Stress Analysis on Single Cobalt/Chrome Prosthesis With a 15-mm Cantilever Placed Over 10/13/15-mm-length Implants: A Simulated Photoelastic Model Study

Principles of biomechanics in oral implantology

Background and aims

The principles of biomechanics comprise all the interactions between the body (tissues) and the forces acting upon it (directly or via different medical devices). Besides the mechanical aspects, the tissues response is also studied. Understanding and applying these principles is vital for the researchers in the field of oral implantology, but they must be equally known by the practitioners. From the planning stages to the final prosthetic restoration, they are involved in each and every aspect. Ignoring them inevitably leads to failure.

Methods

The first part of this paper includes a review of our current research in oral implantology (mechanical, digital and biological testing), while the second part includes a review of the available literature on certain biomechanical aspects and their implications in everyday practice.

Results

Our research opens new study directions and provides increased chances of success for dental implant therapy. The practical aspects of our findings, combined with the available literature (from the basic principles described more than 40 years ago to the most recent studies and technologies) can serve as a guide to practitioners for increasing their success rate.

Conclusion

While no therapy is without failure risk, a good understanding of the biomechanics involved in oral implantology can lead to higher success rates in implant supported prosthetic restorations.