1
|
Perspectives on dendritic architectures and their biological applications: From core to cell. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:61-83. [PMID: 28564631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The challenges of medicine today include the increasing stipulation for sensitive and effective systems that can improve the pathological responses with a simultaneous reduction in accumulation and drug side effects. The demand can be fulfilled through the advancements in nanomedicine that includes nanostructures and nanodevices for diagnosing, treating, and prevention of various diseases. In this respect, the nanoscience provides various novel techniques with carriers such as micelles, dendrimers, particles and vesicles for the transportation of active moieties. Further, an efficient way to improve these systems is through stimuli a responsive system that utilizes supramolecular hyperbranched structures to meet the above criteria. The stimuli-responsive dendritic architectures exhibit spatial, temporal, convenient, effective, safety and controlled drug release in response to specific trigger through electrostatic interactions plus π stacking. The stimuli-responsive systems are capable of sequestering the drug molecules underneath a predefined set of conditions and discharge them in a different environment through either exogenous or endogenous stimulus. The incorporation of photoresponsive moieties at various components of dendrimer such as core, branches or at the peripheral end exaggerates its significance in various allied fields of nanotechnology which includes sensors, photoswitch, electronic widgets and in drug delivery systems. This is due to the light instigated geometrical modifications at the core or at the surface molecules which generates huge conformational changes throughout the hyperbranched structure. Further, numerous synthetic methodologies have been investigated for utilization of dendrimers in therapeutic drug delivery and its applicability towards stimuli responsive systems such as photo-instigated, thermal-instigated, and pH-instigated hyperbranched structures and their advancement in the field of nanomedicine. This paper highlights the fascinating theoretical advances and principal mechanisms of dendrimer synthesis and their ability to capture light that strengthens its applicability from radiant energy to medical photonics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakazato S, Arai T. Solvent Effect on Fluorescence Properties of Stilbene Dendrimer Surrounded by Benzyl-Ether Dendrons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakazato S, Arai T. Photoisomerization and Single Bond Rotation in trans-1,2-Di(2-naphthyl)ethene-Cored Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakazato
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coelho PJ, Castro MCR, Raposo MMM. Reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of new pyrrolidene heterocyclic imines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Suzuki M, Momotake A, Kanna Y, Nishimura Y, Hirota K, Morihashi K, Arai T. Photochemistry of arylacetylenyl-substituted stilbenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Takizawa T, Arai T. Control of Photoisomerization in Water-soluble Stilbene Dendrimers by Conformation of Dendrons: How Water-soluble Dendrimer Molecules Are Dissolved in Water. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takizawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakazato S, Takizawa T, Arai T. Photoisomerization and energy transfer in naphthalene-terminated stilbene dendrimers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:885-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Takizawa T, Arai T. Remote Controlled Intramolecular Exciplex Formation and Enhanced Photoisomerization in Stilbene-cored Poly(benzyl ether) Dendrimers with Alkoxycarbonyl Surface Functional Groups. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
9
|
Miura Y, Momotake A, Kanna Y, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Unusually efficient trans-to-cis photoisomerization of diphenylbutadiene dendrimers in water. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1524-6. [PMID: 21858351 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A diphenylbutadiene-cored dendrimer exhibited a remarkably high quantum yield for trans-to-cis photoisomerization in aqueous solution. Analysis of the fluorescence lifetimes and the wavelength-dependent excitation spectra suggested that the core butadiene adopts multiple conformations, one or several of which is sufficiently distorted to undergo preferential photoisomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Miura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miura Y, Momotake A, Takeuchi K, Arai T. The use of dendrimers as high-performance shells for round-trip energy transfer: efficient trans-cisphotoisomerization from an excited triplet state produced within a dendrimer shell. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:116-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Li H, Gao F, Wang C, Wang J, Zhang S. Molecular geometry optimization, two-photon absorption and electrochemistry of new diphenylethylene derivatives linking with benzophenone moiety through ether covalent bond. