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Ullrich K, Patel BCK, Malhotra R. Material risk: vitreoretinal surgery, evisceration, enucleation and sympathetic ophthalmia-where are we currently? Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3542-3550. [PMID: 37198435 PMCID: PMC10686393 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is known to occur after severe penetrating eye injury, evisceration and even enucleation surgery. Recent evidence suggests that a greater risk lies after multiple vitreoretinal procedures. The risk of SO following evisceration is only minimally greater than that following enucleation surgery. This review evaluates literature on SO to date and provides figures for the risk of developing SO for the purposes of the consent process. The issue of SO and Material Risk following vitreoretinal surgery is reviewed and figures for the purposes of consent are outlined. This is of particular relevance for patients in whom the contralateral eye is and will likely remain the better seeing eye. Sympathetic ophthalmitis is known to occur after severe penetrating eye injury, after evisceration and enucleation. More recently, sympathetic ophthalmitis has been recognised to occur after vitreoretinal surgery. This article reviews the evidence on material risk when consenting patients for elective and emergency eye procedures after ocular trauma or surgery. When a globe needs to be removed because of irreparable ocular injury, previous publications dictated the procedure to be an enucleation because of the fear of an increased risk of SO after an evisceration. Perhaps the issue of material risk of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) remains over-emphasised by ophthalmic plastic surgeons and under-recognised by vitreoretinal surgeons during the consent process for evisceration, enucleation and vitreoretinal surgery. Antecedent trauma and number of previous surgeries may actually be a more significant risk factor than the type of eye removal. Recent medicolegal cases also help us understand the importance of the discussion of this risk. We present our current understanding of the risk of SO after different procedures and suggest how this information may be included in a patient consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ullrich
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville, SA, Australia.
| | - B C K Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK
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Chan AX, Saseendrakumar BR, Ozzello DJ, Ting M, Yoon JS, Liu CY, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Baxter SL. Social determinants associated with loss of an eye in the United States using the All of Us nationwide database. Orbit 2022; 41:739-744. [PMID: 34969350 PMCID: PMC9243193 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.2012205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify common factors associated with the loss of an eye using the NIH All of Us database. METHODS In this case-controlled study, we extracted electronic health record and socio-demographic data for 231 cases of eye loss from All of Us enrollment sites. Controls (N = 924) matched the demographic characteristics of the 2020 United States Census. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with increased odds of eye loss. OUTCOME MEASURES Medical and social determinants associated with increased odds of losing an eye. RESULTS Among cases, the average age (standard deviation) was 60.1 (14.4) years. The majority (125, 54.1%) were male. 87 (37.7%) identified as African American, and 49 (21.2%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Loss of eye was more likely in those with ocular tumor (odds ratio [OR] 421.73, 25 95% confidence interval [CI] 129.81-1959.80, p < .001), trauma (OR 13.38, 95% CI 6.64-27.43, p < .001), infection (OR 11.46, 95% CI 4.11-32.26, p = .001) or glaucoma (OR 8.33, 95% CI 4.43- 15.81, p < .001). African American (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.39-4.09, p = .002) and Hispanic or Latino (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01-3.15, p = .04) participants were disproportionately affected. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic disparities exist among those with loss of an eye from underlying conditions. Addressing health inequities may mitigate the risk of this morbid outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison X. Chan
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel J. Ozzello
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michelle Ting
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine Y. Liu
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bobby S. Korn
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sally L. Baxter
