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Dávila-Ortiz G, Castañeda-Reyes ED, Juárez-Palomo CI, Perea-Flores MDJ, Pérez-Pastén-Borja R, Márquez-Flores YK, González de Mejía E. Liposomes Containing Amaranth Unsaponifiable Matter and Soybean Lunasin Suppress ROS Production in Fibroblasts and Reduced Interleukin Production in Macrophages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11678. [PMID: 36141952 PMCID: PMC9517488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a normal response in defense to agents that may cause damage to the human body. When inflammation becomes chronic, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced; which could lead to diseases such as cancer. The aim was to assess liposomes' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity loaded with amaranth unsaponifiable matter and soybean lunasin (UM + LunLip) in an in vitro model using fibroblasts and macrophages. To evaluate ROS production, fibroblasts CHON-002 ABAP were added to promote ROS production; and the cells were treated with UM + LunLip. For inflammation markers production, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages were treated with empty liposomes (EmLip), liposomes loaded with unsaponifiable matter (UMLip), liposomes loaded with lunasin (LunLip), and UM + LunLip. ROS production was significantly decreased by 77% (p < 0.05) when fibroblasts were treated with UM + LunLip at 2 mg lunasin/mL compared with the control treated with ABAP. Treatment with UMLip was the most effective in reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (71-90%) and interleukin-6 (43-55%, p < 0.001). Both liposomes containing unsaponifiable matter (UMLip and UM + LunLip) were more effective than EmLip or LunLip. In conclusion, amaranth unsaponifiable matter-loaded liposomes are effective in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Dávila-Ortiz
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Erick Damian Castañeda-Reyes
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Carlos Ignacio Juárez-Palomo
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - María de Jesús Perea-Flores
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Pastén-Borja
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Karina Márquez-Flores
- Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Elvira González de Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Liaw JW, Kuo CY, Tsai SW. The Effect of Quasi-Spherical Gold Nanoparticles on Two-Photon Induced Reactive Oxygen Species for Cell Damage. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051180. [PMID: 33946156 PMCID: PMC8145056 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The performance of quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause cell damage, as irradiated by a two-photon laser, is studied. In this mechanism, hot electrons are generated from GNPs as irradiated by the two-photon laser, reacting with the molecules in the medium to produce ROS. We used laser scanning confocal microscopy with a low-fluence femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser of 800 nm to observe the generated ROS in A431 cells, which were incubated with GNPs in advance. Subsequently, the cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and viability were investigated. In comparison with the control (no GNPs), the expression of ROS in these GNP-treated cells was enhanced after irradiation by the two-photon laser. Additionally, the disruption of cytoskeletons and the follow-up apoptosis of these GNP-treated cells are significantly increased as the number of laser shots increases. Moreover, we used N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, to inhibit the formation of ROS, to clarify whether the cytoskeletal disruption is caused by ROS rather than photothermal effects. Our results show that after two-photon irradiation, the ROS expression in these cells treated with GNPs plus NAC was significantly reduced. In addition, the cytoskeletal damage of these cells treated with GNPs and NAC was less than that of those treated with GNPs but without NAC; their cell viability after three days was almost the same with the control. These results illustrate that the induced ROS from the two-photon excited GNPs is the main cause of cell damage. The study may pave a way for the use of GNPs as a photosensitized therapeutic agent for two-photon photodynamic therapy on tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
- Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105406, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Masson‐Meyers DS, Andrade TAM, Caetano GF, Guimaraes FR, Leite MN, Leite SN, Frade MAC. Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:21-37. [PMID: 32227524 PMCID: PMC7306904 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing studies are intricate, mainly because of the multifaceted nature of the wound environment and the complexity of the healing process, which integrates a variety of cells and repair phases, including inflammation, proliferation, reepithelialization and remodelling. There are a variety of possible preclinical models, such as in mice, rabbits and pigs, which can be used to mimic acute or impaired for example, diabetic and nutrition-related wounds. These can be induced by many different techniques, with excision or incision being the most common. After determining a suitable model for a study, investigators need to select appropriate and reproducible methods that will allow the monitoring of the wound progression over time. The assessment can be performed by non-invasive protocols such as wound tracing, photographic documentation (including image analysis), biophysical techniques and/or by invasive protocols that will require wound biopsies. In this article, we provide an overview of some of the most often needed and used: (a) preclinical/animal models including incisional, excisional, burn and impaired wounds; (b) methods to evaluate the healing progression such as wound healing rate, wound analysis by image, biophysical assessment, histopathological, immunological and biochemical assays. The aim is to help researchers during the design and execution of their wound healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Masson‐Meyers
