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Zhang H, Wang P, Wang X, Shi L, Fan Z, Zhang G, Yang D, Bahavar CF, Zhou F, Chen WR, Wang X. Antitumor Effects of DC Vaccine With ALA-PDT-Induced Immunogenic Apoptotic Cells for Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818785275. [PMID: 30025490 PMCID: PMC6053869 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818785275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted immunotherapy using dendritic cell vaccine has been employed for the treatment
of solid tumors. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy, an
established approach for topical cancers, can induce an effective antitumor immune
response. We have previously shown that 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic
therapy–induced tumor lysates could considerably enhance antigen-presenting capacity of
ex vivo-generated dendritic cells. The current study further
demonstrates that 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy dendritic cell
vaccine can induce immune responses against cancers. Dendritic cells pulsed by
photodynamic therapy–treated skin squamous cell carcinoma cells inhibited squamous cell
carcinoma to a greater extent than tumor lysates treated by photodynamic therapy alone or
dendritic cells pulsed by freeze–thawed treated tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry showed
that photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine could increase the activity of
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor implantation sites. Flow
cytometry assays showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleens of
photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine immunized mice increased significantly.
Furthermore, we observed increased amounts of interleukin 12 and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
and decreased amounts of interleukin 10 in the splenocytes and peripheral blood of
photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine immunized mice by enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA). Taken together, our findings suggest that photodynamic therapy dendritic
cell vaccination is an effective prophylactic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixia Fan
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Degang Yang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cody F Bahavar
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Feifan Zhou
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Wei R Chen
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Flaherty DC, Jalas JR, Sim MS, Stojadinovic A, Protic M, Lee DJ, Bilchik AJ. The Negative Impact of Body Mass Index on the Tumor Microenvironment in Colon Cancer: Results of a Prospective Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Falcon BL, Chintharlapalli S, Uhlik MT, Pytowski B. Antagonist antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) as anti-angiogenic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:204-25. [PMID: 27288725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of numerous signaling pathways in endothelial and mesangial cells results in exquisite control of the process of physiological angiogenesis, with a central role played by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and its cognate ligands. However, deregulated angiogenesis participates in numerous pathological processes. Excessive activation of VEGFR-2 has been found to mediate tissue-damaging vascular changes as well as the induction of blood vessel expansion to support the growth of solid tumors. Consequently, therapeutic intervention aimed at inhibiting the VEGFR-2 pathway has become a mainstay of treatment in cancer and retinal diseases. In this review, we introduce the concepts of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the crucial role played by the VEGFR-2 pathway in these processes, and the various inhibitors of its activity that have entered the clinical practice. We primarily focus on the development of ramucirumab, the antagonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits VEGFR-2 and has recently been approved for use in patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. We examine in-depth the pre-clinical studies using DC101, the mAb to mouse VEGFR-2, which provided a conceptual foundation for the role of VEGFR-2 in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Finally, we discuss further clinical development of ramucirumab and the future of targeting the VEGF pathway for the treatment of cancer.
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Giampieri R, Caporale M, Pietrantonio F, De Braud F, Negri FV, Giuliani F, Pusceddu V, Demurtas L, Restivo A, Fontanella C, Aprile G, Cascinu S, Scartozzi M. Second-line angiogenesis inhibition in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: Straightforward or overcrowded? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:99-106. [PMID: 26907512 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the number of therapeutic options targeting tumour angiogenesis is becoming increasingly relevant, the question of the optimal choice for second-line anti-angiogenic inhibition in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients remains largely unanswered. In fact the lack of head to head comparison between consolidated options such as bevacizumab and new treatment alternatives such as aflibercept and ramucirumab makes the selection in the clinical practice challenging, particularly when the patient has already received an anti-angiogenic-based combination up-front. In the following pages we described the biological scenario validating second-line angiogenesis inhibition in colorectal cancer along with potential mechanism of resistance. We also critically described the available evidence recommending the use of the bevacizumab, aflibercept and ramucirumab in this setting with the final aim to guide the choice in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giampieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Caporale
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Filippo De Braud
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology,University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology,University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, AOU "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology,University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Flaherty DC, Lavotshkin S, Jalas JR, Torisu-Itakura H, Kirchoff DD, Sim MS, Lee DJ, Bilchik AJ. Prognostic Utility of Immunoprofiling in Colon Cancer: Results from a Prospective, Multicenter Nodal Ultrastaging Trial. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 223:134-40. [PMID: 27282965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective data indicate that immunoprofiling of T cell markers can be prognostic in colon cancer. Prospective T cell immunoprofiling of colon cancer has not been well defined for patients whose lymph nodes are ultrastaged. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort was selected from patients enrolled in an ongoing phase II multicenter trial of nodal ultrastaging for colon cancer. Primary tumor specimens from 89 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the T cells CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and FOXP3(+). Lymphocyte populations were quantified with digital image analysis. Results were examined for their association with 5-year disease-free survival along with TNM stage and clinicopathologic variables. RESULTS Longer disease-free survival was associated with higher CD3(+) counts at the invasive margin (IM) (p = 0.005), higher CD8(+) counts at the tumor center (TC) and IM (p = 0.002), a lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio at the TC+IM (p = 0.027), and a higher CD8(+)/FOXP3(+) ratio at the TC+IM (p = 0.020). After multivariable analysis, CD8(+) at the TC+IM (p = 0.002), the CD8(+)/FOXP3(+) ratio at the TC+IM (p = 0.004), and the number of tumor-positive lymph nodes (p = 0.003) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective demonstration of the prognostic utility of immunoprofiling in colon cancer after nodal ultrastaging. Staging based on tumor immunoprofile can augment TNM staging and provide targets for specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin C Flaherty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Simon Lavotshkin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - John R Jalas
- Department of Pathology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Hitoe Torisu-Itakura
- Melanoma Research Program and Department of Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Daniel D Kirchoff
- Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Myung S Sim
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research and Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Anton J Bilchik
- Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; California Oncology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA.
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