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Dave TV, Das AV, Mohapatra S, Bansal O, Ganguly A. Demography, Clinical Settings and Outcomes in Evisceration with Implant: An Electronic Medical Records Driven Analytics of 2071 Cases. Semin Ophthalmol 2022; 38:344-351. [PMID: 35675109 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2085519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the demography, clinical settings and outcomes in 2071 patients undergoing evisceration across a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network and comparison of results with the global scenario of clinical settings for evisceration. METHODS An analysis of 2071 patients undergoing evisceration and implant between 2013 and 2019. RESULTS The mean age at surgery was 39 ± 22 years. Children constituted 303(15%) of the cases. The four leading indications for surgery included painful blind eye in 760(37%), phthisis bulbi in 552(27%), staphyloma in 215(10%) and open globe injury in 195(9%) patients. The clinical settings encountered were trauma in 852(41%), ocular infection in 714(34%), glaucoma in 198(10%), post ocular surgery in 146(7%), congenital in 95(5%) and uveitis in 21(1%). Trauma and infection remained the commonest clinical settings in the urban (843,75%), rural (622,77%) and metropolitan (101,71%) areas. Decade wise distribution suggested trauma to be the commonest clinical setting in the first 4 decades and infection in the next 6 decades. The mean follow-up period was 351 ± 386 days (median 194). While trauma remained one of the commonest clinical setting in both the developed and the developing economies, painful blind eye and intractable glaucoma were other common clinical settings in the developed economies and infection was one of the leading clinical setting in the developing economies. CONCLUSION Most patients undergoing evisceration are young. The commonest indications for surgery include painful blind eye and phthisis bulbi. Trauma and infection remain the commonest clinical settings for evisceration in developed and developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjani Vivek Dave
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samir Mohapatra
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Oshin Bansal
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Facial Aesthetic, Orbit and Ocular Oncology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anasua Ganguly
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Facial Aesthetic, Orbit and Ocular Oncology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, India
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Shashidhar D, Thangarajan R, Theruveethi N, Bonkuri S. Morphological Changes in the Lacrimal Gland of Anophthalmic Socket in Relation to the Contralateral Normal Eye in Male Wistar Albino Rats: A Histopathology Study. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1816-1821. [PMID: 34138668 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1945107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the structural and functional alterations of the lacrimal gland and its tear secretion post-enucleation in Wistar rats.Method: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 15) of 8-week-old were randomly assigned into three groups viz. control, sham, and experimental group (n = 5). Rats of the experimental group were subjected to enucleation of the right eye. Under aseptic surgical conditions, with sterilized forceps, right eyeball of the rats of experimental group was exposed completely out of the socket by applying pressure on the lateral canthus of the eye. Enucleation was then achieved after holding the optic nerve tightly. The surgical procedure was similar in sham group without enucleation. Quantity of tears (Basal and reflex) secreted in both eyes in rats of all groups were measured by using Schirmer's strip, pre- and post-three weeks of enucleation. The lacrimal gland was harvested to analyze histopathological (structural) alterations.Results: Pr- and post-enucleation there was no significant difference observed in the tear volume across the groups. Histopathology of the lacrimal glands from all groups showed preserved lobular architecture with serous acini arranged in lobules, intralobular and interlobular ducts, interstitial fibro collagenous tissue. There was no glandular distortion and atrophy in experimental group.Conclusion: Enucleation do not co-relate or affect the tear volume and lacrimal gland acinar microstructural changes in an anophthalmic socket co-relating to the contralateral normal functional eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantapuram Shashidhar
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rajesh Thangarajan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. Matthew's University, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, B.W.I
| | - Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Subhashini Bonkuri
- Department of Optometry, Sushant School of Optometry, Ansal University, Gurgaon, India
