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Arruebo-Rivera PL, Castillo-Alfonso F, Troya A, Cárdenas-Moreno Y, Pérez-Ramos P, González-Bacerio J, Seijas JMG, Del Monte-Martínez A. Modeling and Experimental Validation of Algorithms for Maximum Quantity of Protein to be Immobilized on Solid Supports by Electrostatic Adsorption in the Strategy of Rational Design of Immobilized Derivatives. Protein J 2021; 40:576-588. [PMID: 33973097 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein immobilization by electrostatic adsorption to a support could represent a good option. On the other hand, lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) is a little and basic protein. The objective of this work was to test the functionality of the strategy of Rational Design of Immobilized Derivatives for the immobilization by electrostatic adsorption of egg white lysozyme on SP-Sepharose FastFlow support. The RDID1.0 software was used to predict the superficial lysozyme clusters, the electrostatic configuration probability for each cluster, and the theoretical and estimated maximum quantity of protein to be immobilized. In addition, immobilization was performed and the experimental parameter practical maximum quantity of protein to be immobilized and the enzymatic activity of the immobilized derivative were assessed. The estimated maximum quantity of protein to be immobilized (9.49 protein mg/support g) was close to the experimental practical maximum quantity of protein to be immobilized (14.73 ± 0.09 protein mg/support g). The enzymatic activity assay with the chitosan substrate showed the catalytic functionality of the lysozyme-SP-Sepharose immobilized derivative (35.85 ± 3.07 U/support g), which preserved 78% functional activity. The used algorithm to calculate the estimated maximum quantity of protein to be immobilized works for other proteins, porous solid supports and immobilization methods, and this parameter has a high predictive value, useful for obtaining optimum immobilized derivatives. The applied methodology is valid to predict the most probable protein-support configurations and their catalytic competences, which concur with the experimental results. The produced biocatalyst had a high retention of functional activity. This indicates its functionality in enzymatic bioconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Arruebo-Rivera
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Freddy Castillo-Alfonso
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.,Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales E Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amanda Troya
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.,Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, San Lázaro y L, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yosberto Cárdenas-Moreno
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.,Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Patricia Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, San Lázaro y L, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
| | - José M Guisán Seijas
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Del Monte-Martínez
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, #455, e/ J e I, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba.
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Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C, Ravera E. Orientation of immobilized antigens on common surfaces by a simple computational model: Exposition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD epitopes. Biophys Chem 2020; 265:106441. [PMID: 32745829 PMCID: PMC7387289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of immobilizing a protein with antigenic properties on a solid support offers significant possibilities in the development of immunosensors and vaccine formulations. For both applications, the orientation of the antigen should ensure ready accessibility of the antibodies to the epitope. However, an experimental assessment of the orientational preferences necessarily proceeds through the preparation/isolation of the antigen, the immobilization on different surfaces and one or more biophysical characterization steps. To predict a priori whether favorable orientations can be achieved or not would allow one to select the most promising experimental routes, partly mitigating the time cost towards the final product. In this manuscript, we apply a simple computational model, based on united-residue modelling, to the prediction of the orientation of the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on surfaces commonly used in lateral-flow devices. These calculations can account for the experimental observation that direct immobilization on gold gives sufficient exposure of the epitope to obtain a response in immunochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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