- Marquette University School of DentistryMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
| | - Thiago A. M. Andrade
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- Graduate Program of Biomedical SciencesUniversity Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation (FHO)ArarasSao PauloBrazil
| | - Guilherme F. Caetano
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- Graduate Program of Biomedical SciencesUniversity Center of Herminio Ometto Foundation (FHO)ArarasSao PauloBrazil
| | - Francielle R. Guimaraes
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- University Center of Associated Schools of Education (UNIFAE)São João da Boa VistaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcel N. Leite
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
| | - Saulo N. Leite
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
- University Center of the Educational Foundation Guaxupe (UNIFEG)GuaxupeMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marco Andrey C. Frade
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao PauloBrazil
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Souza LRR, da Silva VS, Franchi LP, de Souza TAJ. Toxic and Beneficial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles: The Two Sides of the Same Coin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:251-262. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Castellano-González G, Pichaud N, Ballard JWO, Bessede A, Marcal H, Guillemin GJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation by activating cytochrome c oxidase in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7426-40. [PMID: 26760769 PMCID: PMC4884929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting energy impairment have been identified as features of many neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this energy impairment is the cause of the disease or the consequence of preceding impairment(s) is still under discussion, however a recovery of cellular bioenergetics would plausibly prevent or improve the pathology. In this study, we screened different natural molecules for their ability to increase intracellular adenine triphosphate purine (ATP). Among them, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol from green tea, presented the most striking results. We found that it increases ATP production in both human cultured astrocytes and neurons with different kinetic parameters and without toxicity. Specifically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation in human cultured astrocytes and neurons increased at the level of the routine respiration on the cells pre-treated with the natural molecule. Furthermore, EGCG-induced ATP production was only blocked by sodium azide (NaN3) and oligomycin, inhibitors of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO; complex IV) and ATP synthase (complex V) respectively. These findings suggest that the EGCG modulates CcO activity, as confirmed by its enzymatic activity. CcO is known to be regulated differently in neurons and astrocytes. Accordingly, EGCG treatment is acting differently on the kinetic parameters of the two cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that EGCG promotes CcO activity in human cultured neurons and astrocytes. Considering that CcO dysfunction has been reported in patients having neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), we therefore suggest that EGCG could restore mitochondrial function and prevent subsequent loss of synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellano-González
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Helder Marcal
- Topical Therapeutics Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Lemaire B, Mignolet E, Debier C, Calderon PB, Thomé JP, Rees JF. High hydrostatic pressure influences the in vitro response to xenobiotics in Dicentrarchus labrax liver. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:43-52. [PMID: 26836508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) increases by about 1 atmosphere (0.1MPa) for each ten-meter depth increase in the water column. This thermodynamical parameter could well influence the response to and effects of xenobiotics in the deep-sea biota, but this possibility remains largely overlooked. To grasp the extent of HP adaptation in deep-sea fish, comparative studies with living cells of surface species exposed to chemicals at high HP are required. We initially conducted experiments with precision-cut liver slices of a deep-sea fish (Coryphaenoides rupestris), co-exposed for 15h to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 3-methylcholanthrene at HP levels representative of the surface (0.1MPa) and deep-sea (5-15MPa; i.e., 500-1500m depth) environments. The transcript levels of a suite of stress-responsive genes, such as the AhR battery CYP1A, were subsequently measured (Lemaire et al., 2012; Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 10310-10316). Strikingly, the AhR agonist-mediated increase of CYP1A mRNA content was pressure-dependently reduced in C. rupestris. Here, the same co-exposure scenario was applied for 6 or 15h to liver slices of a surface fish, Dicentrarchus labrax, a coastal species presumably