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Wutthiwitthayaphon S, Suwannachote T, Arayatham S, Prasitsuwan W, Ruenphet S. Assessment of Vcheck ® analyzer for rapid progesterone concentration measurement including recommendations for achieving the optimal breeding time in bitches. Vet World 2024; 17:427-433. [PMID: 38595662 PMCID: PMC11000484 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.427-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Serum progesterone concentration plays critical role in determining the optimal breeding time in bitches and diagnosing reproductive-related issues. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of serum progesterone results obtained from commercial point-of-care immunological analyzers, namely, Vcheck®, with those obtained using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Our overarching goal was to evaluate these analyzers' accuracy and establish standardized guidelines for optimal breeding timing. Materials and Methods Ninety-four serum samples from bitches were analyzed using the Vcheck® analyzer and compared with CMIA. Thorough documentation included the mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI), and minimum and maximum values of serum progesterone concentrations. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and the bias correction factor were meticulously recorded. Results The mean progesterone concentration measured using the Vcheck® analyzer was significantly lower than that measured using CMIA, with a mean difference of 1.26 ng/mL of serum. The Bias correction factor was 0.935, which was nearly 1.00, indicating that the line of best-fit was on the perfect line of agreement, providing insight into the measurement accuracy. Pearson's correlation coefficient, a measure of precision, was also close to 1 (0.939), confirming the reliability of the data. Furthermore, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.877, indicating a fair overall agreement between the Vcheck® and CMIA methods. These results support the validity of the Vcheck® analyzer's results. The present study was developed by aligning with established CMIA guidelines and adapting them using the range and 95% CI derived from each set of results, ensuring a standardized and rigorous approach. Conclusion The Vcheck® analyzer provides a rapid assessment of serum progesterone concentration in bitches, with results comparable to those measured using the CMIA technique. However, when considering the use of the Vcheck® analyzer, it is recommended that the results should be interpreted carefully and the interpretation guidelines should be followed. In conclusion, Vcheck® provides a reliable and convenient method for veterinarian practitioners to measure canine progesterone levels in a clinical/hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supphathat Wutthiwitthayaphon
- Department Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanikran Suwannachote
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengtawan Arayatham
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisut Prasitsuwan
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Department Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lindh L, Kowalewski MP, Günzel-Apel AR, Goericke-Pesch S, Myllys V, Schuler G, Dahlbom M, Lindeberg H, Peltoniemi OAT. Ovarian and uterine changes during the oestrous cycle in female dogs. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:321-337. [PMID: 36549663 DOI: 10.1071/rd22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT An accurate staging of sexual cycle is essential for the optimum timing of medical interventions. AIMS Here, an updated insight into clinical, endocrinological and vagino-cytological parameters, and their correlation with histomorphology of ovarian and uterine tissue samples is presented. METHODS Samples from 39 dogs were collected at various stages of the oestrous cycle: pro-oestrus (n =8), oestrus (n =12), dioestrus (n =9) (luteal phase) and anoestrus (n =10), according to clinical observations. Final allocation of samples was done after histomorphological evaluation of all tissues. Peripheral oestradiol-17ß (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured, P4 by both chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). KEY RESULTS Differences were observed between determination of the stage of the oestrous cycle, either by clinical, endocrinological or histomorphological evaluation. Individuals considered to be in clinical and endocrinological oestrus, had entered the luteal phase according to histomorphology. P4 concentrations measured by two different assays differed, underlying the importance to understand that absolute P4 concentrations may deviate depending on the used assay. Comparison of E2 and P4 concentrations is suggested to be useful when defining the transition from early follicular phase to the time of ovulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on parallel histomorphological observations, combined with clinical and endocrinological findings on the same individuals, the present study emphasises that an accurate classification of the stage of the cycle in female dogs based solely on clinical and endocrinological assessments can be difficult. The histomorphological findings presented herein provide new insights into the transitional phases between the different stages of the oestrous cycle in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Lindh
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus FI-04920, Finland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- University of Zürich, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Rose Günzel-Apel
- Reproductive Unit - Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit - Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Merja Dahlbom
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus FI-04920, Finland
| | - Heli Lindeberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, Halolantie 31 A, Maaninka FI-71750, Finland
| | - Olli A T Peltoniemi
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus FI-04920, Finland
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Hussein HA, Schuler G, Conze T, Wehrend A. Comparison of three progesterone quantification methods using blood samples drawn from bitches during the periovulatory phase. Vet World 2022; 15:119-123. [PMID: 35369603 PMCID: PMC8924395 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.119-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Measuring blood progesterone (P4) concentration has become an essential diagnostic tool in small animal reproductive medicine. Methods enabling precise and rapid on-site measurements are in high demand, especially for the optimization of breeding management in bitches. This study aimed to compare two commercial on-site methods (Speed™ P4, Virbac [M1] and mini VIDAS®, bioMérieux [M2]) and a well-established radioimmunoassay (RIA), which was used as a reference method. Materials and Methods: Comparative measurements were performed on 52 blood serum samples collected from 45 clinically healthy bitches of different breeds. The dogs had been presented to determine the estrus cycle stage and predict the time of ovulation. Each sample was divided into three aliquots. In aliquot 1, P4 was measured immediately applying M2. Aliquots 2 and 3 were stored at −20°C until analysis was performed using RIA and M1. The consistency of the three methods was investigated by pairwise linear regression analyses. Results: In RIA, the P4 concentrations ranged between 1.1 and 25.4 ng/mL. Regression analyses revealed highly significant (p<0.0001) positive correlations between the three methods applied (M1 vs. RIA: R=0.94; M2 vs. RIA: R=0.98; and M1 vs. M2: R=0.91). Conclusion: The results show that the two commercial on-site methods tested exhibit approximately equal, high consistency with the radioimmunological reference method and can, therefore, be used beneficially in a clinical setting. However, biological interpretation of data must be performed in a method-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Hussein
