anthocyanins and also inputted the future perspectives and the demanding questions for the possible contribution of anthocyanins as anti-cancer adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Dharmawansa KS, Hoskin DW, Rupasinghe HPV. Chemopreventive Effect of Dietary Anthocyanins against Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186555. [PMID: 32911639 PMCID: PMC7554903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of dietary polyphenols, abundant mainly in fruits and their products. Dietary interventions of anthocyanins are being studied extensively related to the prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, among many other chronic disorders. This review summarizes the hereditary and non-hereditary characteristics of GI cancers, chemistry, and bioavailability of anthocyanins, and the most recent findings of anthocyanin in GI cancer prevention through modulating cellular signaling pathways. GI cancer-preventive attributes of anthocyanins are primarily due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties, and their ability to regulate gene expression and metabolic pathways, as well as induce the apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Surangi Dharmawansa
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-893-6623
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Paramanantham A, Kim MJ, Jung EJ, Kim HJ, Chang SH, Jung JM, Hong SC, Shin SC, Kim GS, Lee WS. Anthocyanins Isolated from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Akt and NF-κB Activation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163623. [PMID: 32784919 PMCID: PMC7466154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins isolated from Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (Meoru in Korea) (AIMs) have various anti-cancer properties by inhibiting Akt and NF-κB which are involved in drug resistance. Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the popular anti-cancer agents. Studies reported that MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have high resistance to CDDP compared to other breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we confirmed CDDP resistance of MCF-7 cells and tested whether AIMs can overcome CDDP resistance of MCF-7 cells. Cell viability assay revealed that MCF-7 cells were more resistant to CDDP treatment than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exhibiting aggressive and high cancer stem cell phenotype. AIMs significantly augmented the efficacy of CDDP with synergistic effects on MCF-7 cells. Molecularly, Western blot analysis revealed that CDDP strongly increased Akt and moderately reduced p-NF-κB and p-IκB and that AIMs inhibited CDDP-induced Akt activation, and augmented CDDP-induced reduction of p-NF-κB and p-IκB in MCF-7 cells. In addition, AIMs significantly downregulated an anti-apoptotic protein, XIAP, and augmented PARP-1 cleavage in CDDP-treated MCF-7 cells. Moreover, under TNF-α treatment, AIMs augmented CDDP efficacy with inhibition of NF-κB activation on MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, AIMs enhanced CDDP sensitivity by inhibiting Akt and NF-κB activity of MCF-7 cells that show relative intrinsic CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Eun Joo Jung
- Departments of Biochemistry Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Seong-Hwan Chang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: or (W.S.L.); (G.S.K.); Tel.: +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.K.)
- Correspondence: or (W.S.L.); (G.S.K.); Tel.: +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
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Eng Khoo H, Meng Lim S, Azlan A. Evidence-Based Therapeutic Effects of Anthocyanins from Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2019.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lim WC, Kim H, Ko H. Delphinidin inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9887-9899. [PMID: 30537288 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), important cellular process in metastasis of primary tumors, is characterized by loss of their cell polarity, disruption of cell-cell adhesion, and gain certain properties of mesenchymal phenotype that enable migration and invasion. Delphinidin is a member of anthocyanidin belong to flavonoid groups, known as having pharmacological and physiological effects including anti-tumorigenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects. However, the effects of delphinidin on EMT is rarely investigated. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known as a crucial inducer of EMT in various cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine whether delphinidin inhibits EGF-induced EMT in HCC cells, antiproliferative effect of delphinidin on Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. As a result, delphinidin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the result of proliferation, to measure the effects of delphinidin on EGF-induced EMT, we designated a proper concentration of delphinidin, which is not affected to cell proliferation. We found that delphinidin inhibits morphological changes from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype by EGF. Moreover, delphinidin increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of E-cadherin and decreased those of Vimentin and Snail in EGF-induced HCC cells. Also, delphinidin prevented motility and invasiveness of EGF-induced HCC cells through suppressing activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2, EGF receptor (EGFR), AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that delphinidin inhibits EGF-induced EMT by inhibiting EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathway in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
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Phytochemicals: Current strategy to sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:518-527. [PMID: 30530287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimens are the most frequently used adjuvant treatments for many types of cancer. However, the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin results in treatment failure. Despite the significant developments in understanding the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance, effective strategies to enhance the chemosensitivity of cisplatin are lacking. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant-based compounds that can augment the anti-cancer activity of cisplatin, with minimal side effects. Notably, some novel phytochemicals, such as curcumin, not only increase the efficacy of cisplatin but also decrease toxicity induced by cisplatin. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In this review, we discussed the progress made in utilizing phytochemicals to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of cisplatin. We also presented some ideal phytochemicals as novel agents for counteracting cisplatin-induced organ damage.
