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Patel RB, Batra S, Halemani S, Rao AG, Agarwal MC, Gajjar SK, Kakkad D. Maternal Periodontitis Prevalence and its Relationship with Preterm and Low-Birth Weight Infants: A Hospital-Based Research. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S488-S491. [PMID: 38595456 PMCID: PMC11000988 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_823_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overall wellness depends on oral health. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies have linked periodontitis to some systemic diseases. Pregnancy labor, contractions, and delivery are controlled by prostaglandin (PGE 2) levels rise during pregnancy, and labor begins when a critical threshold is reached. These associations support the underlying cause of maternal periodontal disease. Materials and Methods In the study, 3,885 pregnant women aged 18-40 had singleton babies. All mother participants were clinically evaluated by the primary investigator. The periodontal disease is defined using a few parameters. Based on that the prevalence rate will be evaluated. Result The prevalence of preterm babies' mothers affected with periodontitis was 0.5% and low-birth weight babies' mothers affected with periodontitis was 1.6%. So, there was a significant result is there. Conclusion Periodontal health and preterm LBW newborns are highly associated with periodontitis in research. It may modify preterm birth and LBW risk factors. Thus, dentists detect and treat this sickness early, preventing pregnancy difficulties in sensitive mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir B. Patel
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, College of Dental Science and Research, Centre, Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sahil Batra
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Medical Officer (Dental), CHC Manawala, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Halemani
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Ballari, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya G. Rao
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Canadian Academy of Dental Health and Community Sciences, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Manvi Chandra Agarwal
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya K. Gajjar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinta Kakkad
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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El Hassan NK, Ramadan AM. Interleukin 1 beta and its association with the periodontal health of pregnant women. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1376-1383. [PMID: 37332485 PMCID: PMC10275976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we measured and compared serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in pregnant women with periodontitis and pregnant women with a healthy periodontium. We also determined the prevalence of periodontitis among pregnant women attending Omdurman Midwifery Hospital. Materials This was a hospital-based clinical study and laboratory investigation using ELISA tests of 80 pregnant women in the third trimester conducted at the Omdurman Midwifery Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. The study group consisted of 50 women while the control group consisted of 30 women. Results Independent samples t-tests were used to compare serum and GCF levels of IL-1β between the study and control groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was also used to compare gingival parameters and IL-1β levels in the GCF. For each comparison, the p-value was fixed at 0.05. The GCF in the research group showed a considerable increase in IL-1β levels. There was also a strong positive association between high IL-1β levels in the research group's GCF and probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) levels. Conclusions Our study provides further evidence that periodontitis, as measured by a PD ≥4 mm and a CAL ≥3 mm, is associated with an increased level of IL-1β in the GCF of pregnant women with active periodontal disease during pregnancy and may include the transient translocation of oral organisms to the utero-placental unit, inciting placental inflammation or oxidative stress early in pregnancy, ultimately resulting in placental damage and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K.B. El Hassan
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery, El Razi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - AbdelRahman M. Ramadan
- Department of Oral and Basic Clinical Sceinces, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alghamdi WK, Alghamdi FT. The Potential Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Cureus 2023; 15:e33216. [PMID: 36733569 PMCID: PMC9888319 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preceding studies have demonstrated that periodontitis might increase the liability of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, low birth weight, and perinatal fatality in pregnant women. Nonetheless, there is no convincing testimony that periodontitis is related directly to adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. This systematic review intended to assess and review all the available randomized clinical trials that concentrated on the association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the impact of periodontal disease therapy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The databases like Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were consumed to explore relevant and suitable studies after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search included articles with no time restrictions and certain keywords were utilized in the databases. The investigation was done through four independent reviewers employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twenty-three studies fulfilled the exclusion and inclusion criteria and were used and included in this systematic review. The above-mentioned studies assessed the association between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect of periodontal disease treatment in reducing the influence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review revealed that there is a relationship between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontal treatment has a reducing impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with periodontitis. Prospect studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and different adverse pregnancy outcomes and to decide the best type and the most effective therapy to treat periodontitis in pregnant women.
