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A phase 2a randomized vehicle-controlled multi-center study of the safety and efficacy of delgocitinib in subjects with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:181-189. [PMID: 35230488 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata/AA is an autoimmune cause of nonscarring hair loss. The pathogenesis of AA involves many immune axes, including Th1/Th2 pathways. Delgocitinib is a pan-Janus kinase/JAK inhibitor that broadly blocks pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been effective in other inflammatory skin conditions. Recent human studies/reports have shown that use of some systemic JAK inhibitors led to hair regrowth, suggesting this medication class as a potential therapy for AA. However, topical treatment is desirable due to potential systemic side effects. To assess the efficacy and safety of topical delgocitinib in AA, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical trial in 31 moderate-to-severe AA patients that were randomized 2:1 to receive delgocitinib ointment 30 mg/g (n = 20) or ointment vehicle (n = 11) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in severity of Alopecia Tool/SALT score from baseline to week 12. The secondary endpoint included safety profile by reported adverse events. Twenty-three subjects completed the trial, with eight discontinuing mostly due to voluntary withdrawal. Ten patients receiving delgocitinib ointment and three patients receiving vehicle showed SALT score improvements after 12 weeks, but the mean percent SALT improvement at week 12 compared to baseline between the two arms was not significant (p = 0.92). Our study suggests that delgocitinib ointment is not effective in moderate-to-severe AA, likely due to its inability to penetrate sufficiently deeply into the dermis of the scalp, but larger studies are necessary to assess whether a different formulation of topical JAK inhibitors may be suitable to treat mild or more localized forms of AA.
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2
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Barati Sedeh F, Michaelsdóttir TE, Henning MAS, Jemec GBE, Ibler KS. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors Used in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00855. [PMID: 36695751 PMCID: PMC10391778 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata, measured by change in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane library. All studies investigating the efficacy of treatments for alopecia areata were included. Primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with alopecia areata achieving 30%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 100% improvement in SALT score after treatment with a Janus kinase inhibitor. A meta-analysis was performed including all randomized controlled trials investigating Janus kinase inhibitors. A total of 37 studies matched the inclusion criteria and were included. Meta-analysis was performed based on 5 randomized studies. Regarding patients with alopecia areata defined as ≥ 50% scalp hair loss, baricitinib 4 mg once daily demonstrated the highest efficacy. However, among patients with alopecia areata defined as a SALT score ≥ 50, oral deuruxolitinib 12 mg twice daily demonstrated the highest efficacy. Deuruxolitinib and baricitinib appear to be promising drugs for the treatment of alopecia areata. However, the response depends on the dosage of the drug. More randomized trials, with identical inclusion criteria and dose and duration of treatment, are required to confirm these findings.
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Dillon KAL. A Comprehensive Literature Review of JAK Inhibitors in Treatment of Alopecia Areata. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:691-714. [PMID: 34211288 PMCID: PMC8242127 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s309215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated form of nonscarring alopecia that is multifactorial and results in localized patches. It is often described as a self-limiting condition that results in the spontaneous regrowth of hair in most cases. However, this regrowth may take several months or years to occur in some patients, leading to the development of psychoemotional trauma in those that are affected. Although several therapies for AA have been developed and tested, there is no specific treatment that has been approved, leading to the availability of many off-label conventional treatment options, with very limited responses. More recently, with the advancement of pre-clinical and genetic studies, a greater understanding of the pathomechanisms involved in the development of AA has been uncovered. This has resulted in the introduction of targeted therapies that use small molecules to block specific pathways involved in AA pathophysiology. As such, the use of janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for treatment of AA has emerged. JAK inhibitors block the T-cell mediated inflammatory response thought to be the driving factor behind AA pathogenesis, by inhibiting the janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, leading to a reversal of hair loss in AA patients. Thus, in an effort to demonstrate the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AA, several studies have been published within recent years. However, the question remains, “Are JAK inhibitors effective and safe in the management of Alopecia Areata?”. This review aims to provide a comprehensive report on the role, efficacy, and outcomes of using JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AA. To competently answer the research question highlighted, the most recent, quality articles published over a 10–15-year period were sourced using PubMed, NCBI, Research gate, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and Google scholar. The literature search was primarily focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, in the absence of such, only the most recently published case reports, case series, clinical trials and open-label studies published to date were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann L Dillon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada.,Department of Dermatology, School of Health, Sport & Professional Practice, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, South Wales, UK
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4
