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Scott AD, Jackson T, Khalique Z, Gorodezky M, Pardoe B, Begum L, Bruno VD, Chowdhury RA, Ferreira PF, Nielles‐Vallespin S, Roehl M, McCarthy KP, Sarathchandra P, Rose JN, Doorly DJ, Pennell DJ, Ascione R, de Silva R, Firmin DN. Development of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance-compatible large animal isolated heart model for direct comparison of beating and arrested hearts. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4692. [PMID: 35040195 PMCID: PMC9286060 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac motion results in image artefacts and quantification errors in many cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques, including microstructural assessment using diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT-CMR). Here, we develop a CMR-compatible isolated perfused porcine heart model that allows comparison of data obtained in beating and arrested states. Ten porcine hearts (8/10 for protocol optimisation) were harvested using a donor heart retrieval protocol and transported to the remote CMR facility. Langendorff perfusion in a 3D-printed chamber and perfusion circuit re-established contraction. Hearts were imaged using cine, parametric mapping and STEAM DT-CMR at cardiac phases with the minimum and maximum wall thickness. High potassium and lithium perfusates were then used to arrest the heart in a slack and contracted state, respectively. Imaging was repeated in both arrested states. After imaging, tissue was removed for subsequent histology in a location matched to the DT-CMR data using fiducial markers. Regular sustained contraction was successfully established in six out of 10 hearts, including the final five hearts. Imaging was performed in four hearts and one underwent the full protocol, including colocalised histology. The image quality was good and there was good agreement between DT-CMR data in equivalent beating and arrested states. Despite the use of autologous blood and dextran within the perfusate, T2 mapping results, DT-CMR measures and an increase in mass were consistent with development of myocardial oedema, resulting in failure to achieve a true diastolic-like state. A contiguous stack of 313 5-μm histological sections at and a 100-μm thick section showing cell morphology on 3D fluorescent confocal microscopy colocalised to DT-CMR data were obtained. A CMR-compatible isolated perfused beating heart setup for large animal hearts allows direct comparisons of beating and arrested heart data with subsequent colocalised histology, without the need for onsite preclinical facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Scott
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Tim Jackson
- Department of PerfusionRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
| | - Zohya Khalique
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Margarita Gorodezky
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ben Pardoe
- Department of PerfusionRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
| | - Lale Begum
- Department of PerfusionRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
| | - V. Domenico Bruno
- Translational Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol Heart InstituteUniversity Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - Rasheda A. Chowdhury
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Imperial Centre for Cardiac EngineeringImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Pedro F. Ferreira
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Sonia Nielles‐Vallespin
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Malte Roehl
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Jan N. Rose
- Department of AeronauticsImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Dudley J. Pennell
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Translational Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol Heart InstituteUniversity Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - Ranil de Silva
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - David N. Firmin
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance UnitRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
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Sinclair MD, Lee J, Cookson AN, Rivolo S, Hyde ER, Smith NP. Measurement and modeling of coronary blood flow. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:335-56. [PMID: 26123867 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease that comprises both coronary artery disease and microvascular disease is the single greatest cause of death globally. In this context, enhancing our understanding of the interaction of coronary structure and function is not only fundamental for advancing basic physiology but also crucial for identifying new targets for treating these diseases. A central challenge for understanding coronary blood flow is that coronary structure and function exhibit different behaviors across a range of spatial and temporal scales. While experimental studies have sought to understand this feature by isolating specific mechanisms, in tandem, computational modeling is increasingly also providing a unique framework to integrate mechanistic behaviors across different scales. In addition, clinical methods for assessing coronary disease severity are continuously being informed and updated by findings in basic physiology. Coupling these technologies, computational modeling of the coronary circulation is emerging as a bridge between the experimental and clinical domains, providing a framework to integrate imaging and measurements from multiple sources with mathematical descriptions of governing physical laws. State-of-the-art computational modeling is being used to combine mechanistic models with data to provide new insight into coronary physiology, optimization of medical technologies, and new applications to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Sinclair
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Lee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Cookson
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simone Rivolo
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eoin R Hyde
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas P Smith
