1
|
Cefotaxime pharmacokinetics in Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) calves after single intravenous injection. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:887-891. [PMID: 31696417 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cefotaxime is a third-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin acting on a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime were determined in dromedary camel calves by single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg b.w. Cefotaxime levels were estimated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Cefotaxime pharmacokinetics in camel calves obeyed three-compartment kinetics model. There was a central compartment and two peripheral, one shallow and one deep compartment. The shallow compartment equilibrates very rapidly with distribution half-life (t1/2α) of 0.6 min, while the deep compartment has large distribution half-life (t1/2β) of 42 min indicating slower uptake of cefotaxime. The elimination rate constant (γ = 0.04 h-1) and elimination half-life (t1/2 γ) = 15.46 h indicating slow elimination. In comparison with other animals, cefotaxime pharmacokinetics in camel calves showed potential wide distribution in multi-compartment, lower elimination constant, lower clearance and higher volume of distribution at steady state. This indicates substantial differences in cefotaxime pharmacokinetics in camel calves with a very characteristic ultra-rapid distribution into three-compartment and slow elimination.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mir RA, Weppelmann TA, Teng L, Kirpich A, Elzo MA, Driver JD, Jeong KC. Colonization Dynamics of Cefotaxime Resistant Bacteria in Beef Cattle Raised Without Cephalosporin Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:500. [PMID: 29619015 PMCID: PMC5871660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of infections caused by antimicrobial resistant microorganisms (ARMs) is currently one of the most important challenges to public health and medicine. Though speculated to originate at least partially from the overuse of antibiotics during food animal production, we hypothesized that cattle are exposed to ARMs in the environment. In this cohort study, a herd of beef calves with no previous exposure to antibiotics was followed during the first year of life in order to investigate the rate of colonization by bacteria resistant to the third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime. Fecal samples were collected from the recto anal junction of cattle at the age of ~3, 6, 9, and 12 months and tested for cefotaxime resistant bacteria (CRB) and the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The colonization dynamics of CRB in calves (n = 188) was evaluated with samples collected from four periods using longitudinal statistical analyses. Colonization by CRB was a dynamic process with over 92% of the calves testing positive for CRB at least once during the first year of life. All isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test were resistant to at least four different antibiotics and carried multiple variants of the blaCTX-M genes. Metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in microbiota of the calves with and without CRB colonization at different ages. This study provides evidence that colonization of beef calves by ARMs is a dynamic process that can occur in the absence of veterinary or agricultural use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raies A Mir
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas A Weppelmann
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lin Teng
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph D Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
MARTINEZ M, MODRIC S. Patient variation in veterinary medicine: part I. Influence of altered physiological states. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33:213-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|