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Inhibidores de JAK: usos en dermatología. Parte 1: generalidades, aplicaciones en vitíligo y en alopecia areata. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Montilla AM, Gómez-García F, Gómez-Arias PJ, Gay-Mimbrera J, Hernández-Parada J, Isla-Tejera B, Ruano J. Scoping Review on the Use of Drugs Targeting JAK/STAT Pathway in Atopic Dermatitis, Vitiligo, and Alopecia Areata. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:655-683. [PMID: 31606872 PMCID: PMC6828894 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in the immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, and alopecia areata (AA), and represents a potential target when developing treatments. So far, no drugs targeting this pathway have been approved for the treatment of dermatological diseases. We reviewed the use of drugs blocking the JAK/STAT pathway in the aforementioned diseases. METHODS An a priori protocol was published. We used Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual methodology to conduct the review and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) to report results. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in a three-step approach on April 2019 by two researchers. RESULTS Ninety-six mainly multicenter observational studies were included (66, 10, and 20 studies on AA, vitiligo, and AD, respectively). Tofacitinib and ruxolitinib were mainly used for the three diseases, and also upadacitinib, abrocitinib, baricitinib, cerdulatinib, delgocitinib, gusacitinib for AD, and baricitinib, PF-06700841, and PF-06651600 for AA. All patients with AD improved, whereas patients with vitiligo and patients with AA showed varied responses, including unresponsive cases. The safety profiles were similar for all drugs and diseases, mainly comprising mild or no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on the efficacy and safety of drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for the treatment of patients with AD, vitiligo, or AA is increasing but is still of low quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Montilla
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-García
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro J Gómez-Arias
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Gay-Mimbrera
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Isla-Tejera
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Ruano
- Immune-mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases Group, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Dermatology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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de Oliveira AB, Alpalhão M, Filipe P, Maia-Silva J. The role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata: A systematic review. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13053. [PMID: 31381252 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring alopecia, which often carries a major impact on patients' quality of life. Currently there is no single approved treatment that effectively induces permanent remission. Recently, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway has emerged as a possible therapeutic target leading to increased interest in the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKis) in the treatment of this pathology. This review of the literature summarizes information on patients with AA who underwent treatment with JAKis and discusses the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of its use. A literature search was conducted in different databases to identify clinical trials and case reports published in January 2019. Several clinical studies have shown very promising results in the treatment of AA with oral formulas of JAKis. These agents, however, need chronic administration to maintain response. Topical formulations did not show satisfactory responses. The safety profile of these agents appears to be favorable. Current evidence is promising regarding the efficacy and safety of oral JAKis. However, the data obtained are of low quality, originating predominantly from reports of clinical cases. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and to optimize its long-term efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Alpalhão
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Dermatology Investigation Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Filipe
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Dermatology Investigation Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universitary Clinic of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Maia-Silva
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Dermatology Investigation Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universitary Clinic of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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[Postmenopausal lichen planopilaris also known as fibrosing frontotemporal alopecia Kossard : An evidence-oriented practical guide to treatment from the University of the Saarland, Hair Research Center of the Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Foundation]. Hautarzt 2019; 69:134-142. [PMID: 29362834 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-017-4118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal lichen planopilaris (PLPP), also known as fibrosing frontotemporal alopecia Kossard (FFAK), is a not uncommon inflammatory scalp disease affecting approximately 5% of patients at specialized hair centers. The overall incidence of sporadic occurrence is believed to be just under 1% in the older, predominantly female, general population. Since the disease is often undiagnosed, it is statistically likely to be underrepresented. It especially occurs in postmenopausal women who are in the 6th and 7th decade of life (90%), but also in about 10% of premenopausal women, and in men it is documented only in isolated cases. The result is a permanent scarring hair loss accentuated at the front hairline with backward movement towards the neck mostly accompanied by a typical loss of the eyebrows. The disease therefore often leads to significant mental distress and social anxiety in those affected. This is the basis for a compelling need to develop evidence-based therapeutic concepts. While numerous retrospective case series have characterized the phenomenology of FFAK very well, to date there are no randomized controlled trials on evidence-based therapy. Here, we present the Homburger Evidence-Oriented Therapy Algorithm, which is oriented along the available case series evidence: It may (1) serve as a therapy guide for practice and (2) can be used as a basis for working out reliable data based on study evidence. The article contains detailed practical information on photo documentation, biopsy and histological processing up to the practical implementation of, for example, intralesional steroid therapy as well as information on selection criteria for suitable systemic therapies.