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Cruzado-Sanchez D, Saavedra-Mejia LA, Tellez WA, Maquera-Torres G, Serpa-Frias S. Metastatic Intraocular Tumor Due to Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:565-570. [PMID: 33133448 PMCID: PMC7591836 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i4.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical and histopathological findings of a case of intraocular metastasis due to colorectal adenocarcinoma and to carry out a literature review. Case Report A 64-year-old man with a history of tumor resection due to infiltrating colorectal adenocarcinoma three years previously sought ophthalmological care because of severe ocular pain without response to medical treatment and progressive vision loss in the left eye. On ultrasonographic examination, there was a heterogeneous intraocular choroidal tumor, which occupied approximately 40% of the vitreous cavity, as well as peritumoral serous retinal detachment. The patient underwent left eyeball enucleation. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic tubular adenocarcinoma involving the retina and choroid that partially infiltrated the sclera and the proximal optic nerve. Conclusion The present case highlights a rare pathological entity associated with variable therapeutic schemes and survival times and poor prognosis in patients with metastatic intraocular tumors due to colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivy Cruzado-Sanchez
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis A Saavedra-Mejia
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Villarrealinos, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Walter A Tellez
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Villarrealinos, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Solon Serpa-Frias
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
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Hanada T, Hanaya R, Ummah FC, Kamisasanuki T, Kirishima M, Tanimoto A, Arita K, Yoshimoto K. Combined Transcranial-supraorbital and Transconjunctival Approach for Optic Nerve Coloboma with Ophthalmic Dysplasia Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. NMC Case Rep J 2019; 7:1-4. [PMID: 31938674 PMCID: PMC6957772 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2018-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 59-year-old woman with optic nerve coloboma and ophthalmic dysplasia associated with rheumatoid arthritis. She experienced progressive visual dysfunction over the course of several years and presented with headache and pain in the left eye. Since infancy the visual acuity of her left eye had been compromised and her eyesight worsened gradually until she was blind in the left eye. Macroscopic observation showed a reddish lesion on the sclera thought to be due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography disclosed a well-defined cystic lesion at the left retro-bulbar optic nerve within the optic nerve sheath. We selected the combined transcranial-supraorbital and transconjunctival approach to remove the eyeball after detaching the optic nerve. This technique was successful and the placement of an ocular prosthetic was cosmetically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hanada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hanaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Taro Kamisasanuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mari Kirishima
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Izumi Regional Medical Center, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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Roelofs KA, Aghazadeh H, Cheema M, Weis E, Badilla J. Enucleation and evisceration: an analysis of indications, histopathological findings, and surgical trends over 23 years at a tertiary care hospital in western Canada. Can J Ophthalmol 2019; 54:106-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Enucleation in Asian Indian patients: a histopathological review of 2009 cases. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:120-128. [PMID: 30315260 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the indications of enucleation in Asian Indian patients and study the trend over the 22-year period. METHODS Retrospective study of 2009 patients who underwent enucleation. RESULTS The mean age at presentation of patients who underwent enucleation was 155 months The histopathology diagnosis included a benign tumor (n = 22, 1%), malignant tumor (n = 1472, 73%), acute trauma (n = 93, 5%), retinal vascular disease (n = 50, 3%), inflammatory/infective pathology (n = 33, 2%), or other miscellaneous/non-specific diagnosis (n = 460, 23%). There was a good correlation between the clinical and histopathology diagnoses at 96%. The most common indication for enucleation in young patients ( ≤ 20 years) was retinoblastoma (n = 1257, 82%; p < 0.001), atrophic bulbi or phthisis bulbi (n = 163, 39%; p < 0.001) in middle-age adults, and uveal melanoma (n = 25, 42%; p < 0.001) in older adults. Over the years, there was a decreasing trend of enucleations for atrophic bulbi/phthisis bulbi/painful blind eye (33% from the years 1996 through 2000 to 7% from 2010 to 2018; p < 0.001) and acute trauma (3% from the years 1996 through 2000 to < 1% from 2010 to 2018; p < 0.001) and an increasing trend for intraocular tumors including retinoblastoma (56% from the years 1996 through 2000 to 73% from 2010 to 2018; p = 0.01) and uveal melanoma (3% from the years 1996 through 2000 to 11% from 2010 to 2018; p < 0.006). CONCLUSION In Asian Indian population, malignant tumors remain the most common indication for enucleation in young and older patients, while desire for better cosmesis with customized ocular prosthesis is the main indication for enucleation in middle-age adults.
