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Xiang C, Zhu Y, Xu M, Zhang D. Fasudil Ameliorates Osteoporosis Following Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Cardiac Calcitonin Secretion. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1352-1365. [PMID: 35551627 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesis that Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil ameliorates osteoporosis following myocardial infarction (MI) by regulating cardiac calcitonin secretion. A mice model of MI and cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD), and fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β were used, respectively. Cardiac function in vivo was assessed with echocardiography. Osteoporosis in vivo was assessed with X-ray and micro-CT. In vivo and in vitro studies used histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with western blots. In mice post-MI, fasudil ameliorates the microstructure and bone metabolism of the lumbar, improved cardiac function, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis. In vitro, fasudil or αCGRP could effectively inhibit the proliferation of primary fibroblasts treated with TGF-β. Moreover, fasudil ameliorates the cardiac calcitonin secretion induced by MI in vivo or by H/SD in vitro. Our findings suggest that fasudil improved MI-induced osteoporosis by promoting cardiac secreting calcitonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maohua Xu
- Department of Emergency, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Nyawo TA, Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Mthembu SXH, Nyambuya TM, Nkambule BB, Gijsen HSV, Strijdom H, Pheiffer C. A systematic review exploring the significance of measuring epicardial fat thickness in correlation to B-type natriuretic peptide levels as prognostic and diagnostic markers in patients with or at risk of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:665-675. [PMID: 34671870 PMCID: PMC8898254 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that epicardial fat thickness (EFT) may be a critical feature to understand cardiac health and determine the risk of heart failure. The current review critically assesses and discusses evidence on the efficiency of measuring EFT, in comparison to the well-known markers B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as a prognostic and diagnostic approach in individuals with or at risk of heart failure. A systematic approach was undertaken to search major databases, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library to identify studies that quantified EFT and serum BNP/NT-proBNP levels in individuals with or at risk of heart failure. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 1983 participants were included in this systematic review. Evidence shows a clear association between increased EFT and elevated BNP/NT-proBNP levels in individuals with metabolic disease and suggests that both methods can be used for heart failure diagnosis and prognosis. However, due to the broad spectrum of challenges linked with measuring EFT, BNP/Pro-BNP is the predominant method used for heart failure diagnosis and prognosis in clinical practice. Nonetheless, measuring EFT provides a powerful and reproducible diagnostic tool for risk stratification and heart failure diagnosis and prognosis. Importantly, measuring EFT proves valuable to validate BNP/NT-proBNP levels to predict heart failure, especially due to its non-invasive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thembeka A Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.,Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa. .,Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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