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:327-38. [PMID: 20945081 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the molecular geometry optimization, two-photon absorption and electrochemistry of new dyes containing benzophenone part, including 4-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C1), 4-[N-methyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C2), 4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenylethylene (C3), and 4-N, N-bis[(2-(p-benzoyl-benzyloxy)yl-ethyl]-4'-nitro-diphenyl ethylene (C4). The molecular structural parameters show that the coplanarity of diphenylethylene moiety is diminished in the excited state for C1, while it is enhanced for C2, C3 and C4. The electron density distribution of frontier orbital suggests that the derivatives exhibit (π, π) transition with internal charge transfer character, and the extent of charge transfer of C2, C3 and C4 is larger than that of C1. The derivatives display remarkable two-photon absorption (TPA) induced up-converted emission under 800 nm Ti: Sapphire femtosecond laser excitation. The maximal TPA emission wavelength of C2, C3 and C4 is red-shifted with respect to that of C1. TPA cross sections of C2, C3 and C4 are larger than those of C1. The cyclic voltammograms and the fluorescence lifetimes of the derivatives were determined and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and spectroscopy of novel branched fluorescent dyes containing benzophenone parts and the possibility as fluorescence probes. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:149-59. [PMID: 20585975 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new fluorescent family of branched dyes containing benzophenone unit including 4-N, N-diphenylamino-4'-phenacyl-stilbene (C1), 4,4'-di(4-benzoylphenylethylene)yl-triphenylamine (C2) and 4,4',4″-tri(4-benzoylphenylethylene)yl-triphenylamine (C3). Benzophenone part is coupled with core through C-C double bond. The chemical structures of the derivatives are characterized with (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. Strong π-π stacking interactions are discovered with the analysis of the X-ray crystallographic data of C1. The absorption maxima and emission maxima of the derivatives exhibit gradual bathochromic shift from C1 to C3. The optical density of C1, C2 and C3 are shown to be related to the number of branches. The changes of dipole moments between the excited and ground states for C1, C2 and C3 were estimated to be 4.356, 8.091 and 8.479 Derby, respectively by Lippert equation, confirming that the internal charge transfer (ICT) dominates the process of excited singlet state. The possibility as fluorescence probes of the derivatives on the estimation of what region of micelles interacting with samples was evaluated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Efficiently Tuning the Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Novel Branched p-Nitro-stilbene Derivatives with Chemical Strategy. J Fluoresc 2009; 20:353-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Mitsuno C, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Takahashi K, Nagahata R, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Stilbene-cored poly(glutamate) dendrimers. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Ritter S, Neudörfl JM, Velder J, Schmalz HG. trans-1,2-Bis(3,5-dimethoxy-phen-yl)ethene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2150. [PMID: 21577559 PMCID: PMC2969882 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680903116x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C18H20O4, was prepared in high yield from 3,5-dimethoxystyrene via a Ru-catalysed homo-olefin metathesis. Exclusive formation of the E-configurated isomer was observed. Interestingly, one symmetric unit contains two molecules adopting an s-syn-anti and and an all-s-anti conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ritter
- Department für Chemie der Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshimura N, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Takahashi K, Nagahata R, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Synthesis and Photochemical Characteristics of Amphiphilic Enediyne Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Kato K, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Sato T, Takahashi K, Nagahata R, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Photochemical Properties of 3,3′-Disubstituted Stilbene Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Akatsuka R, Shinohara Y, Sato T, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Fluorescence Characteristics of Naphthalene Dendrimers at Low Concentration in Aqueous Solution. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Li H, Gao F, Asato AE, Liu RSH. A comprehensive investigation of the interrelationships between spectroscopy and photochemistry and substituents of some azulenic derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 69:272-7. [PMID: 17588804 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Several azulenic dyes, including six azulene hydrocarbons, two azulene aldehydes, and two olefinic azulenes, have been synthesized to survey their photophysics and photochemistry. These azulenes display S(2)-->S(0) emission, but with several differences. This is the most remarkable characteristic of the effect of orbital control on color and excited state properties of the azulenic compounds. This paper emphasizes how emission spectra and photochemistry of azulenic compounds are influenced by their chemical structure and solvent. The emission spectra of the azulene hydrocarbons suggest that their excited state properties can be controlled by their molecular structure and size. It was confirmed by emission and (1)H NMR spectroscopy that azulene monoaldehyde is protonated in a strong acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Photochemistry of styrylazulenes was observed during irradiation. Azulenic compounds are thermally stable and color tunable, and hence they are good candidates as non-linear optical materials. Based on their unique photochemical and photophysical characteristics, novel azulenic dyes can be constructed for different uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Okamoto T, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Nagahata R, Arai T. Isomer Specific Solvent Effect on Photoisomerization of Photoresponsive Polyphenylene Dendrimers with a Stilbene Core. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Schulz A, Meier H. Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers functionalized with stilbene or 1,4-distyrylbenzene chromophores. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Yoshimura N, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Enediyne-Type Dendrimers with Benzyl Ether Dendrons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
23
|
Watanabe S, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. Photoisomerization and Fluorescence Properties ofpara-Substituted Benzyl Ether-Type Stilbene Dendrimers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Miura Y, Momotake A, Shinohara Y, Wahadoszamen M, Nishimura Y, Arai T. The first observation of the effect of dendritic structure to produce the triplet excited state of the core stilbene by dendron excitation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Hayakawa J, Ikegami M, Mizutani T, Wahadoszamen M, Momotake A, Nishimura Y, Arai T. Solvent Effect on the Photochemical Properties of Symmetrically Substituted trans-3,3‘,5,5‘-Tetramethoxystilbene. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12566-71. [PMID: 17107105 DOI: 10.1021/jp065075p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical properties of trans-3,3',5,5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMST) have been studied in various polar solvents. The Stokes shift of trans-TMST was found to be increased with increasing solvent polarity. The fluorescence lifetime of trans-TMST experienced a large solvent effect changing from 2.3 ns in cyclohexane to 16.6 ns in acetonitrile. These results indicate that the excited singlet state of trans-TMST has a charge-transfer (CT) character. On the basis of the obtained results, the interior polar environment of a water-soluble TMST dendrimer is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fengqiang Z, Motoyoshiya J, Nishii Y, Aoyama H, Kakehi A, Shiro M. Different photochemical behavior of bis(biphenyl)ethylenes and ethenes in solution and in the solid-state: Structurally controlled Z/E-photoisomerization in the solid-state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Koike R, Katayose Y, Ohta A, Motoyoshiya J, Nishii Y, Aoyama H. Poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers with strongly fluorescent distyrylbenzene cores as the fluorophores for peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence: insulating effect of dendritic structures on fluorescent sites. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Liu J, Boarman KJ, Wendt NL, Cardenas LM. Regiospecific photoisomerization of fluorinated (E,E)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
Momotake A, Horiuchi H, Hayakawa J, Mizutani T, Nishimura Y, Hiratsuka H, Arai T. Study on Oxygen Quenching Processes of the Excited State Dendrimer Molecules. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
The photochemical isomerization of cross-linked 1,3,5-tristyrylbenzene dendrimer with hula-twist mechanism. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Hara M, Samori S, Cai X, Tojo S, Arai T, Momotake A, Hayakawa J, Uda M, Kawai K, Endo M, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Inhibition of the Formation and Decay of Stilbene Core Radical Cations by the Dendron during the Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:973-6. [PMID: 16866467 DOI: 10.1021/jp045777j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formation and decay processes of stilbene core radical cation (ST*+) during the photoinduced electron transfer have been studied for a series of stilbene bearing benzyl ether-type dendrons (D). ST*+ and the radical cation of peripheral dendron (D*+) were generated by intermolecular hole transfer from biphenyl radical cation, which was generated from photoinduced electron transfer from biphenyl to the singlet-excited 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in a mixture of acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane (3:1). An intramolecular dimer radical cation of benzyl groups at the terminal of stilbene dendrimer was indicated as a hole trapping site. Subsequent hole transfer from the trapping site to the core ST generated ST*+. The shielding effects of D depending on the dendrimer generation on the growth and decay of ST*+ were observed. It was revealed for the first time that D acts as the hole trapping site and the hole conductor on the way of the exothermic hole transfer from the terminal of D to the central core ST. We also found that D inhibits the charge recombination with 9,10-dicyanoanthracene radical anion because of the steric hindrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hara M, Samori S, Cai X, Tojo S, Arai T, Momotake A, Hayakawa J, Uda M, Kawai K, Endo M, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Effects of Benzyl Ether Type Dendrons as Hole-Harvesting Antennas, and Shielding for the Neutralization of Stilbene Core Radical Cations with Chloride Ion during Two-Photon Ionization of Stilbene Dendrimers Having Stilbene Core and Benzyl Ether Type Dendrons. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14217-23. [PMID: 15506788 DOI: 10.1021/ja046650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two-photon ionization (TPI) process (308 and 266 nm) of stilbene dendrimers having a stilbene core and benzyl ether type dendrons has been investigated in an acetonitrile and 1,2-dichloroethane mixture (3:1) in order to elucidate the dendrimer effects. The quantum yield of the formation of stilbene core radical cation during the 308-nm TPI was independent of the dendron generation of the dendrimers, whereas a generation dependence of the quantum yield of the radical cation was observed during the 266-nm TPI, where both the stilbene core and benzyl ether type dendron were ionized, suggesting that the subsequent hole transfer occurs from the dendron to the stilbene core, and that the dendron acts as a hole-harvesting antenna. The neutralization rate of the stilbene core radical cation with the chloride ion, generated from the dissociative electron capture by 1,2-dichloroethane, decreased with the increase in the dendrimer generation, suggesting that the dendron is an effective shield of the stilbene core radical cation against the chloride ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tatewaki H, Baden N, Momotake A, Arai T, Terazima M. Dynamics of Water-Soluble Stilbene Dendrimers upon Photoisomerization. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048474y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tatewaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Baden
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsuya Momotake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Momotake A, Arai T. Synthesis, excited state properties, and dynamic structural change of photoresponsive dendrimers. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
Momotake A, Hayakawa J, Nagahata R, Arai T. The Photochemical Specific Isomerization of Dendritic Stilbenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
36
|
Momotake A, Arai T. Photochemistry and photophysics of stilbene dendrimers and related compounds. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Vicinelli V, Ceroni P, Maestri M, Lazzari M, Balzani V, Lee SK, Heyst Jv JV, Vogtle F. Photochemical and photophysical properties of a poly(propylene amine) dendrimer functionalised with E-stilbene units. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2207-13. [PMID: 15280957 DOI: 10.1039/b404463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A second generation poly(propylene amine) dendrimer functionalized at the periphery with eight E-stilbene and eight 4-tert-butylbenzenesulfonyl units has been prepared. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and decay, E<==>Z photoisomerization, and photocyclization of the Z-isomer of the stilbene units have been investigated in air equilibrated acetonitrile solutions. For comparison purposes, a reference compound of the peripheral dendrimer units, namely 4-tert-butyl-N-propyl-N-(4-styryl-benzyl)-benzenesulfonamide, has also been studied. The quantum yield of the E-->Z photoisomerization reaction (0.30) and the fluorescence quantum yield of the E isomer (0.014) are substantially smaller for the units appended to the dendrimer compared to those of the reference compound (0.50 and 0.046, respectively). The presence of a red tail and the biexponential decay of the emission band of the dendrimer indicate formation of excimers between the stilbene units appended at the poly(propylene amine) dendritic structure. Under the experimental conditions used (lambda(exc)= 313 nm), a Z/E photostationary state (around 9 : 1 for both reference compound and dendrimer ) is reached in the time scale of minutes. On continuing irradiation, other photoreactions take place in the time scale of hours: the stilbene moiety of compound undergoes photocyclization to phenanthrene (quantum yield 0.015), whereas in dendrimer photocyclization to phenanthrene is accompanied by other processes, including a photoreaction involving the internal amine groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vicinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Universita di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hayakawa J, Momotake A, Nagahata R, Arai T. Controlling the Hydrophobic Properties of Water-soluble Stilbene Dendrimers. CHEM LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2003.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
39
|
Tatewaki H, Mizutani T, Hayakawa J, Arai T, Terazima M. Energy Releasing and Conformational Dynamics of Stilbene Dendrimers upon Photoisomerization. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tatewaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizutani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Junpei Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masahide Terazima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Momotake A, Uda M, Arai T. Photochemical cyclization reaction in cis-tetramethoxystilbene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Tanaka K, Hiratsuka T, Ohba S, Naimi-Jamal MR, Kaupp G. Unidirectionalcis-trans photoisomerization ofcis-3,3?-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)stilbene in inclusion complex crystals. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
|