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Theresa Conze
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Kunanusont N, Punyadarsaniya D, Ruenphet S. Accuracy and precision guidelines for optimal breeding time in bitches using in-house progesterone measurement compared with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Vet World 2021; 14:585-588. [PMID: 33935401 PMCID: PMC8076448 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.585-588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The concentration of serum progesterone is commonly used to determine the optimal mating time in bitches, and to diagnose reproductive-related abnormalities. This study aims to compare the serum progesterone results obtained by rapid fluorescence immunochromatography assay (RFICA) with those obtained by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) from the same serum samples to develop a standard guideline for optimal breeding time. Materials and Methods: Serum progesterone levels were measured in 124 bitches using RFICA and CMIA. Simple linear regression and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the data. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum progesterone values in the same serum sample in the same assay was compared using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. Results: The present study showed a strong linear dependence of the results obtained by RFICA on those obtained by CMIA as R2=0.8976, with regression coefficient of 0.9474 and p<0.05, including the regression model was CMIA = (0.9483 × RFICA) − 0.761. Moreover, five critical measurement times during estrous in bitches showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05), except at the fertilizable period, which showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is presumably acceptable to use the RFICA and CMIA methods interchangeably for quality progesterone measurements in serum samples from bitches. However, when considering the use of the RFICA method, it is advisable to carefully interpret the results and follow the interpretation guidelines. Finally, RFICA in the present study provides a reliable and convenient option for veterinarian practitioners to measure canine progesterone levels in-house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutnaree Kunanusont
- Clinic for Horse, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nöthling JO, De Cramer KGM. Comparison of progesterone assay by chemiluminescence or radioimmunoassay for clinical decision-making in canine reproduction. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019; 90:e1-e6. [PMID: 31714111 PMCID: PMC6852326 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coat-A-Count® radioimmunoassay has been long and widely used to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum or plasma of bitches (progRIA), but was discontinued in 2014. The Immulite® 1000 LKPG1 chemiluminescence immunoassay has gained prominence since 2003 to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum of bitches, but the assay changed in 2012 (Immulite® 1000 LKPW1). This study assessed the feasibility of using Immulite® 1000 LKPW1 (progImm) to estimate the time of clinically relevant events during oestrus and compared progRIA and progImm 2 and 3 days after the first or only day of the luteinizing hormone surge (LH1). ProgImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 6 nmol/L, a proxy for the occurrence of the LH surge, or the day before in 28 of 31 (90%) of oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 13.6 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 16 nmol/L (a proxy for the day of ovulation) or the day before in 34 of 35 (97%) oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 5.4 nmol/L on LH1 or the day before in 24 of 25 (95%) of oestrous periods. The median of progImm 2 days after LH1 was 1.2 nmol/L lower than the 10.7 nmol/L of progRIA (p = 0.001). The mean of progImm 3 days after LH1 was 2.2 nmol/L lower than the 19.0 nmol/L of progRIA (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the days on which progImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L, 13.6 nmol/L and 5.4 nmol/L effectively estimate the days on which progRIA reached 6 nmol/L or 16 nmol/L or LH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan O Nöthling
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort.
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Nöthling JO, De Cramer KGM. Comparing the values of progesterone in the blood of bitches as measured with a chemiluminescence immunoassay and a radioimmunoassay. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1136-1141. [PMID: 29938844 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 125 I radioimmunoassay (RIA) has long been used to determine the value of progesterone in serum or plasma of bitches but was discontinued in 2014. A chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) gained prominence since 2003 to determine the value of progesterone in serum of bitches but the assay changed in 2012. This study assessed the agreement between progesterone values obtained with RIA in plasma (progRIA) and with the post-2012 CLIA (progCLIA) in the serum of bitches. ProgCLIA was determined in 110 serum samples from 40 bitches in pro-oestrus or early oestrus and compared to progRIA in plasma samples collected from the same bitches at the same time, where progRIA had a uniform distribution between 0.5 and 25 nmol/L. Two replicate analyses of each serum or plasma sample were simultaneously done in the same assay. For RIA and CLIA, the intra-assay CVs were 5.85% and 6.70% and the interassay CVs 8.45% and 9.16%. For RIA and CLIA the progesterone values obtained with replicate analyses differed by as much as 11%-31% in 25% of samples. On average, the value of progCLIA was 85% of that of progRIA (95% CI 58%-112%, n = 110), with 88% of progCLIAs being lower than the progRIAs. This study shows that RIA and CLIA may yield replicate values that differ by as much as 11%-30% in about a quarter of samples analysed, necessitating replicate analyses if precise values are required. The study provides an equation by which to estimate progCLIA from progRIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan O Nöthling
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Kurt G M De Cramer
- Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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