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Nakayama Y, Tsuruta R, Koganezawa T. 'Molecular Beam Epitaxy' on Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals: Characterization of Well-Defined Molecular Interfaces by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7119. [PMID: 36295203 PMCID: PMC9605552 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth, often termed "epitaxy", is one of the most essential techniques underpinning semiconductor electronics, because crystallinities of the materials seriously dominate operation efficiencies of the electronic devices such as power gain/consumption, response speed, heat loss, and so on. In contrast to already well-established epitaxial growth methodologies for inorganic (covalent or ionic) semiconductors, studies on inter-molecular (van der Waals) epitaxy for organic semiconductors is still in the initial stage. In the present review paper, we briefly summarize recent works on the epitaxial inter-molecular junctions built on organic semiconductor single-crystal surfaces, particularly on single crystals of pentacene and rubrene. Experimental methodologies applicable for the determination of crystal structures of such organic single-crystal-based molecular junctions are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Tsuruta R, Hosokai T, Yamanaka S, Yoshida K, Mizuno Y, Koganezawa T, Nakayama Y. Evolution of crystallinity at a well-defined molecular interface of epitaxial C 60 on the single crystal rubrene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:154001. [PMID: 30634171 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafde0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Uniform and well-defined interfaces are required for clarification of fundamental processes at internal interfaces between donor and acceptor molecules constituting organic optoelectronic devices. In this study, evolution of a well-ordered molecular interface, epitaxially grown C60 on the single crystal rubrene (C42H28) surface, was accurately investigated by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD) techniques. Contrasting to the case of C60 on the single crystal pentacene forming uniquely aligned epitaxial interfaces, coexistence of two inequivalent crystalline domains of C60 was identified on the single crystal rubrene. Nevertheless, crystallinity of C60/rubrene exhibited even more remarkable improvement to extend its in-plane average crystallite size up to 250 nm as the growth temperature was raised. Probable leading factors determining the structures and crystallinity of the well-defined molecular interfaces are discussed based on close comparison of the present results with the C60/pentacene interfaces. The techniques presented herein for enhancement of the crystallinity in epitaxial molecular interfaces are potentially applicable to development in the photoelectric power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) via improved charge carrier mobility in donor-acceptor interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tsuruta
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Wu J, Li Q, Xue G, Chen H, Li H. Preparation of Single-Crystalline Heterojunctions for Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606101. [PMID: 28234418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline heterojunctions are composed of different single crystals interfaced together. The intrinsic highly ordered heterostructure in these multicomponent solids holds the capacity for multifunctions, as well as superior charge-transporting properties, promising high-performance electronic applications such as ambipolar transistors and solar cells. However, this kind of heterojunction is not easily available and the preparation methods need to be developed. Recent advances in the efficient strategies that have emerged in yielding high-quality single-crystalline heterojunctions are highlighted here. The advantages and limitations of each strategy are also discussed. The obtained single-crystalline heterojunctions have started to exhibit rich physical properties, including metallic conduction, photovoltaic effects, and so on. Further structural optimization of the heterojunctions to accommodate the electronic device configuration is necessary to significantly advance this research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qinfen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guobiao Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Nakayama Y, Mizuno Y, Hosokai T, Koganezawa T, Tsuruta R, Hinderhofer A, Gerlach A, Broch K, Belova V, Frank H, Yamamoto M, Niederhausen J, Glowatzki H, Rabe JP, Koch N, Ishii H, Schreiber F, Ueno N. Epitaxial Growth of an Organic p-n Heterojunction: C60 on Single-Crystal Pentacene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13499-13505. [PMID: 27171402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing molecular p-n heterojunction structures, i.e., electron donor-acceptor contacts, is one of the central challenges for further development of organic electronic devices. In the present study, a well-defined p-n heterojunction of two representative molecular semiconductors, pentacene and C60, formed on the single-crystal surface of pentacene is precisely investigated in terms of its growth behavior and crystallographic structure. C60 assembles into a (111)-oriented face-centered-cubic crystal structure with a specific epitaxial orientation on the (001) surface of the pentacene single crystal. The present experimental findings provide molecular scale insights into the formation mechanisms of the organic p-n heterojunction through an accurate structural analysis of the single-crystalline molecular contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Mizuno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Valentina Belova
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Frank
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Jens Niederhausen
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Glowatzki
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, DE-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hisao Ishii
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nobuo Ueno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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