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Al-Dahmash SA, Bakry SS, Almadhi NH, Alashgar LM. Indications for enucleation and evisceration in a tertiary eye hospital in Riyadh over a 10-year period. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:313-316. [PMID: 28761031 PMCID: PMC6150595 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enucleation and evisceration are eye removal procedures considered as palliative treatment when all other therapeutic options are exhausted. OBJECTIVE Describe the causes and histopathological findings leading to enucleation/evisceration, and correlate the clinical findings with the histopathological findings. DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive study. SETTINGS Tertiary care hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent enucleation or evisceration from February 2005 to May 2015 were reviewed. Patients were classified into two categories based on indications of surgery: traumatic and nontraumatic. Causes of ocular injury in the traumatic group were documented, and the histopathological findings were reviewed for the nontraumatic cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Number of enucleation and evisceration surgeries and their causes and histopathological findings. RESULTS One hundred ten patients underwent evisceration (n=69, 63%) and enucleation (n=41, 37%). Causes were traumatic in 38 (35%) and nontraumatic in 72 (65%). The median age was 50 years and there were 64 men and 46 women. Postoperative endophthalmitis was the most common indication for surgery (n=24, 21.8%), followed by painful blind eye (n=22, 20%). Ocular trauma was more predominant in men (n=29, 76%) than in women (n=9, 24%), and the leading mechanism of trauma was metallic nail injuries (n=6, 15.8%). In the nontraumatic group, endophthalmitis was the most common histopathological finding (n=25, 34.7%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of the eye enucleation/evisceration surgeries were due to nontraumatic causes, especially postoperative infections. However, severe eye trauma was still a main indication for this destructive procedure. Guidelines are needed to decrease the incidence/severity of work-related eye injuries and to detect and manage eye infections earlier and more promptly. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study, in one hospital in one area; therefore, results cannot be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Al-Dahmash
- Dr. Saad A. Al-Dahmash, Department of Ophthalmology,, College of Medicine,King Saud University,, PO Box 240310, Riyadh 11322, Saudi Arabia, T:+966114786100 Ext.1426,, F:+9664775731, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-0172
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Odugbo OP, Wade PD, Samuel OJ, Mpyet CD. Indications for destructive eye surgeries among adults in a tertiary eye care center in North CENTRAL Nigeria. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2015; 5:134-153. [PMID: 27830127 PMCID: PMC5034439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destructive eye surgery is a management option offered patients when further retention of the globe is likely to affect ocular and general health or jeopardize survival. Indications for this procedure vary and could reflect the pattern of severe or end stage ocular morbidities in a given environment. AIM To assess the indications for destructive eye surgeries and to ascertain the proportion avoidable. SETTING Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY The ophthalmic surgical database of our facility was retrospectively reviewed to obtain information on patients who had destructive eye surgery from January 2008 - December 2015. These included demographics, clinical features, preoperative diagnosis, indication for surgery and type of destructive eye surgeries. The total number of ophthalmic surgeries within the study period was also computed. The data was entered into Epi Info statistical software, version3.4 (Epi InfoTM, Atlanta, Georgia,USA) and analyzed after validation by double entry. RESULTS Eighty five destructive eye surgeries consisting of 2.5% of all surgical operations were performed on adults (aged ≥18years). There were 51(60%) males with a male: female ratio of 1.5:1 (p<0.005), mean age of 46.4 ± 19years. A sustained decline in the proportion of surgeries attributable to destructive eye surgeries was observed from the year 2012. A total of 75(88.2%) patients had evisceration, 3(3.5%) had enucleation and 7(8.2%) had exenteration. The main indications for destructive eye surgeries included trauma to the eyes in 39(45.9%), intractable infections in 32(37.6%), tumours in 7(8.2%) and painful blind eye in 3(3.5%); anterior staphyloma and phthisis bulbi each accounted for 2(2.4%). We observed that an adult male was four times more likely to lose an eye from trauma than a female (p<0.05). An individual was less likely to lose an eye to trauma with increasing age (p<0.05) but more likely to lose an eye to intractable infection with increasing age (p<0.001). CONCLUSION There is a downtrend in the frequency of destructive eye surgeries in our center with males more likely to lose an eye to trauma and the elderly more likely to lose an eye to infection. Most of the indications for eye removal are avoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Odugbo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - P D Wade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - O J Samuel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - C D Mpyet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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