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Çevik D, Gümral N, Aslankoç R, Özmen Ö, Yalçın A, Kavrık O. Protective effect of pregabalin on renal and renal endothelial damage in sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:55-66. [PMID: 37606510 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2250911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the protective effects of pregabalin (PRG) on kidney and renal endothelial damage in sepsis induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into three groups as control, LPS and LPS+PRG. Saline solution was administered 30 mg/kg orally and 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the control group. LPS was applied as 5 mg/kg, i.p. to the LPS group. In the LPS+PRG group, PRG at 30 mg/kg orally and one hour before LPS administration, one hour later 5 mg/kg i.p. LPS was applied. Rats were sacrificed 6 hours after LPS administration. RESULTS White Blood Cell (WBC), granulocyte, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric asid, Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) significantly increased (p<0.05); platelets (PLT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) significantly decreased in the LPS group compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the LPS+PRG group WBC, granulocyte, BUN, creatinine, uric asid, TOS and OSI significantly decreased (p<0.05); PLT, aPTT and TAS significantly increased compared to the LPS group(p<0.05). Histopathological examinations showed that kidney and renal endothelial damage in the LPS group decreased in the LPS+PRG group. Immunohistochemically IL1-β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α expressions in kidney tissue and Toll-Like Receptors-4 (TLR-4) and NF-κB expressions in the renal endothelial tissue significantly increased in the LPS group compared to the control group and significantly decreased in the LPS+PRG group compared to the LPS group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sepsis causes kidney and renal endothelial damage and PRG reduces this damage. Therefore PRG can be used in prophylactic treatment in sepsis, supported by more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çevik
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Gümral
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rahime Aslankoç
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Veterinary, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yalçın
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Kavrık
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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do Valle GT, Ricci ST, Silva AO, Tirapelli CR, Ceron CS. Ethanol consumption increases renal dysfunction and mortality in a mice model of sub-lethal sepsis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:699-707. [PMID: 33290154 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption and sepsis cause oxidative stress and renal dysfunction. This study aimed to examine whether chronic ethanol consumption sensitizes the mouse kidney to sub-lethal cecal ligation and puncture (SL-CLP) sepsis, leading to impairment of renal function by tissue oxidative and inflammatory damage. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated for 9 weeks with ethanol (20%, v/v) before SL-CLP was induced. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), survival rate, creatinine plasma, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokines, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) levels were evaluated. Chronic ethanol consumption increased SBP, plasma creatinine, O2.-, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, Nox4, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. SL-CLP decreased SBP, increased creatinine, lipid peroxidation, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and iNOS levels, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio, and decreased catalase activity. SL-CLP mice previously treated with ethanol showed a similar decrease in SBP but higher mortality and creatinine levels than SL-CLP alone. These responses were mediated by increased O2-, lipid peroxidation, IL-6, TNF-α, NOx, iNOS, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios. Our findings demonstrated that previous oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by ethanol consumption sensitizes the kidney to SL-CLP injury, resulting in impaired kidney function and sepsis prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tavares do Valle
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP), Universidade de São Paulo -USP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sthefany Teodoro Ricci
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP), Universidade de São Paulo -USP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carlos Renato Tirapelli
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP), Universidade de São Paulo -USP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carla Speroni Ceron
- Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Nežić L, Škrbić R, Amidžić L, Gajanin R, Milovanović Z, Nepovimova E, Kuča K, Jaćević V. Protective Effects of Simvastatin on Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Activation of Tubular Epithelial Cells' Survival and Hindering Cytochrome C-Mediated Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197236. [PMID: 33008033 PMCID: PMC7583796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that apoptosis of tubular cells and renal inflammation mainly determine the outcome of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). The study aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the renoprotective effects of simvastatin in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LSP)-induced AKI. A sepsis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of a single non-lethal LPS dose after short-term simvastatin pretreatment. The severity of the inflammatory injury was expressed as renal damage scores (RDS). Apoptosis of tubular cells was detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL assay) (apoptotic DNA fragmentation, expressed as an apoptotic index, AI) and immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and survivin. We found that endotoxin induced severe renal inflammatory injury (RDS = 3.58 ± 0.50), whereas simvastatin dose-dependently prevented structural changes induced by LPS. Furthermore, simvastatin 40 mg/kg most profoundly attenuated tubular apoptosis, determined as a decrease of cytochrome C, caspase-3 expression, and AIs (p < 0.01 vs. LPS). Conversely, simvastatin induced a significant increase of Bcl-XL and survivin, both in the strong inverse correlations with cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C. Our study indicates that simvastatin has cytoprotective effects against LPS-induced tubular apoptosis, seemingly mediated by upregulation of cell-survival molecules, such as Bcl-XL and survivin, and inhibition of the mitochondrial cytochrome C and downstream caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Nežić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja St, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (K.K.); Tel.: +387-66-125222 (L.N.); +420-603289 (K.K.)
