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Eriksson ESE, Santos DJVAD, Guedes RC, Eriksson LA. Properties and Permeability of Hypericin and Brominated Hypericin in Lipid Membranes. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:3139-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9002702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. E. Eriksson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. V. A. dos Santos
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leif A. Eriksson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden, Modelling and Simulation Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-019 Lisbon, Portugal, and School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Blank M, Kostenich G, Lavie G, Kimel S, Keisari Y, Orenstein A. Wavelength-dependent Properties of Photodynamic Therapy Using Hypericin in vitro and in an Animal Model¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760335wdpopt2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wen J, Chowdhury P, Fulton DB, Datta A, Das K, Andreotti AH, Petrich JW. Does Solvent Influence the Ground-state Tautomeric Population of Hypericin?¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770005dsitgs2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shen L, Ji HF, Zhang HY. Anion of hypericin is crucial to understanding the photosensitive features of the pigment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1414-7. [PMID: 16337376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitive behaviors of hypericin (HYP) have attracted much attention, because of HYP's great potential in photodynamic therapy. It has been found that HYP differs from homologous pigments, such as hypocrellin A (HA), in photosensitive features. For instance, despite the comparable triplet state quantum yields, HYP holds a much lower singlet oxygen yield than HA. To understand the unique photosensitive behaviors of HYP, time-dependent density functional theory is employed to calculate a series of excited-state properties of HYP and its anion (dominant in polar solvents), which are then compared with excited-state properties of HA. It is revealed that the stronger electron-donating power of HYP anion than that of HA is responsible for the HYP's photosensitive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Center for Advanced Study, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
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Wen J, Chowdhury P, Fulton DB, Datta A, Das K, Andreotti AH, Petrich JW. Does solvent influence the ground-state tautomeric population of hypericin? Photochem Photobiol 2003; 77:5-9. [PMID: 12856875 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0005:dsitgs>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements indicate that hypericin exists in the same "normal" tautomeric form irrespective of whether the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran. This result is discussed in the context of previous experimental and theoretical work. It is concluded that solvent perturbations cannot induce tautomerization in hypericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Blank M, Kostenich G, Lavie G, Kimel S, Keisari Y, Orenstein A. Wavelength-dependent properties of photodynamic therapy using hypericin in vitro and in an animal model. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:335-40. [PMID: 12403456 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0335:wdpopt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wavelength effects in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hypericin (HY) were examined in a C26 colon carcinoma model both in vitro and in vivo. Irradiation of HY-sensitized cells in vitro with either 550 or 590 nm caused the loss of cell viability in a drug- and light-dose-dependent manner. The calculated ratio of HY-based PDT (HY-PDT) efficiencies at these two wavelengths was found to correlate with the numerical ratio of absorbed photons at each wavelength. In vivo irradiation of C26-derived tumors, 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of HY (5 mg/kg), caused extensive vascular damage and tumor necrosis. The depth of tumor necrosis (d) was more pronounced at 590 than at 550 nm and increased when the light dose was raised from 60 to 120 J/cm2. The maximal depths of tumor necrosis (at 120 J/cm2) were 7.5+/-1.5 mm at 550 nm and 9.9+/-0.8 mm at 590 nm. Both values are rather high in view of the limited penetration of green-yellow light into the tissue. Moreover, the depth ratio, d590/d550 = 1.3 (P < 0.001), is smaller than expected considering the 2.2-fold lower HY absorbance and the 1.7-fold lower tissue penetration of radiation at 550 than at 590 nm. This finding indicates that in vivo the depth at which HY-PDT elicits tumor necrosis is not only determined by photophysical considerations (light penetration, number of absorbed photons) but is also influenced significantly by other mechanisms such as vascular effects. Therefore, despite the relatively short-wavelength peaks of absorption, our observations suggest that HY is an effective photodynamic agent that can be useful in the treatment of tumors with depths in the range of 1 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blank
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Skalkos D, Tatsis E, Gerothanassis IP, Troganis A. Towards a consensus structure of hypericin in solution: direct evidence for a single tautomer and different ionization states in protic and nonprotic solvents by the use of variable temperature gradient 1H NMR. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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