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Shiva A, Maboudi A, Ahmadi A, Heidari M, Rafiei A, Rahmani Z, Moosazadeh M, Valadan R, Kardan M. Association between Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in infra-gingival plaque and premature labor with low birth weight. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_93_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kanoute A, Gare J, Meda N, Viennot S, Tramini P, Fraticelli L, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D. Effect of Oral Prophylactic Measures on the Occurrence of Pre-Eclampsia (OP-PE) in High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4030061. [PMID: 34564307 PMCID: PMC8482225 DOI: 10.3390/mps4030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder, characterized by the development of placental endothelial dysfunction, remains a major source of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income settings. Periodontal disorders during pregnancy, and particularly periodontal pathogens, may be related to the risk of PE. Standard oral hygiene methods, based mainly on the joint use of toothbrushes and interdental brushes, reduce periodontal inflammatory risk and modulate the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. The aim of this trial is to compare the PE outcomes in high-risk pregnant women receiving oral prophylactic measures to a control group. This trial is designed as a two-arm, parallel, cluster randomized controlled trial with the antenatal obstetric clinic as the unit of randomization and an allocation ratio of 1:1. The pregnant women will be included at 3 months of pregnancy and will be followed throughout the pregnancy. The primary outcome measure will be the incidence of PE from a baseline during the pregnancy. Secondary outcomes measures will include changes from the baseline in quantification of the pathogenic bacterial load of the interdental microbiota, the severity scores of periodontal indicators, and the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. This trial should demonstrate that the implementation of daily oral hygiene reduces oral dysbiosis, the incidence of periodontal disease, and the risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kanoute
- Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar 10700, Senegal;
| | - Jocelyne Gare
- Health, Systemic, Process, UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (L.F.); (F.C.)
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), ED2S Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Public Health Laboratory (LASAP), ED2S Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | - Stephane Viennot
- Health, Systemic, Process, UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Paul Tramini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Laurie Fraticelli
- Health, Systemic, Process, UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process, UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process, UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (J.G.); (S.V.); (L.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78-78-57-44
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Al-Rawi NH, Imran NK, Abdulkareem AA, Abdulsattar AM, Uthman AT. Association between maternal periodontitis, acute-phase reactants and preterm birth. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1995-1999. [PMID: 33735461 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada K Imran
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Asmaa T Uthman
- College of Dental Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Behaviour of Midwives Concerning Periodontal Health of Pregnant Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072246. [PMID: 32230709 PMCID: PMC7177424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal gum disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birthweight. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviour of Australian midwives regarding the periodontal health of pregnant women to inform interprofessional antenatal care. This was an observational, cross-sectional study. We circulated an online questionnaire to Australian midwives from August 2018 to February 2019. Key outcome variables were knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviours related to oral health. Key predictor variables were years of practice, practice location, and dental history. We summarized responses with frequency tables and assigned tallied scores for analysis using non-parametric statistical tests. 100 responses were analysed, including from rural (n = 23) and urban (n = 77) midwives. Eighty percent of midwives agreed that maternal dental care can positively affect pregnancy outcomes. Fluoridated toothpaste use (19.1%) was incorrectly answered to prevent gum disease more often than psychological stress control (7.9%), a correct answer. Rural midwives demonstrated a significantly higher knowledge score (p = 0.001) and significantly more positive practice behaviours towards oral health (p = 0.014) than urban midwives. Australian midwives have positive attitudes towards antenatal oral health but misunderstand gum disease aetiology and prevention. This study highlights areas to improve interprofessional education for optimal oral health and pregnancy outcomes.
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Preventive hygiene protocol of University of Milan for women during pregnancy: A qualitative and quantitative bacterial plaque analysis prospective original study. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:29-35. [PMID: 31920276 PMCID: PMC6950842 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this article is to describe the preventive hygiene protocol of University of Milan for women during pregnancy analyzing the bacterial plaque quantitatively and qualitatively. Materials and methods A sample of 35 pregnant women following a protocol of periodic visits starting from the first month of pregnancy until the childbirth and in follow up controls were analyzed. Several samples (n = 4) of bacterial plaque for quantitative and qualitative analysis were taken, from the lingual surface of the lower first molar, during the first visit (T0), during the first trimester (T1), during the second or third trimester of pregnancy (T2), and one month after childbirth (T3). Results By performing a quantitative analysis, it was calculated that the average plaque index (Fig. 1) was n = 48.1% (T0), n = 14.7% (T1), n = 18.4% (T2) and n = 18.9% (T3). The plaque index score presents a downward trend, passing from 48.1% (T0) to 18.9% (T3). The number of total cocci (Fig. 2) was n = 205.39 (T0), n = 57.5(T1), n = 74.6 (T2) and n = 75.4(T3). The number of total bacilli (Fig. 3) was n = 62.7 (T0), n = 23.1 (T1), n = 25.3 (T2), n = 27.1(T3). The total values of cocci and bacilli were correlated and the average trend of the various samples was calculated. By performing a qualitative analysis, the value of G+ cocci (Fig. 5) was n = 2.7 (T0), n = 1.4 (T1), n = 1.4 (T2) and n = 1.5 (T3). The value of G− cocci (Fig. 5) was n = 2.3 (T0), n = 0.7 (T1), n = 1.1 (T2) and n = 1.1 (T3). The value of G+ bacilli (Fig. 6) was n = 1.6 (T0), n = 0.9 (T1), n = 1.2 (T2) and n = 1.2 (T3). The value of G− bacilli (Fig. 6) was n = 1.3 (T0), n = 0.3 (T1), n = 0.7 (T2) and n = 0.7 (T3). Conclusions The preventive hygiene protocol used in the Dental Hygiene Department of the University of Milan, during the gestation period, is a suitable method for the control of the bacterial plaque. A considerably decrease of the plaque index and bacterial components between the first visit and the subsequent check-ups was calculated.
