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Leimbacher AC, Villiger P, Desboeufs N, Aboouf MA, Nanni M, Armbruster J, Ademi H, Flüchter P, Ruetten M, Gantenbein F, Haider TJ, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Voluntary exercise does not always suppress lung cancer progression. iScience 2023; 26:107298. [PMID: 37520731 PMCID: PMC10374464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can lower lung cancer incidence. However, its effect on lung cancer progression is less understood. Studies on exercising mice have shown decreased ectopic lung cancer growth through the secretion of interleukin-6 from muscles and the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to tumors. We asked if exercise suppresses lung cancer in an orthotopic model also. Single-housed C57Bl/6 male mice in cages with running wheels were tail vein-injected with LLC1.1 lung cancer cells, and lung tumor nodules were analyzed. Exercise did not affect lung cancer. Therefore, we also tested the effect of exercise on a subcutaneous LLC1 tumor and a tail vein-injected B16F10 melanoma model. Except for one case of excessive exercise, tumor progression was not influenced. Moderately exercising mice did not increase IL-6 or recruit NK cells to the tumor. Our data suggest that the exercise dose may dictate how efficiently the immune system is stimulated and controls tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia C. Leimbacher
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Villiger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Desboeufs
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Monica Nanni
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hyrije Ademi
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Flüchter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Ruetten
- PathoVet AG, Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, 8317 Tagelswangen ZH, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gantenbein
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (ZIRP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Haider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Mokhtari Z, Seyedhashemi E, Eftekhari M, Ghasemi S, Sabouri A, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Abuali M, Azimi H, Kesharwani P, Pourghadamyari H, Sahebkar A. Enhancement of cisplatin-induced apoptosis by saffron in human lung cancer cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127229. [PMID: 37315393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a prevalent chemotherapeutic agent, and it has been used extensively to treat lung cancer. However, its clinical efficacy is hampered by its safety profile and dose-limiting toxicity. Saffron is a natural product that has shown significant anticancer effects. The combination treatment of saffron with chemotherapeutic agents has been considered a new strategy. METHODS Herein, saffron extract as a natural anticancer substance was combined with cisplatin to assess their combined efficacy against tumor development in vitro. In A549 and QU-DB cell lines, the combined effect of the saffron extract with cisplatin led to a significant reduction in cell viability as compared to cisplatin alone. RESULTS After 48 h incubation a considerable reduction in ROS levels in the QU-DB cell line upon treatment with cisplatin in the presence of saffron extract in comparison with cells treated with cisplatin alone. Furthermore, apoptosis increased significantly when in cells treated with cisplatin in combination with saffron extract compared to cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION Our data establish that the combination of saffron extract as a natural anticancer substance with cisplatin leads to improved cell toxicity of cisplatin as an anticancer agent. Therefore, the saffron extract could be potentially used as an additive to enable a reduction in cisplatin dosages and its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Seyedhashemi
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eftekhari
- Department of Genetic, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Hormozegan, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Sabouri
- Department of Microbiology, East Branch of Payamnoor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Abuali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Azimi
- School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical hysiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Akingbesote ND, Owusu D, Liu R, Cartmel B, Ferrucci LM, Zupa M, Lustberg MB, Sanft T, Blenman KRM, Irwin ML, Perry RJ. A review of the impact of energy balance on triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:104-124. [PMID: 37139977 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate without sufficient energy to generate biomass for rapid cell division, as well as to fuel their functions at baseline. For this reason, many recent observational and interventional studies have focused on increasing energy expenditure and/or reducing energy intake during and after cancer treatment. The impact of variance in diet composition and in exercise on cancer outcomes has been detailed extensively elsewhere and is not the primary focus of this review. Instead, in this translational, narrative review we examine studies of how energy balance impacts anticancer immune activation and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss preclinical, clinical observational, and the few clinical interventional studies on energy balance in TNBC. We advocate for the implementation of clinical studies to examine how optimizing energy balance-through changes in diet and/or exercise-may optimize the response to immunotherapy in people with TNBC. It is our conviction that by taking a holistic approach that includes energy balance as a key factor to be considered during and after treatment, cancer care may be optimized, and the detrimental effects of cancer treatment and recovery on overall health may be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi D Akingbesote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis Owusu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Ryan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cedar Park High School, Cedar Park, TX, USA
