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Xu Z, Zhang J, Wu J, Yang S, Li Y, Wu Y, Li S, Zhang X, Zuo W, Lian X, Lin J, Jiang Y, Xie L, Liu Y, Wang P. Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III culture supernatant ameliorates alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:976358. [PMID: 36188464 PMCID: PMC9515438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.976358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term alcohol exposure is associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and neuroinflammation, which may impair cognitive function. Probiotics supplements can significantly improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III culture supernatant (LP-cs) on alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Methods A mouse model of cognitive dysfunction was established by intraperitoneal injection of alcohol (2 g/kg body weight) for 28 days. Mice were pre-treated with LP-cs, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal tissues were collected for biochemical and molecular analysis. Results LP-cs significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced decline in learning and memory function and hippocampal morphology changes, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction. A mechanistic study showed that alcohol activated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling and suppressed brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels via ER stress in the hippocampus, which LP-cs reversed. Alcohol activated oxidative stress and inflammation responses in the hippocampus, which LP-cs reversed. Conclusion LP-cs significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction and cellular stress. LP-cs might serve as an effective treatment for alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shizhuo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Lian
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Longteng Xie
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
- Longteng Xie,
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlong Liu,
| | - Ping Wang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Ping Wang,
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Chen K, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Yan Q, Zhou C, He Z, Zeng J, He J, Tan Z. Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum or Macleaya cordata Extract Alleviates Oxidative Damage Induced by Weaning in the Lower Gut of Young Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040548. [PMID: 32218197 PMCID: PMC7222368 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning usually leads to stress in livestock, which has a negative impact on their growth and development. Research on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by weaning has not been reported in goats. Here, we focused on oxidative stress profile and inflammation status of the lower gut (jejunum, ileum, and colon) of goats. First, we illustrated the status of antioxidant activity and inflammation in the intestine of young goats on pre-(2 weeks postnatal, 2 wkpn) or post-(11 wkpn, weaning at day 45 postnatal)-weaned period of young goats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher (p < 0.0001) in jejunum and ileum of the young goats in 11 wkpn than that in 2 wkpn, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower (p = 0.012) in the lower gut of the young goats with 11 wkpn than that in 2 wkpn. Furthermore, we intended to explore the protective influence of a probiotic additive (Lactobacillus plantarum (LAC) P-8, 10 g/d) and a prebiotic additive (Sangrovit®, Macleaya cordata (MAC) extract 3.75% w/w premix, 0.3 g/d) on intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation status of early-weaned young goats (average weights of 5.63 ± 0.30 kg, weaned on d 45 postnatal). We observed that LAC reduced MDA in jejunum and ileum (p < 0.0001), increased SOD activity in ileum (p < 0.01), and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in jejunum (p < 0.05). Similarly, MAC reduced MDA contents (p < 0.0001), increased SOD activities (p < 0.01) in both of ileum and jejunum, and increased GSH-Px activity (p < 0.05) in jejunum. However, there were no differences in feed intake, average daily gain, inflammation parameters (interleukin 2 and interleukin 6), and colon oxidative stress profile (MDA, SOD, or GSH-Px) among treatments. These results provide evidence that weaning induces oxidative damage in the lower gut of young goats, and the oxidative damage in the small intestine can be reduced by adding the addition of LAC or MAC in diets depending on the region of the lower gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
| | - Yan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-(0731)-84619765 (Z.H.)
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-(0731)-84619765 (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (Q.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Vishvakarma R, Mishra A. Protective effect of a protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against oxidative stress. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:244-254. [PMID: 30821200 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1536992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are known to resist damage to host organisms against external threats, hence form a part of their defense system. This property of protease inhibitors was studied on protecting oxidatively stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. The protease inhibitor was extracted from Agaricus bisporus, an edible mushroom. The inhibitor showed the presence of antioxidant activity as the purified inhibitor fraction gave an IC50 value of 45.13 ± 0.88 µg/mL and 33.30 ± 1.5 µg/mL when checked, respectively, by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH and 2, 2'-azo-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid), ABTS•+ scavenging activity. The yeast cells' survival rate (%), was determined through 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay, and it was found that in the presence of 2 mM H2O2 cell survival decreased to 26.33%, whereas when the experiment was conducted in the presence of protease inhibitor and 2 mM H2O2 cell survival percentage rose to 74%. The protease inhibitor's effect on the oxidatively stressed yeast cells was further studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Confocal Microscopy to understand the morphological changes. The viable and non-viable cell populations were quantified using Fluorescence Assorted Cell Sorting (FACS) using propidium iodide, PI, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DAPI and 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein, DCF dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Vishvakarma
- a School of Biochemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Abha Mishra
- a School of Biochemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 modulates epithelial integrity, heat shock protein, and proinflammatory cytokine response in intestinal cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:304149. [PMID: 25948884 PMCID: PMC4408629 DOI: 10.1155/2015/304149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have shown positive effects on gastrointestinal diseases; they have barrier-modulating effects and change the inflammatory response towards pathogens in studies in vitro. The aim of this investigation has been to examine the response of intestinal epithelial cells to Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium), a probiotic positively affecting diarrhea incidence in piglets, and two pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, with specific focus on the probiotic modulation of the response to the pathogenic challenge. Porcine (IPEC-J2) and human (Caco-2) intestinal cells were incubated without bacteria (control), with E. faecium, with enteropathogenic (EPEC) or enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) each alone or in combination with E. faecium. The ETEC strain decreased transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines compared with control cells, an effect that could be prevented by pre- and coincubation with E. faecium. Similar effects were observed for the increased expression of heat shock protein 70 in Caco-2 cells. When the cells were challenged by the EPEC strain, no such pattern of changes could be observed. The reduced decrease in TER and the reduction of the proinflammatory and stress response of enterocytes following pathogenic challenge indicate the protective effect of the probiotic.