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja St, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ljiljana Amidžić
- Center for Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 14 Save Mrkalja St, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Radoslav Gajanin
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 12 Beba St, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Zoran Milovanović
- Special Police Unit, Police Department of the City of Belgrade, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (V.J.)
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (K.K.); Tel.: +387-66-125222 (L.N.); +420-603289 (K.K.)
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (V.J.)
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11 Crnotravska St, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, the University of Defence in Belgrade, 17 Crnotravska St, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Yorulmaz H, Ozkok E, Demir G, Ertugrul Yalcin I, Ates G, Olgac V, Tamer S. Pretreatment of simvastatin on liver trace element levels during endotoxemia. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:196-200. [PMID: 30450988 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1508234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of studies investigating anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in patients with sepsis and animal models. There are a few studies which investigated effect of simvastatin on elements in sepsis. In the present study, the impact of pretreatment with simvastatin on element levels was evaluated in liver during endotoxemia. Rats were divided into control, LPS, simvastatin, and simvastatin + LPS. The histopathologic examination of the liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin. Selenium, zinc, iron, manganese, magnesium, and copper were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy. In the LPS, the hepatocyte cell structure was damaged. In the simvastatin + LPS, hepatocyte, and sinusoidal cord damage were partially smaller than LPS. Levels of selenium, and copper significantly decreased in both of LPS and simvastatin + LPS. In the LPS group, iron was found to increase. In the simvastatin + LPS, zinc was increased. Simvastatin partially smaller liver damage by increasing zinc levels during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Ozkok
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Demir
- Department of Urban, and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ates
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vakur Olgac
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Tamer
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dexmedetomidine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced early acute kidney injury by inhibiting the iNOS/NO signaling pathway in rats. Nitric Oxide 2019; 85:1-9. [PMID: 30659917 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) possesses multiple pharmacological actions. Herein, we explored the protective effect and potential molecular mechanism of DEX on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced early acute kidney injury (AKI) from the perspective of antioxidant stress. We found that DEX (30 μg/kg, i.p.) ameliorated the renal dysfunction and histopathological damage (tubular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, infiltration of inflammatory cells and cast formation) induced by LPS (10 mg/kg). DEX also attenuated renal oxidative stress remarkably in LPS-induced early AKI, as evidenced by reduction in production of reactive nitrogen species, decreasing malondialdehyde levels, as well as increasing superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content. DEX prevented activator protein-1 translocation, inhibited phosphorylation of I-kappa B (IκB) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-induced early AKI, as assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, IκB and NF-κB. Notably, DEX pretreatment had the same effect as intraperitoneal injection of an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1400W; 15 mg/kg), and inhibited the activity of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased the expression of iNOS mRNA and NO production. However, the protective effect of DEX on LPS-induced early AKI was reversed by the alpha 2 adrenal receptor (α2-AR) inhibitor atipamezole, whereas the imidazoline receptor inhibitor idazoxan did not. Taken together, DEX protects against LPS-induced early AKI in rats by inhibiting the iNOS/NO signaling pathway, mainly by acting on α2-ARs instead of IRs.
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