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Phan K, Sebaratnam DF. JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:850-856. [PMID: 30762909 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been a number of case reports and small clinical trials reporting promising outcomes of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors tofacitinib, ruxolitinib and baricitinib for alopecia areata (AA). The majority of the literature to date is based on small volume data, with a lack of definitive evidence or guidelines. To determine the expected response of AA to JAK inhibitor therapy and factors which influence response and recurrence rates. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. From 30 studies and 289 cases, there were 72.4% responders, good responders 45.7% and partial responders 21.4%. Mean time to initial hair growth was 2.2 ± 6.7 months, and time to complete hair regrowth was 6.7 ± 2.2 months. All 37 recurrences occurred when treatment was ceased after 2.7 months. Oral route was significantly associated with response to treatment compared to topical therapy. No difference was found between paediatric and adult cases in proportion of responses. There is promising low-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors in AA. Future large-sized randomized studies are required to confirm findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Phan
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D F Sebaratnam
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Departments of Dermatology, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Crowley EL, Fine SC, Katipunan KK, Gooderham MJ. The Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Literature. J Cutan Med Surg 2019; 23:289-297. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475418824079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that targets hair follicle epithelium, thereby restricting hair growth in localized patches. Although several therapies for AA have been tested, responses with traditional therapies have been limited. In recent years, numerous reports have been published of patients with AA responding to Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. This literature review aims to describe AA pathophysiology, explore how and why JAK inhibitors can be used for AA treatment, and review published case reports, case series, and open-label studies published to date. Pathogenesis of AA includes interactions between genetic, environmental, and immune factors and is mediated by the cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-15. JAK inhibition resulting in hair regrowth in some cases supports that AA is associated with the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. The emergence of JAK inhibitors for AA therapy is changing the way health care providers think about and treat AA. A mixture of animal model studies and human case studies have reported the use of baricitinib (JAK 1/2), ruxolitinib (JAK 1/2), and tofacitinib (JAK 1/3) for the management of AA. JAK inhibition has shown potential as an effective AA therapy when used in case studies, case series, and open-label trials. Formal clinical trials are ongoing and will yield more definitive conclusions about the safety and efficacy of JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Crowley
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Shamone C. Fine
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Kwan Katipunan
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Melinda J. Gooderham
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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10
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Gordon SC, Abudu M, Zancanaro P, Ko JM, Rosmarin D. Rebound effect associated with JAK inhibitor use in the treatment of alopecia areata. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e156-e157. [PMID: 30520145 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Gordon
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #114, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - M Abudu
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #114, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - P Zancanaro
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #114, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - J M Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 2150, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Rosmarin
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box #114, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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11
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Triyangkulsri K, Suchonwanit P. Role of janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2323-2335. [PMID: 30100707 PMCID: PMC6067625 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common hair loss disorder worldwide with characteristic exclamation mark hairs. Although AA is self-limited, it can last for several months or even years in some patients. Currently, there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for AA. Many off-label treatments are available but with limited efficacy. Through a better understanding of molecular biology, many targeted therapies have emerged as new alternatives for various autoimmune diseases. Various janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins form signaling pathways, which transmit extracellular cytokine signals to the nucleus and induce DNA transcriptions. By inhibiting JAK, T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses are suppressed. Increasing evidence suggests that JAK inhibitors (JAKis) are effective in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases, including AA. Among these, several studies on tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and baricitinib in AA had been published, demonstrating promising outcomes of these agents. Unlike oral formulations, efficacy of topical forms of tofacitinib and ruxolitinib reported in these studies is still unsatisfactory and requires improvement. This review aims to summarize evidence of the efficacy and safety of JAKis in the treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korn Triyangkulsri
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | - Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
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12
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Wang EHC, Sallee BN, Tejeda CI, Christiano AM. JAK Inhibitors for Treatment of Alopecia Areata. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1911-1916. [PMID: 30057345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of genetic and preclinical studies has uncovered the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). The development of targeted therapies using small molecules blocking specific pathways for the treatment of AA is underway. By repurposing Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecule JAK inhibitors as treatments for AA, it has been demonstrated that JAK inhibitors can effectively reverse hair loss in patients with moderate to severe AA. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current preclinical and clinical studies on JAK inhibitors, as well as the prospects of using JAK inhibitors for the treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy H C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brigitte N Sallee
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina I Tejeda
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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13
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Updyke KM. Janus kinase inhibitors for the use of alopecia areata: A promising therapeutic of the future. Dermatol Ther 2017; 31. [PMID: 29124830 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Mariko Updyke
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827
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