not adapted to high HP. Precision-cut liver slices of D. labrax were also used in 1h co-exposure studies with the pro-oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) as to investigate the pressure-dependence of the oxidative stress response (i.e., reactive oxygen production, glutathione and lipid peroxidation status). Liver cells remained viable in all experiments (adenosine triphosphate content). High HP precluded the AhR agonist-mediated increase of CYP1A mRNA expression in D. labrax, as well as that of glutathione peroxidase, and significantly reduced that of heat shock protein 70. High HP (1h) also tended per se to increase the level of oxidative stress in liver cells of the surface fish. Trends to an increased resistance to tBHP were also noted. Whether the latter observation truly reflects a protective response to oxidative stress will be addressed in future co-exposure studies with both surface and deep-sea fish liver cells, using additional pro-oxidant chemicals. Altogether, data on CYP1A inducibility with D. labrax and C. rupestris support the view that high HP represses AhR signaling in marine fishes, and that only species adapted to thrive in the deep-sea have evolved the molecular adaptations necessary to counteract to some extent this inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lemaire
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Woluwé-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Jean Pierre Thomé
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 août 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean François Rees
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Ona K, Oh DH. Voriconazole N-oxide and its ultraviolet B photoproduct sensitize keratinocytes to ultraviolet A. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:751-9. [PMID: 25919127 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antifungal agent, voriconazole, is associated with phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity. Prior work has indicated that voriconazole and its hepatic N-oxide metabolite do not sensitize keratinocytes to ultraviolet B (UVB). Clinical observations have suggested that ultraviolet A (UVA) may be involved. OBJECTIVES To determine the photochemistry and photobiology of voriconazole and its major hepatic metabolite, voriconazole N-oxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide were spectrophotometrically monitored following various doses of UVB. Cultured human keratinocytes were treated with parental drugs or with their UVB photoproducts, and survival following UVA irradiation was measured by thiazolyl blue metabolism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-oxoguanine were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Voriconazole and voriconazole N-oxide have varying UVB absorption but do not acutely sensitize cultured human keratinocytes following UVB exposure. However, sustained UVB exposures produced notable dose- and solvent-dependent changes in the absorption spectra of voriconazole N-oxide, which in aqueous solution acquires a prominent UVA absorption band, suggesting formation of a discrete photoproduct. Neither the parental drugs nor their photoproducts sensitized cells to UVB although all but voriconazole N-oxide were moderately toxic to cells in the dark. Notably, both voriconazole N-oxide and its UVB photoproduct, but not voriconazole or its photoproduct, additionally sensitized cells to UVA by greater than three-fold relative to controls in association with UVA-induced ROS and 8-oxoguanine levels. CONCLUSIONS Voriconazole N-oxide and its UVB-photoproduct act as UVA-sensitizers that generate ROS and that produce oxidative DNA damage. These results suggest a mechanism for the phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity observed with voriconazole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ona
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.,Dermatology Research Unit, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, U.S.A
| | - D H Oh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.,Dermatology Research Unit, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, U.S.A
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Débarre D, Olivier N, Supatto W, Beaurepaire E. Mitigating phototoxicity during multiphoton microscopy of live Drosophila embryos in the 1.0-1.2 µm wavelength range. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104250. [PMID: 25111506 PMCID: PMC4128758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-induced toxicity is a fundamental bottleneck in microscopic imaging of live embryos. In this article, after a review of photodamage mechanisms in cells and tissues, we assess photo-perturbation under illumination conditions relevant for point-scanning multiphoton imaging of live Drosophila embryos. We use third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging of developmental processes in embryos excited by pulsed near-infrared light in the 1.0-1.2 µm range. We study the influence of imaging rate, wavelength, and pulse duration on the short-term and long-term perturbation of development and define criteria for safe imaging. We show that under illumination conditions typical for multiphoton imaging, photodamage in this system arises through 2- and/or 3-photon absorption processes and in a cumulative manner. Based on this analysis, we derive general guidelines for improving the signal-to-damage ratio in two-photon (2PEF/SHG) or THG imaging by adjusting the pulse duration and/or the imaging rate. Finally, we report label-free time-lapse 3D THG imaging of gastrulating Drosophila embryos with sampling appropriate for the visualisation of morphogenetic movements in wild-type and mutant embryos, and long-term multiharmonic (THG-SHG) imaging of development until hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Débarre