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sinclair M, Lee J, Schuster A, Chiribiri A, van den Wijngaard J, van Horssen P, Siebes M, Spaan JAE, Nagel E, Smith NP. Microsphere skimming in the porcine coronary arteries: Implications for flow quantification. Microvasc Res 2015; 100:59-70. [PMID: 25963318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Particle skimming is a phenomenon where particles suspended in fluid flowing through vessels distribute disproportionately to bulk fluid volume at junctions. Microspheres are considered a gold standard of intra-organ perfusion measurements and are used widely in studies of flow distribution and quantification. It has previously been hypothesised that skimming at arterial junctions is responsible for a systematic over-estimation of myocardial perfusion from microspheres at the subendocardium. Our objective is to integrate coronary arterial structure and microsphere distribution, imaged at high resolution, to test the hypothesis of microsphere skimming in a porcine left coronary arterial (LCA) network. A detailed network was reconstructed from cryomicrotome imaging data and a Poiseuille flow model was used to simulate flow. A statistical approach using Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals was applied to determine the prevalence of skimming at bifurcations in the LCA. Results reveal that microsphere skimming is most prevalent at bifurcations in the larger coronary arteries, namely the epicardial and transmural arteries. Bifurcations at which skimming was identified have significantly more asymmetric branching parameters. This finding suggests that when using thin transmural segments to quantify flow from microspheres, a skimming-related deposition bias may result in underestimation of perfusion in the subepicardium, and overestimation in the subendocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sinclair
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jack Lee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andreas Schuster
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Partner Site Göttingen), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jeroen van den Wijngaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Horssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A E Spaan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eike Nagel
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicolas P Smith
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, UK; National Institute of Heath Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Schuster A, Sinclair M, Zarinabad N, Ishida M, van den Wijngaard JPHM, Paul M, van Horssen P, Hussain ST, Perera D, Schaeffter T, Spaan JAE, Siebes M, Nagel E, Chiribiri A. A quantitative high resolution voxel-wise assessment of myocardial blood flow from contrast-enhanced first-pass magnetic resonance perfusion imaging: microsphere validation in a magnetic resonance compatible free beating explanted pig heart model. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 16:1082-92. [PMID: 25812572 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility of high-resolution quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) voxel-wise perfusion imaging using clinical 1.5 and 3 T sequences and to validate it using fluorescently labelled microspheres in combination with a state of the art imaging cryomicrotome in a novel, isolated blood-perfused MR-compatible free beating pig heart model without respiratory motion. METHODS AND RESULTS MR perfusion imaging was performed in pig hearts at 1.5 (n = 4) and 3 T (n = 4). Images were acquired at physiological flow ('rest'), reduced flow ('ischaemia'), and during adenosine-induced hyperaemia ('stress') in control and coronary occlusion conditions. Fluorescently labelled microspheres and known coronary myocardial blood flow represented the reference standards for quantitative perfusion validation. For the comparison with microspheres, the LV was divided into 48 segments based on a subdivision of the 16 AHA segments into subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial subsegments. Perfusion quantification of the time-signal intensity curves was performed using a Fermi function deconvolution. High-resolution quantitative voxel-wise perfusion assessment was able to distinguish between occluded and remote myocardium (P < 0.001) and between rest, ischaemia, and stress perfusion conditions at 1.5 T (P < 0.001) and at 3 T (P < 0.001). CMR-MBF estimates correlated well with the microspheres at the AHA segmental level at 1.5 T (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) and at 3 T (r = 0.96, P < 0.001) and at the subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial level at 1.5 T (r = 0.93, r = 0.9, r = 0.88, P < 0.001, respectively) and at 3 T (r = 0.91, r = 0.95, r = 0.84, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION CMR-derived voxel-wise quantitative blood flow assessment is feasible and very accurate compared with microspheres. This technique is suitable for both clinically used field strengths and may provide the tools to assess extent and severity of myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuster
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK Department of Cardiology and Pneumology and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Partner Site Göttingen), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthew Sinclair
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Niloufar Zarinabad
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Masaki Ishida
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | | | - Matthias Paul
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Pepijn van Horssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shazia T Hussain
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Divaka Perera
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK King's College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Cardiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
| | - Jos A E Spaan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eike Nagel
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Goethe University Frankfurt and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Partner Site Rhine-Main), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
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5
