1
|
Zhang Z, Gan Y, Guo Y, Lu X, Li X. Animal models of vertical bone augmentation (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:919. [PMID: 34335880 PMCID: PMC8290405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical bone augmentation is an important challenge in dental implantology. Existing vertical bone augmentation techniques, along with bone grafting materials, have achieved certain clinical progress but continue to have numerous limitations. In order to evaluate the possibility of using biomaterials to develop bone substitutes, medical devices and/or new bone grafting techniques for vertical bone augmentation, it is essential to establish clinically relevant animal models to investigate their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, applicability and safety. The present review discusses recent animal experiments related to vertical bone augmentation. In addition, surgical protocols for establishing relevant preclinical models with various animal species were reviewed. The present study aims to provide guidance for selecting experimental animal models of vertical bone augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Gan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuguang Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xianqi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeong HJ, Gwak SJ, Seo KD, Lee S, Yun JH, Cho YS, Lee SJ. Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Composite Scaffold for Simultaneous Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Dental Implant Installation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1863. [PMID: 32182824 PMCID: PMC7084329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implant surgeries involve the insertion of implant fixtures into alveolar bones to replace missing teeth. When the availability of alveolar bone at the surgical site is insufficient, bone graft particles are filled in the insertion site for successful bone reconstruction. Bone graft particles induce bone regeneration over several months at the insertion site. Subsequently, implant fixtures can be inserted at the recipient site. Thus, conventional dental implant surgery is performed in several steps, which in turn increases the treatment period and cost involved. Therefore, to reduce surgical time and minimize treatment costs, a novel hybrid scaffold filled with bone graft particles that could be combined with implant fixtures is proposed. This scaffold is composed of a three-dimensionally (3D) printed polycaprolactone (PCL) frame and osteoconductive ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Herein, we analyzed the porosity, internal microstructure, and hydrophilicity of the hybrid scaffold. Additionally, Saos-2 cells were used to assess cell viability and proliferation. Two types of control scaffolds were used (a 3D printed PCL frame and a hybrid scaffold without HA/β-TCP particles) for comparison, and the fabricated hybrid scaffold was verified to retain osteoconductive ceramic particles without losses. Moreover, the fabricated hybrid scaffold had high porosity and excellent microstructural interconnectivity. The in vitro Saos-2 cell experiments revealed superior cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase assay results for the hybrid scaffold than the control scaffold. Hence, the proposed hybrid scaffold is a promising candidate for minimizing cost and duration of dental implant surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.D.S.)
| | - So-Jung Gwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Duck Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.D.S.)
| | - SaYa Lee
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (H.-J.J.); (K.D.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghiacci G, Graiani G, Ravanetti F, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Galli C, Cacchioli A, Macaluso GM, Sala R. "Over-inlay" block graft and differential morphometry: a novel block graft model to study bone regeneration and host-to-graft interfaces in rats. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2016; 46:220-33. [PMID: 27588212 PMCID: PMC5005810 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to present new a model that allows the study of the bone healing process, with an emphasis on the biological behavior of different graft-to-host interfaces. A standardized "over-inlay" surgical technique combined with a differential histomorphometric analysis is presented in order to optimize the use of critical-size calvarial defects in pre-clinical testing. METHODS Critical-size defects were created into the parietal bone of 8 male Wistar rats. Deproteinized bovine bone (DBBM) blocks were inserted into the defects, so that part of the block was included within the calvarial thickness and part exceeded the calvarial height (an "over-inlay" graft). All animals were sacrificed at 1 or 3 months. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out within distinct regions of interest (ROIs): the areas adjacent to the native bone (BA), the periosteal area (PA) and the central area (CA). RESULTS The animals healed without complications. Differential morphometry allowed the examination of the tissue composition within distinct regions: the BA presented consistent amounts of new bone formation (NB), which increased over time (24.53%±1.26% at 1 month; 37.73%±0.39% at 3 months), thus suggesting that this area makes a substantial contribution toward NB. The PA was mainly composed of fibrous tissue (71.16%±8.06% and 78.30%±2.67%, respectively), while the CA showed high amounts of DBBM at both time points (78.30%±2.67% and 74.68%±1.07%, respectively), demonstrating a slow remodeling process. Blood vessels revealed a progressive migration from the interface with native bone toward the central area of the graft. Osterix-positive cells observed at 1 month within the PA suggested that the periosteum was a source of osteoprogenitor elements. Alkaline phosphatase data on matrix deposition confirmed this observation. CONCLUSIONS The present model allowed for a standardized investigation of distinct graft-to-host interfaces both at vertically augmented and inlay-augmented sites, thus possibly limiting the number of animals required for pre-clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghiacci
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy.; Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma General Pathology Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lumetti
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy.; Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma Dental Medicine Unit, Parma, Italy.; Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T), University of Parma General Pathology Unit, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|