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Komšić S, Plančak D, Kašaj A, Puhar I. A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Parameters in the Evaluation of Molar Furcation Involvement in Periodontitis. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:326-336. [PMID: 32099258 PMCID: PMC6993470 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/4/3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinical, intra-surgical, 2D (panoramic) and 3D (CBCT)-based parameters in assessing molar furcation involvement (FI). Materials and Methods Six patients with generalized periodontitis Stage II to IV, Grade B and C who were scheduled for the periodontal flap surgical treatment were recruited in the study. In total, 38 molar teeth with 93 furcation sites were analysed. All subjects had comprehensive periodontal examination, which included an assessment of molar FI using Naber’s probe according to modified Glickman’s classification. Periodontal surgery was performed in patients with at least one maxillary molar with probing depth of ≥6 mm. This probing demonstrated lower grade of FI compared with intra-surgical findings. Results Periodontal probing, intra-surgical measurement and measurements based on CBCT significantly correlated with each other regarding the assessment of FI, with r values ranging between 0.81 to 1.00 (p<0.01). The correlation of panoramic radiograph with periodontal probing is 0.49, with CBCT 0.39 and with intra-surgical measurements 0.36. The results showed an excellent agreement and higher accuracy between intra-surgical measurements and CBCT (0.96), in contrast to clinical examination and panoramic radiography- 0.87 and 0.63 respectively. Different clinical and radiological modalities showed a correlation among each other. They are accurate and have their own benefits, which makes (renders) them useful in establishing periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning. Conclusion However, CBCT offers significant advantages including excellent agreement and higher accuracy and can be used as justified as excellent diagnostic tool in detecting and locating FI to provide a more reliable diagnosis and basis for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Komšić
- Dental Office Michael Wolf and Colleagues, Patrickstrasse 2, 65191 Wiesbaden
| | - Darije Plančak
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center
| | - Adrian Kašaj
- Department of Periodontology, Department of operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Puhar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, and Clinical Department of Periodontology, Clinical Hospital Center
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Liang S, Ren H, Guo H, Xing W, Liu C, Ji Y, Jiang H, Zhang P, Du M. Periodontal infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis induces preterm birth and lower birth weight in rats. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:312-321. [PMID: 29754448 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), accompanied by low birth weight (LBW) or not, is a syndrome with tremendous risk factors and long-term health consequences for children. In recent decades, overwhelming studies have shown that periodontitis contributes to prematurity and LBW. This study was conducted to determine the link between maternal periodontitis and the pathogenesis of PTB and/or LBW through a rat infection model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontopathic bacterium. The murine model was established by surgically ligating the left mandibular first molars and inoculating with P. gingivalis, and then all female rats initiated mating 6 weeks post infection. The gestational day and birth weight were recorded, and blood, amniotic fluid, and placental specimens were collected. Rats with a PTB and LBW newborns were observed in the P. gingivalis-infected group. Additionally, P. gingivalis infection significantly increased the maternal serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β, whereas no significant difference in the cytokine response was observed in the amniotic fluid. Moreover, with the translocation of P. gingivalis to placentas, remarkable changes in gestational tissues were found, followed by significantly enhanced expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) as well as Fas and Fas ligand (FasL). These results support the concept that severe cases of periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis infection may be indicative of rats being more susceptible to PTB/LBW, probably through the activation of the TLR2 and Fas/FasL pathways within the placental tissues. This study gave us new insight into how maternal periodontopathogens might be linked to placental damage and premature pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Ren
- Xiangyang Hospital of Stomatology, Xiangyang, China
| | - H Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Xing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Zhang
- School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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