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7645, and INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7645, and INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7645, and INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7645, and INSERM U696, Palaiseau, France
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High levels of reactive oxygen species in gold nanoparticle-targeted cancer cells following femtosecond pulse irradiation. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2146. [PMID: 23828378 PMCID: PMC3701901 DOI: 10.1038/srep02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells could be locally damaged using specifically targeted gold nanoparticles and laser pulse irradiation, while maintaining minimum damage to nearby, particle-free tissue. Here, we show that in addition to the immediate photothermal cell damage, high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed within the irradiated cells. Burkitt lymphoma B cells and epithelial breast cancer cells were targeted by antibody-coated gold nanospheres and irradiated by a few resonant femtosecond pulses, resulting in significant elevation of intracellular ROS which was characterized and quantified using time-lapse microscopy of different fluorescent markers. The results suggest that techniques that involve targeting of various malignancies using gold nanoparticles and ultrashort pulses may be more effective and versatile than previously anticipated, allowing diverse, highly specific set of tools for local cancer therapy.
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Kleppa L, Mari PO, Larsen E, Lien GF, Godon C, Theil AF, Nesse GJ, Wiksen H, Vermeulen W, Giglia-Mari G, Klungland A. Kinetics of endogenous mouse FEN1 in base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:9044-59. [PMID: 22810208 PMCID: PMC3467068 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure specific flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays an essential role in long-patch base excision repair (BER) and in DNA replication. We have generated a fluorescently tagged FEN1 expressing mouse which allows monitoring the localization and kinetics of FEN1 in response to DNA damage in living cells and tissues. The expression of FEN1, which is tagged at its C-terminal end with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (FEN1-YFP), is under control of the endogenous Fen1 transcriptional regulatory elements. In line with its role in processing of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, we found that FEN1-YFP expression is mainly observed in highly proliferating tissue. Moreover, the FEN1-YFP fusion protein allowed us to investigate repair kinetics in cells challenged with local and global DNA damage. In vivo multi-photon fluorescence microscopy demonstrates rapid localization of FEN1 to local laser-induced DNA damage sites in nuclei, providing evidence of a highly mobile protein that accumulates fast at DNA lesion sites with high turnover rate. Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) disrupts FEN1 accumulation at sites of DNA damage, indicating that PARP1 is required for FEN1 recruitment to DNA repair intermediates in BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Kleppa
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
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Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Redmond RW, Ogilby PR. Two-photon irradiation of an intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizer: Achieving localized sub-cellular excitation in spatially-resolved experiments. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1383-97. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.515221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3181-209. [PMID: 20571680 DOI: 10.1039/b926014p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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13
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Johnsen M, Paterson MJ, Arnbjerg J, Christiansen O, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Ogilby PR. Effects of conjugation length and resonance enhancement on two-photon absorption in phenylene–vinylene oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1177-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b715441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Samkoe KS, Clancy AA, Karotki A, Wilson BC, Cramb DT. Complete blood vessel occlusion in the chick chorioallantoic membrane using two-photon excitation photodynamic therapy: implications for treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:034025. [PMID: 17614733 DOI: 10.1117/1.2750663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Complete blood vessel occlusion is required for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and current treatment regimes have potential to cause collateral damage, or do not remove pre-existing unwanted vasculature. It has been proposed that two-photon excitation (TPE) photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be applied to cause local blood vessel occlusion without damaging surrounding retinal tissues. The in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is used as the model for vascularization in the wet form of AMD; novel techniques for the utilization of the CAM are reported. Complete occlusion of CAM vessels approximately 15 microm in diameter is achieved using the clinically approved photosensitizer Verteporfin (Visudyne, QLT, Incorporated, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) and TPE activation. The average and peak irradiances used for treatment are 3.3x10(6) Wcm(2) and 3.7x10(11) Wcm(2), respectively. A total fluence of 1.1x10(8) Jcm(2) is the dosage required for successful occlusion, and it is expected that for optimal conditions it will be much less. These results are the first proof-of-principle evidence in the literature that indicate TPE-PDT can be used to occlude small blood vessels. Further investigation will help determine the utility of TPE-PDT for treating wet AMD, perhaps through targeting feeder vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive, Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Dy JT, Ogawa K, Satake A, Ishizumi A, Kobuke Y. Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Butadiyne-Bridged Bisporphyrin: A Potential Two-Photon-Absorbing Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2007; 13:3491-500. [PMID: 17225219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel, two-photon-absorbing photosensitizer for two-photon-absorption photodynamic therapy (2PA-PDT). The molecule is a butadiyne-bridged porphyrin dimer terminated with two water-soluble porphyrin monomers connected through Zn-imidazolyl self-assembly and covalently linked through olefin metathesis. It has an effective two-photon-absorption (2PA) cross-section value, sigma((2)), of 33 000+/-4600 GM with 5-ns pulses at 890 nm measured by using the open-aperture Z-scan technique. The compound was found to generate singlet oxygen, cytotoxic for tumor cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT), under 2PA conditions by conducting photobleaching experiments with anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid sodium salt (ADPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne T Dy
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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Paterson MJ, Christiansen O, Pawłowski F, Jorgensen P, Hättig C, Helgaker T, Sałek P. Benchmarking two-photon absorption with CC3 quadratic response theory, and comparison with density-functional response theory. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:054322. [PMID: 16468884 DOI: 10.1063/1.2163874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the effects of electron correlation on two-photon absorption calculated by coupled cluster quadratic response theory. The hierarchy of coupled cluster models CCS, CC2, CCSD, and CC3 has been used to investigate the effects of electron correlation on the two-photon absorption cross sections of formaldehyde (CH2O), diacetylene (C4H2), and water (H2O). In particular, the effects of triple excitations on two-photon transition cross sections are determined for the first time. In addition, we present a detailed comparison of the coupled cluster results with those obtained from Hartree-Fock and density-functional response theories. We have investigated the local-density approximation, the pure Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (BLYP) functional, the hybrid Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), and the Coulomb-attenuated B3LYP (CAM-B3LYP) functionals. Our results show that the CAM-B3LYP functional, when used in conjuction with a one-particle basis-set containing diffuse functions, has much promise; however, care must still be exercised for diffuse Rydberg-type states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Paterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arhus, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark.
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Moopanar TR, Allen DG. The activity-induced reduction of myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in mouse skeletal muscle is reversed by dithiothreitol. J Physiol 2005; 571:191-200. [PMID: 16339177 PMCID: PMC1805646 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further characterize the reduction of myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in mouse muscle which has been observed after fatigue at 37 degrees C. Muscle bundles and single fibres were isolated from mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle and studied at 37 degrees C. The single fibres were injected with the Ca2+ indicator indo-1. Muscle fatigue was produced by 0.4 s tetani repeated at 4 s intervals until force had fallen to less than 50% of initial. Excitation-contraction coupling was assessed by measuring the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during tetani, and the maximum Ca2+-activated force and the myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity were estimated from a series of tetani at different stimulation frequencies. Two main results were found. (i) The reduction of Ca2+ sensitivity only occurred when the muscle was intensely stimulated leading to fatigue. When the muscle was rested for 10 min at 37 degrees C there was no significant change in Ca2+ sensitivity. (ii) If the membrane-permeant thiol-specific reducing agent dithiothreitol (0.5 mm) was applied to the muscle for 2 min following the fatigue protocol, the reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity was reversed. Dithiothreitol had no effect on Ca2+ sensitivity in unfatigued preparations. There was no effect of fatigue or dithiothreitol on tetanic [Ca2+]i or on the maximum Ca2+-activated force. These results suggest that intense activity of skeletal muscle at 37 degrees C causes the production of reactive oxygen species which oxidize a target protein. We propose that critical sulphydryl groups on the target protein(s) are converted to disulphide bonds and this reaction reduces Ca2+ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence R Moopanar
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney F13, NSW 2006, Australia
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