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Lukheli RT, Tavengwa NT, Mokgehle TM. Application of a kosmotrope (Na 2CO 3) and chaotrope (NaCl) in chemometric optimization of aqueous two-phase extraction of bioactive compounds in Hypoxis iridifolia. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 5:e2400006. [PMID: 39221001 PMCID: PMC11361365 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Enterolactone, coumaric acid and vitexin are polyphenolic compounds present in a variety of fruits, vegetables, cereals and plants. These bioactive compounds are in high demand due to their antioxidant property in various tissues and organs. The purpose of this study was to develop a simultaneous extraction method, an aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method, that would enable the extraction of these compounds from Hypoxis iridifolia. This environmentally friendly extraction method only applied water and ethanol as extraction solvents for these analytes from the plant matrix. After phase separation, the analytes were salted-out from the aqueous phase into the organic phase with the aid of a chaotrope (NaCl) or kosmotrope (Na2CO3). Thereafter, the analytes were withdrawn by a micro-pipette for analysis on the high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Optimization was conducted using a central composite design, where three parameters were examined which involved percentage ethanol, centrifugation time and salt type. Generally, the optimized conditions for extraction were an ethanol percentage of 100% and a centrifugation time of 10 min, which yielded concentrations of 2942, 23,823 and 8881 mg kg-1 for enterolactone, vitexin and coumaric acid, respectively, in the presence of a kosmotrope. The optimized conditions of extraction in the presence of chaotrope were an ethanol percentage of 66% and a centrifugation time of 10 min with concentrations of 6727, 20,833 and 8618 mg kg-1 for enterolactone, vitexin and coumaric acid, respectively. The ATPE method involving Na2CO3 was a better extractant of all the compounds studied relative to that of NaCl. The superior extraction capability of Na2CO3 in ATPE could serve as a prototype for the development of efficient extraction methods to meet the high demand for medicinal compounds derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangani Tracy Lukheli
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceEngineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceEngineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
| | - Tebogo Mphatlalala Mokgehle
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceEngineering and AgricultureUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
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Resveratrol Food Supplement Products and the Challenges of Accurate Label Information to Ensure Food Safety for Consumers. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020474. [PMID: 36678345 PMCID: PMC9861762 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The food supplement market is growing as many consumers wish to complement their nutrient intake. Despite all the regulations in place to ensure food supplements safety, there are still many cases of irregularities reported especially connected to internet sales. Twenty resveratrol food supplement products sold on the Slovenian market were evaluated on their compliance of declared vs. determined resveratrol content, as well as the compliance of labels with the European Union (EU) and Slovenian regulatory requirements. Both the ingredient contents and food information are important parts of food safety. Analyses of 20 food supplements performed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometry showed that 95% of products had contents different from what was declared and 55% of products contained higher contents than declared. In 25% of the products the determined content per unit exceeded the maximum level (150 mg/day) specified in EU novel food conditions for food supplement with trans-resveratrol. Evaluation of the 20 food supplement labels included mandatory and voluntary food information, food supplement information, novel food information, health claims and nutrition claims. Most labels contained the necessary information, but multiple errors were observed ranging from typos to misleading practices. From a food safety perspective there is still a lot of improvement needed in the field of food supplements.
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Arcopilus aureus MaC7A as a New Source of Resveratrol: Assessment of Amino Acid Precursors, Volatiles, and Fungal Enzymes for Boosting Resveratrol Production in Batch Cultures. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical factors that regulate the synthesis of resveratrol (RV) in filamentous fungi are still unknown. This work reports on the RV production by Arcopilus aureus MaC7A under controlled conditions and the effect of amino acid precursors (PHE and TYR), monoterpenes (limonone, camphor, citral, thymol, menthol), and mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes (Glucanex) as elicitors for boosting fungal RV. Batch cultures with variable concentrations of PHE and TYR (50–500 mg L−1) stimulated RV production from 127.9 ± 4.6 to 221.8 ± 5.2 mg L−1 in basic cultures developed in PDB (pH 7) added with 10 g L−1 peptone at 30 °C. Maximum levels of RV and biomass were maintained during days 6–8 under these conditions, whereas a dramatic RV decrease was observed from days 10–12 without any loss of biomass. Among the tested volatiles, citral (50 mg L−1) enhanced RV production until 187.8 ± 2.2 mg L−1 in basic cultures, but better results were obtained with Glucanex (100 mg L−1; 198.3 ± 7.6 mg L−1 RV). Optimized batch cultures containing TYR (200 mg L−1), citral (50 mg L−1), thymol (50 mg L−1), and Glucanex (100 mg L−1) produced up to 237.6 ± 4.7 mg L−1 of RV. Our results suggest that low concentrations of volatiles and mixtures of isoenzymes with β-1, 3 glucanase activity increase the biosynthesis of fungal RV produced by A. aureus MaC7A in batch cultures.