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2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, isolation and identification of anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory component from the juice of Vitis coignetiae. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:172-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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MicroRNA-451 sensitizes lung cancer cells to cisplatin through regulation of Mcl-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:85-91. [PMID: 27686452 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer, chemoresistance of cisplatin (DPP) is one of the major hindrances in treatment of this malignancy. The microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to mediate chemotherapy drug resistance. MiR-451 as a tumor suppressor has been evaluated its potential effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to DDP. However, the role of miR-451 in regulatory mechanism of chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells is still largely unknown. In this study, we first constructed a cisplatin-resistant A549 cell line (A549/DPP) accompanied with a decreased expression of miR-451 and an increased expression of Mcl-1in the drug resistant cells compared with the parental cells. Exogenous expression of miR-451 level in A549/DPP was found to sensitize their reaction to the treatment of cisplatin, which coincides with reduced expression of Mcl-1. Interestingly, Mcl-1 knockdown in A549/DPP cells increased the chemosensitivity to DPP, suggesting the dependence of Mcl-1 regulation in miR-451 activity. Moreover, miR-451 can restore cisplatin treatment response in cisplatin-resistant xenografts in vivo, while Mcl-1 protein levels were decreased. Thus, these findings provided that in lung cancer cells, tumor suppressor miR-451 enhanced DPP sensitivity via regulation of Mcl-1 expression, which could be served as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chemotherapy resistant in lung cancer.
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Efficacy comparison of lyophilised black raspberries and combination of celecoxib and PBIT in prevention of carcinogen-induced oesophageal cancer in rats. J Funct Foods 2016; 27:84-94. [PMID: 28553369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and mechanism of lyophilized black raspberries (BRB) versus the combination of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, and S,S'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT), a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor in inhibition of carcinogen-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats. Our data indicated that tumor multiplicity and histologic grade of esophageal precancerous lesions were reduced in animals fed BRB compared to those fed celecoxib + PBIT. The mechanistic studies showed that BRB and its major anthocyanin suppressed cell proliferation and oncogenic signaling. Our findings demonstrated that dietary BRB is superior to the combination of two pharmaceutical drugs in esophageal cancer prevention. These observations suggest the potential value of translational studies using BRB food products for esophageal cancer prevention in humans, particularly those with high-risk premalignant lesions.
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Liu X, Yao Z. Chronic over-nutrition and dysregulation of GSK3 in diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:49. [PMID: 27493677 PMCID: PMC4972972 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cellular response to hormonal regulation in maintaining metabolic homeostasis is common in the process of aging. Chronic over-nutrition may render cells insensitive to such a hormonal regulation owing to overstimulation of certain signaling pathways, thus accelerating aging and causing diseases. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays a pivotal role in relaying various extracellular and intracellular regulatory signals critical to cell growth, survival, regeneration, or death. The main signaling pathway regulating GSK3 activity through serine-phosphorylation is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/Akt relay that catalyzes serine-phosphorylation and thus inactivation of GSK3. In addition, perilipin 2 (PLIN2) has recently been shown to regulate GSK3 activation through direct association with GSK3. This review summarizes current understanding on environmental and nutritional factors contributing to GSK3 regulation (or dysregulation) through the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/GSK3 axis, and highlights the newly discovered role that PLIN2 plays in regulating GSK3 activity and GSK3 downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunxian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
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Wu CH, Huang CC, Hung CH, Yao FY, Wang CJ, Chang YC. Delphinidin-rich extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. trigger mitochondria-derived autophagy and necrosis through reactive oxygen species in human breast cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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