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Radjagobalou R, Freitas VDDS, Blanco JF, Gros F, Dauchet J, Cornet JF, Loubiere K. A revised 1D equivalent model for the determination of incident photon flux density in a continuous-flow LED-driven spiral-shaped microreactor using the actinometry method with Reinecke’s salt. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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2
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Roibu A, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flows Part 1: Characterization of Taylor Flow in a Photo Microreactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Roibu
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rehm
- Division Energy & Chemical Technology / Flow Chemistry GroupFraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18–20 55129 Mainz Germany
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5
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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6
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Nakano M, Morimoto T, Noguchi J, Tanimoto H, Mori H, Tokumoto SI, Koishi H, Nishiyama Y, Kakiuchi K. Accelerated Organic Photoreactions in Flow Microreactors under Gas-Liquid Slug Flow Conditions Using N2 Gas as an Unreactive Substance. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoe Nakano
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Jiro Noguchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Hajime Mori
- Department of Chemical Industry, Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture (WINTEC), 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tokumoto
- Department of Chemical Industry, Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture (WINTEC), 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koishi
- Department of Chemical Industry, Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture (WINTEC), 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Industry, Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture (WINTEC), 60 Ogura, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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7
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Lattice-Boltzmann Simulation and Experimental Validation of a Microfluidic T-Junction for Slug Flow Generation. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of two immiscible fluids in a head-on device geometry, where both fluids are streaming opposite to each other. The simulations are based on the two-dimensional (2D) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) using the Rothman and Keller (RK) model. We validate the LBM code with several benchmarks such as the bubble test, static contact angle, and layered flow. For the first time, we simulate a head-on device by forcing periodicity and a volume force to induce the flow. From low to high flow rates, three main flow patterns are observed in the head-on device, which are dripping-squeezing, jetting-shearing, and threading. In the squeezing regime, the flow is steady and the droplets are equal. The jetting-shearing flow is not as stable as dripping-squeezing. Moreover, the formation of droplets is shifted downstream into the main channel. The last flow form is threading, in which the immiscible fluids flow parallel downstream to the outlet. In contrast to other studies, we select larger microfluidic channels with 1-mm channel width to achieve relatively high volumetric fluxes as used in chemical synthesis reactors. Consequently, the capillary number of the flow regimes is smaller than 10−5. In conclusion, the simulation compares well to experimental data.
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Yamashita T, Nishikawa H, Kawamoto T. Scale-up synthesis of a deuterium-labeled cis-cyclobutane-1,3-Dicarboxylic acid derivative using continuous photo flow chemistry. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Telmesani R, White JAH, Beeler AB. Liquid‐Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Telmesani
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jada A. H. White
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 590 Commonwealth Ave Boston, MA 02215 USA
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Poscharny K, Fabry D, Heddrich S, Sugiono E, Liauw M, Rueping M. Machine assisted reaction optimization: A self-optimizing reactor system for continuous-flow photochemical reactions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Fréneau M, Hoffmann N. The Paternò-Büchi reaction—Mechanisms and application to organic synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Yoshimi Y, Nishio A, Hayashi M, Morita T. Sunlight-induced decarboxylative radical addition of carboxylic acids to electron-deficient alkenes using a millitube reactor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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15
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Nakano M, Nishiyama Y, Tanimoto H, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Remarkable Improvement of Organic Photoreaction Efficiency in the Flow Microreactor by the Slug Flow Condition Using Water. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoe Nakano
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials
Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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16
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Mukhina OA, Kutateladze AG. Oxazolines as Dual-Function Traceless Chromophores and Chiral Auxiliaries: Enantioselective Photoassisted Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2110-3. [PMID: 26866604 PMCID: PMC5578731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
2-(o-Amidophenyl)oxa- and -thiazolines undergo excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), generating aza-o-xylylenes capable of intramolecular [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadditions with tethered unsaturated pendants. Facile hydrolysis of the primary photoproducts, spiro-oxazolidines and thiazolidines, under mild conditions unmasks a phenone functionality. Variations in linkers allow for access to diverse core scaffolds in the primary photoproducts, rendering the approach compatible with the philosophy of diversity-oriented synthesis. Chiral oxazolines, readily available from the corresponding amino alcohols, yield enantioenriched keto-polyheterocycles of complex topologies with enantiomeric excess values up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Mukhina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave. Denver, CO 80208-2436 (USA)
| | - Andrei G. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave. Denver, CO 80208-2436 (USA)
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Yamashita T, Inoue M, Yasuda M. Isolation of a Photochemically Unstable Product by Inner Filtering of Liquid–Liquid Slug Flow in a Microreactor. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College
| | - Motohiro Inoue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College
| | - Masahide Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
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Fuse S, Takahashi T. Efficient Organic Synthesis based on Micro-flow Photo-reaction, Imidoylation, and Acylation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Chemical Resources Laboratory
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Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K. Highly Efficient and Selective Diastereodifferentiating Organic Photoreactions Using Flow Microreactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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Mifune Y, Fuse S, Tanaka H. Synthesis ofN-Allyloxycarbonyl 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine via Photochemical Wolff Rearrangement–Nucleophilic Addition Sequence in a Micro-Flow Reactor. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Nishiyama Y, Mori R, Nishida K, Tanimoto H, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Diastereodifferentiating [2+2] Photocycloaddition of a Chiral Cyclohexenone with Cyclopentene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Flow Microreactor. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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