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Paul A, Rajiung M, Zaman K, Chaudhary SK, Shakya A. Quantification of the bioactive marker resveratrol in Morus alba Linn. fruits by high–performance thin–layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Comparative Activity of Six Recombinant Stilbene Synthases in Yeast for Resveratrol Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a nutraceutical with relevant benefits to human health. This investigation reports on the generation and evaluation of six recombinant yeast lines that produce resveratrol from p-coumaric acid. The yeast lines contained a single p-coumaric acid-Co-A ligase from Plagiochasma appendiculatum combined with the stilbene synthases from Parthenocissus henryana, Polygonum cuspidatum, Morus alba var. atropurpurea, Rheum tataricum, Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea. Codon optimized versions of these sequences were inserted in an expression vector flanked by the constitutive PGK and GPD promoters before expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Batch fermentation (60 h) revealed that yeast lines had different capacities (p < 0.01) to produce resveratrol. Slightly acidic pH (6) and concentrations <100 mg L−1 p-coumaric acid improved resveratrol yields. Among the six lines, those containing the stilbene synthases (STS) from P. cuspidatum and M. alba produced up to 39 mg L−1 using 70 mg L−1 p-coumaric acid. On the other hand, lines expressing STS from V. vinifera, A. hypogaea and R. tataricum generated resveratrol faster than other lines but accumulated lower amounts at the end of the batch period (27–30 mg L−1). The simultaneous consumption of ethanol and p-coumaric acid corroborates the role of ethanol as a carbon source involved in the conversion of p-coumaric acid into resveratrol.
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Morelli L, Zór K, Jendresen CB, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MS, Nielsen AT, Boisen A. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering for Quantification of p-Coumaric Acid Produced by Escherichia coli. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3981-3987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Morelli
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Bille Jendresen
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Skorek M, Jesionek W, Majer-Dziedzic B, Sajewicz M, Choma I, Kowalska T. Bioautographic Screening of Antibacterial Properties of Selected Juices, Herbal Infusions, and Cosmetic Ingredients. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1028296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skorek
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wioleta Jesionek
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Irena Choma
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Lotz A, Milz B, Spangenberg B. A New and Sensitive TLC Method to Measure Trans-Resveratrol in Red Wine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1028288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lotz
- Institute of Process Engineering, University of Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Milz
- Institute of Process Engineering, University of Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Spangenberg
- Institute of Process Engineering, University of Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany
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Skorek M, Kozik V, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M. Thin-layer chromatographic quantification of trans-resveratrol in cosmetic raw materials of botanic origin. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.28.2015.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Hettiarachchi CG, Morton DW, Razic S. Analysis of phenolics in wine by high performance thin-layer chromatography with gradient elution and high resolution plate imaging. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:93-9. [PMID: 25255450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Health benefits of wine, especially with red wine, have been linked to the presence of a wide range of phenolic antioxidants. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a simple, high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method combined with high resolution digital plate images to visually compare multiple wine samples simultaneously on a single chromatographic plate and to quantify levels of gallic acid, caffeic acid, resveratrol and rutin, as representatives of the four different classes of phenolics found in wines. We also wanted to investigate the contribution of the investigated phenolic compounds to the total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the wine samples. The average concentrations of caffeic acid, gallic acid, resveratrol, and rutin in the red wines were 2.15, 30.17, 0.59 and 2.47 mg/L respectively with their concentration below limit of quantification in the white wine samples. The highest concentration of resveratrol and rutin is found in the Cabernet and Shiraz wine samples. The amounts of gallic acid are correlated with TPC (r=0.58). Italian wines have the highest correlation between TPC and TAC (r=0.99) although they do not contain detectable amounts of resveratrol, they contain significant amount of rutin. Therefore, antioxidant properties might be associated with the presence of flavanols in these wines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandima G Hettiarachchi
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - David W Morton
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - Slavica Razic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
AbstractThe most important advances in planar chromatography published between November 1, 2011 and November 1, 2013 are reviewed in this paper. Included are an introduction to the current status of the field; student experiments, books, and reviews; theory and fundamental studies; apparatus and techniques for sample preparation and TLC separations (sample application and plate development with the mobile phase); detection and identification of separated zones (chemical and biological detection, TLC/mass spectrometry, and TLC coupled with other spectrometric methods); techniques and instruments for quantitative analysis; preparative layer chromatography; and thin layer radiochromatography. Numerous applications to a great number of compound types and sample matrices are presented in all sections of the review.
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Smrke S, Vovk I. Comprehensive thin-layer chromatography mass spectrometry of flavanols from Juniperus communis L. and Punica granatum L. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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