| | - Brenda Cartmel
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leah M Ferrucci
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tara Sanft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kim R M Blenman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lee J, Savage H, Maegawa S, Ballarò R, Pareek S, Guerrouahen BS, Gopalakrishnan V, Schadler K. Exercise Promotes Pro-Apoptotic Ceramide Signaling in a Mouse Melanoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174306. [PMID: 36077841 PMCID: PMC9454537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exercise has been shown to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy against several tumor models using mice through modulating tumor vascular perfusion, immune function, circulating growth factors, hypoxia, and metabolism in tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. However, little is known about the effect of exercise on tumor-cell-intrinsic death mechanisms, such as apoptosis. Ceramide is a bioactive lipid that can promote cell death. The strategy of increasing intracellular ceramide has potential as an anticancer treatment for melanoma with dysregulated ceramide metabolism, but there is not yet a clinically relevant method to do so. We found that moderate aerobic exercise increases pro-apoptotic ceramide in melanoma in mice, and activates p53 signaling, promoting tumor cell apoptosis. This finding suggests that exercise may be most effective as an adjuvant therapy to sensitize cancer cells to anticancer treatments in tumors that exhibit downregulated ceramide generation to evade cell death. Abstract Ceramides are essential sphingolipids that mediate cell death and survival. Low ceramide content in melanoma is one mechanism of drug resistance. Thus, increasing the ceramide content in tumor cells is likely to increase their sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy. Aerobic exercise has been shown to modulate ceramide metabolism in healthy tissue, but the relationship between exercise and ceramide in tumors has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that aerobic exercise causes tumor cell apoptosis and accumulation of pro-apoptotic ceramides in B16F10 but not BP melanoma models using mice. B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were treated with two weeks of moderate treadmill exercise, or were control, unexercised mice. A reverse-phase protein array was used to identify canonical p53 apoptotic signaling as a key pathway upregulated by exercise, and we demonstrate increased apoptosis in tumors from exercised mice. Consistent with this finding, pro-apoptotic C16-ceramide, and the ceramide generating enzyme ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6), were higher in B16F10 tumors from exercised mice, while pro-survival sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) was lower. These data suggest that exercise contributes to B16F10 tumor cell death, possibly by modulating ceramide metabolism toward a pro-apoptotic ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate balance. However, these results are not consistent in BP tumors, demonstrating that exercise can have different effects on tumors of different patient or mouse origin with the same diagnosis. This work indicates that exercise might be most effective as a therapeutic adjuvant with therapies that kill tumor cells in a ceramide-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghae Lee
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hannah Savage
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sumedha Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bella Samia Guerrouahen
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(713)-794-1035
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An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061074. [PMID: 35739971 PMCID: PMC9220052 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. has various pharmacological properties, known for over 3600 years. These properties are attributed mainly to biologically active substances, which belong to the terpenoid group and include crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. The aim of the current work was to examine the effects of crocins (CRCs) and their methyl ester derivate dimethylcrocetin (DMCRT) on glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in terms of cytotoxicity and gene expression, implicated in proapoptotic and cell survival pathways. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed with Alamar Blue fluorescence assay after treatment with saffron carotenoids for 24, 48 and 72 h and concentrations ranging from 22.85 to 0.18 mg/mL for CRCs and 11.43 to 0.09 mg/mL for DMCRT. In addition, BAX, BID, BCL2, MYCN, SOD1, and GSTM1 gene expression was studied by qRT-PCR analysis. Both compounds demonstrated cytotoxic effects against glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. They induced apoptosis, via BAX and BID upregulation, MYCN and BCL-2, SOD1, GSTM1 downregulation. The current research denotes the possible anticancer properties of saffron carotenoids, which are considered safe phytochemicals, already tested in clinical trials for their health promoting properties.
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