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Schuster A, Zarinabad N, Ishida M, Sinclair M, van den Wijngaard JP, Morton G, Hautvast GL, Bigalke B, van Horssen P, Smith N, Spaan JA, Siebes M, Chiribiri A, Nagel E. Quantitative assessment of magnetic resonance derived myocardial perfusion measurements using advanced techniques: microsphere validation in an explanted pig heart system. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:82. [PMID: 25315438 PMCID: PMC4195947 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-014-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging has the potential to evolve into a method allowing full quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) in clinical routine. Multiple quantification pathways have been proposed. However at present it remains unclear which algorithm is the most accurate. An isolated perfused, magnetic resonance (MR) compatible pig heart model allows very accurate titration of MBF and in combination with high-resolution assessment of fluorescently-labeled microspheres represents a near optimal platform for validation. We sought to investigate which algorithm is most suited to quantify myocardial perfusion by CMR at 1.5 and 3 Tesla using state of the art CMR perfusion techniques and quantification algorithms. METHODS First-pass perfusion CMR was performed in an MR compatible blood perfused pig heart model. We acquired perfusion images at physiological flow ("rest"), reduced flow ("ischaemia") and during adenosine-induced hyperaemia ("hyperaemia") as well as during coronary occlusion. Perfusion CMR was performed at 1.5 Tesla (n = 4 animals) and at 3 Tesla (n = 4 animals). Fluorescently-labeled microspheres and externally controlled coronary blood flow served as reference standards for comparison of different quantification strategies, namely Fermi function deconvolution (Fermi), autoregressive moving average modelling (ARMA), exponential basis deconvolution (Exponential) and B-spline basis deconvolution (B-spline). RESULTS All CMR derived MBF estimates significantly correlated with microsphere results. The best correlation was achieved with Fermi function deconvolution both at 1.5 Tesla (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and at 3 Tesla (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). Fermi correlated significantly better with the microspheres than all other methods at 3 Tesla (p < 0.002). B-spline performed worse than Fermi and Exponential at 1.5 Tesla and showed the weakest correlation to microspheres (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). All other comparisons were not significant. At 3 Tesla exponential deconvolution performed worst (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CMR derived quantitative blood flow estimates correlate with true myocardial blood flow in a controlled animal model. Amongst the different techniques, Fermi function deconvolution was the most accurate technique at both field strengths. Perfusion CMR based on Fermi function deconvolution may therefore emerge as a useful clinical tool providing accurate quantitative blood flow assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuster
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, Partner Site Göttingen), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Niloufar Zarinabad
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Masaki Ishida
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Matthew Sinclair
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | - Geraint Morton
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | - Boris Bigalke
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pepijn van Horssen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicolas Smith
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Jos Ae Spaan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Eike Nagel
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering; King's College London British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas´ Hospital, London, UK.
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Butters TD, Castro SJ, Lowe T, Zhang Y, Lei M, Withers PJ, Zhang H. Optimal iodine staining of cardiac tissue for X-ray computed tomography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105552. [PMID: 25170844 PMCID: PMC4149378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has been shown to be an effective imaging technique for a variety of materials. Due to the relatively low differential attenuation of X-rays in biological tissue, a high density contrast agent is often required to obtain optimal contrast. The contrast agent, iodine potassium iodide (), has been used in several biological studies to augment the use of XCT scanning. Recently was used in XCT scans of animal hearts to study cardiac structure and to generate 3D anatomical computer models. However, to date there has been no thorough study into the optimal use of as a contrast agent in cardiac muscle with respect to the staining times required, which has been shown to impact significantly upon the quality of results. In this study we address this issue by systematically scanning samples at various stages of the staining process. To achieve this, mouse hearts were stained for up to 58 hours and scanned at regular intervals of 6–7 hours throughout this process. Optimal staining was found to depend upon the thickness of the tissue; a simple empirical exponential relationship was derived to allow calculation of the required staining time for cardiac samples of an arbitrary size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Butters
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Castro
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Lowe
- School of Materials Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Lei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Withers
- School of Materials Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Henggui Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Images as drivers of progress in cardiac computational modelling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:198-212. [PMID: 25117497 PMCID: PMC4210662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational models have become a fundamental tool in cardiac research. Models are evolving to cover multiple scales and physical mechanisms. They are moving towards mechanistic descriptions of personalised structure and function, including effects of natural variability. These developments are underpinned to a large extent by advances in imaging technologies. This article reviews how novel imaging technologies, or the innovative use and extension of established ones, integrate with computational models and drive novel insights into cardiac biophysics. In terms of structural characterization, we discuss how imaging is allowing a wide range of scales to be considered, from cellular levels to whole organs. We analyse how the evolution from structural to functional imaging is opening new avenues for computational models, and in this respect we review methods for measurement of electrical activity, mechanics and flow. Finally, we consider ways in which combined imaging and modelling research is likely to continue advancing cardiac research, and identify some of the main challenges that remain to be solved.
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