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Trolox and ascorbic acid reduce direct and indirect oxidative stress in the IPEC-J2 cells, an in vitro model for the porcine gastrointestinal tract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120485. [PMID: 25745867 PMCID: PMC4351986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the small intestinal epithelium is a major cause of barrier malfunction and failure to regenerate. This study presents a functional in vitro model using the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 to examine the effects of oxidative stress and to estimate the antioxidant and regenerative potential of Trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione monoethyl ester. Hydrogen peroxide and diethyl maleate affected the tight junction (zona occludens-1) distribution, significantly increased intracellular oxidative stress (CM-H2DCFDA) and decreased the monolayer integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance and FD-4 permeability), viability (neutral red) and wound healing capacity (scratch assay). Trolox (2 mM) and 1 mM ascorbic acid pre-treatment significantly reduced intracellular oxidative stress, increased wound healing capacity and reduced FD-4 permeability in oxidatively stressed IPEC-J2 cell monolayers. All antioxidant pre-treatments increased transepithelial electrical resistance and viability only in diethyl maleate-treated cells. Glutathione monoethyl ester (10 mM) pre-treatment significantly decreased intracellular oxidative stress and monolayer permeability only in diethyl maleate-treated cells. These data demonstrate that the IPEC-J2 oxidative stress model is a valuable tool to screen antioxidants before validation in piglets.
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Farkas O, Mátis G, Pászti-Gere E, Palócz O, Kulcsár A, Petrilla J, Csikó G, Neogrády Z, Gálfi P. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 and sodium n-butyrate in lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammation: comparison of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line and primary hepatocyte monocultures with a porcine enterohepatic co-culture system. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3835-45. [PMID: 24987069 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was based on our previously developed double-layered enterohepatic co-culture system, composed of nontumorigenic porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and primary culture of porcine hepatocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect of spent culture supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 (Lp2142; 13.3%) and sodium n-butyrate (2 mM) was tested on IPEC-J2 and hepatocyte monocultures as well as on the gut-liver co-culture. To mimic inflammation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 and 10 μg/mL) was applied. Production of IL-8 and IL-6 was measured as a marker of inflammatory responses. The paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium was also monitored by fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled dextran 4 assay. Significant increase of IL-8 concentration was observed in the IPEC-J2 monoculture (P < 0.01) while the level of IL-6 was not changed following LPS treatment. Concentration of IL-8 and IL-6 was grown significantly in hepatocyte monocultures (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) as well as in the co-culture after 10 μg/mL LPS treatment (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). One microgram per milliliter LPS caused elevated IL-8 level in the co-culture (P < 0.001) and in the hepatocyte monoculture (P < 0.01), while it caused increased IL-6 level only in the hepatocytes (P < 0.001). Production of IL-8 was significantly decreased by butyrate in case of 1 μg/mL as well as 10 μg/mL LPS exposure in the co-culture (P < 0.001). Application of butyrate also reduced IL-6 level in the co-culture after 10 μg/mL LPS treatment (P < 0.01). Lactobacillus plantarum 2142 decreased IL-8 level after incubation with 1 μg/mL LPS (P < 0.001), while in case of 10 μg/mL LPS treatment only a marginal lowering in IL-8 (P = 0.064) release was measured. The IL-6 concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.01 in case of 1 μg/mL LPS treatment) by Lp2142 in the co-culture. Contrarily, the elevated IL-8 and IL-6 level of hepatocytes has not been reduced in case of either butyrate or Lp2142 addition. The enterohepatic co-culture model offers a possibility for fast and reliable screening of new candidates against enteric inflammation, which are of special interest in porcine medicine and health management. According to our results, Lp2142 and butyrate both seem to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents in LPS-triggered inflammatory response, tested in the gut-liver co-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - G Mátis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University; István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - E Pászti-Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - O Palócz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - A Kulcsár
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University; István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - J Petrilla
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University; István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Gy Csikó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - Zs Neogrády
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University; István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
| | - P Gálfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest 1078, Hungary
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Tsai CC, Chan CF, Huang WY, Lin JS, Chan P, Liu HY, Lin YS. Applications of Lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant in cosmetic antioxidation, whitening and moisture retention applications. Molecules 2013; 18:14161-71. [PMID: 24248144 PMCID: PMC6270638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant, whitening, and moisture-retention properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant (Lr-SCS) in cosmetic applications. Results reveal that Lr-SCS effectively and gradually scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as well as 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cations, and increases reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Lr-SCS can also suppress tyrosinase activity in vitro and effectively promote moisture retention. Heat treatment at 100 °C for 30 min does not influence the functions of Lr-SCS. We conclude that Lr-SCS can be used effectively in skin care cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Tsai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chin-Feng Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Wen-Ying Huang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Patty Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Ho-Yen Liu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-F.C.); (W.-Y.H.); (J.-S.L.); (P.C.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2631-8652 (ext. 3684); Fax: +886-4-2632-1046
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Paszti-Gere E, Matis G, Farkas O, Kulcsar A, Palocz O, Csiko G, Neogrady Z, Galfi P. The Effects of Intestinal LPS Exposure on Inflammatory Responses in a Porcine Enterohepatic Co-culture System. Inflammation 2013; 37:247-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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