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Sandra SM, Sreekanth GB, Ranjeet K. Trophic fingerprinting of a pristine but rapidly deteriorating downstream region of a Western Ghats River. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1008. [PMID: 37523024 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chalakudy River is renowned for its pristine waters and rich ichthyofaunal biodiversity. The downstream area of the river is confronting a series of risks, including pollution, saline water ingression, sand mining, illegal and intensified fishing practices, and invasion of exotic and alien species. A mass balanced ecosystem model was constructed for the downstream region of Chalakudy River (DCR) using Ecopath with Ecosim (EWE), incorporating 12 functional groups to delineate the food web and network flow indices for the period 2020 to 2021. The trophic level (TL) of the ecosystem network ranged from TL-1 (detritus) to TL-3.4 (birds). High fishing pressure is one possible cause for the high ecotrophic efficiency values as evidenced by the fish groups. Both the grazing food chain and detritus food chain (detritivory: herbivory ratio 0.94) contributed more or less equal to the energy transfer between TL. Network analysis of the model indicated a mean transfer efficiency of 12%, with shares from primary producers (14%) and detritus (11%). A mixed trophic impact analysis demonstrated a strong positive impact of primary producers and detritus groups on most of the other ecological groups at higher trophic levels. The DCR model showed a high system throughput (32,464.7 t km-2 year-1), low system omnivory (0.09), low connectance index (0.36), low Finn's cycling index (4.9), and mean path length (2.8), low relative ascendency (37.5%), and high system overhead (62.5%). These indices propound that DCR is an immature and developing ecosystem with moderate strength in reserve to resist external perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G B Sreekanth
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, Goa, 403402, India
| | - K Ranjeet
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, 682 506, India.
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Grmasha RA, Abdulameer MH, Stenger-Kovács C, Al-Sareji OJ, Al-Gazali Z, Al-Juboori RA, Meiczinger M, Hashim KS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface water and sediment along Euphrates River system: Occurrence, sources, ecological and health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114568. [PMID: 36638718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presented for the first time a comprehensive measurement campaign of 16 PAHs along the Euphrates River for five months, in both water and sediment samples. Our study revealed that the PAHs contamination increased along the flow direction due to the increasing non-point pollution and the return flows of agriculture. The 5-6 rings PAHs were dominant in water and sediment samples with an average of 42 % and 50 %, respectively. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggest that the pollution of these compounds originated mainly from petroleum product combustions. The carcinogenic PAHs formed 46 % and 55 % of the total measured compounds in water and sediment samples, respectively, which highlights potential ecological and human health risks. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), most sites exhibit an effect range between low and medium. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adult and children were in the 10-2-10-3 range, which is 3-6-fold higher than what was reported in the literature. These observations call for urgent attention from environmental authorities of countries sharing this key water source in Western Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayah Ali Grmasha
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq.
| | | | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; ELKH-PE Limnoecology Research Group, H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem utca 10, Hungary
| | - Osamah J Al-Sareji
- Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprem H, 8200, Hungary
| | - Zaid Al-Gazali
- Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Ministry of health, Al-Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mónika Meiczinger
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprem H, 8200, Hungary
| | - Khalid S Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Iraq
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Lee CC, Chen CS, Wang ZX, Tien CJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 30 river ecosystems, Taiwan: Sources, and ecological and human health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148867. [PMID: 34328933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse contaminants of global concern because of their ubiquity, toxicity, and carcinogenicity to many organisms, including humans. This study determines the distribution and sources of PAHs in sediments and fish from 30 major rivers in Taiwan, and the risks these PAHs pose to river ecosystems and human health. The total concentrations of 26 PAHs in sediments and fish were 0.016-7.44 mg/kg dw and 0.096-5.51 mg/kg ww, respectively. The PAH composition in sediments differed from that in fish, indicating that sediments may not be the major contributor of PAHs to fish. The accumulation of different PAH compounds in fish was species-specific, depending on the lipid content, living pattern, and trophic level of each fish species, and on the level of environmental contamination. The diagnostic ratios revealed that PAHs in the sediment primarily originated from pyrogenic sources, with some contribution from petrogenic sources. The contribution of each source varied with the sampling site and season. Several water and air quality variables were found to significantly correlate with PAH concentration in sediments and fish, suggesting that PAHs were mainly derived from wastewater discharge and combustion emissions. The 95th percentile risk quotient values suggested that PAHs in sediment from six rivers pose high ecotoxicological risks. The toxic equivalents of benzo[a]pyrene for 16 PAHs in fish were 12-108 μg/kg dw. A human risk assessment using the 95th percentile values of hazard quotient, hazard index, and margin of exposure revealed that the consumption of contaminated fish muscle poses no remarkable risk to human health. However, the 95th percentile carcinogenic risk values indicated that benzo[a]pyrene concentrations in some fish muscles may pose a carcinogenic risk. Benzo[a]pyrene risk management measures are, therefore, necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic substances, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Colin S Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shen-Chung Road, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shen-Chung Road, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Tien
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62, Shen-Chung Road, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
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Comparison of temperate and tropical versions of Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index for assessing water quality of River Aturukuku in Eastern Uganda. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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