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McCluskey M, Baber P, Rind S, Xu D. Variant of subclavian steal syndrome: unusual anatomical relationship between left subclavian artery and left vertebral artery. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e252966. [PMID: 37185244 PMCID: PMC10151969 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A woman in her 70s presented to her general practitioner (GP) with a 3-month history of left upper arm pain and weakness. A significant difference in bilateral blood pressures was noted and a further history elicited coolness in her left arm without functional compromise. A CT angiography revealed variant subclavian steal syndrome with a subclavian arterial stenosis, which was proximal to both the internal mammary and thyrocervical trunk and her left vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch. She was referred to a vascular surgeon but declined surgical intervention. Her symptoms remain stable with 6-month follow-up from her GP. This case highlights the importance of considering vascular aetiologies in upper limb pain and weakness. Our case reviews the differential diagnoses of upper limb pain and weakness, consequently leading to the discussion of an interesting variant of subclavian stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia McCluskey
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Baber
- Radiology Department, SKG Radiology, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shahmir Rind
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dan Xu
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical Education & General Practice, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Duran M, Grotemeyer D, Danch MA, Grabitz K, Schelzig H, Sagban TA. Subclavian Carotid Transposition: Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes of 126 Surgical Reconstructions. Ann Vasc Surg 2015; 29:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Open Reconstructions for Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Supra-aortic Vessels: Thirty Years Results from Two University Hospitals. Ann Vasc Surg 2015; 29:404-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Management of atherosclerotic supraaortic lesions. Eur Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-014-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mechanical thrombectomy in proximal subclavian artery in-stent occlusion. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2013; 29:140-5. [PMID: 23943249 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-013-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical thrombectomy is an established tool for endovascular therapy of acute/chronic in-stent occlusions of the lower extremities, especially for the superficial femoral artery. The authors report the use of the Rotarex catheter system for an in-stent proximal subclavian occlusion. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old female patient with previous multiple attempts at left subclavian revascularization; primary endovascular stenting at the origin of the subclavian artery occluded at 3 months, and a carotid-subclavian bypass was placed distally to the stent. After 6 months from the first treatment, the patient was readmitted with an acute left arm ischemia and full occlusion of the bypass was confirmed at computed tomography angiography. An anterograde thrombectomy for in-stent restenosis, together with PTA with a drug-eluting balloon was performed in the subclavian artery with confirmed patency at 6 months. CONCLUSION Mechanical thrombectomy together with drug-eluting balloon PTA for in-stent occlusion or restenosis of the subclavian artery could be a promising procedure with a lower invasivity and risk with respect to surgical options.
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Endovascular stenting for atherosclerotic subclavian artery stenosis in patients with other craniocervical artery stenosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 35:107-14. [PMID: 22872507 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) accompanied with other craniocervical artery stenosis (OCAS) is not uncommon in practice. We sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular stenting for SAS in patients with OCAS. Between January 2004 and February 2012, 71 consecutive atherosclerotic SAS patients who underwent primary stenting in our medical center were included. The enrolled patients were divided into combined-SAS group (n = 51) and solitary-SAS group (n = 20) depending on the presence or absence of OCAS. Data of demographics, procedure, and the followed-up were retrieved and analyzed. The technical success rate was 95.8%; the clinical success rate was 90.1%. There was no catheter-related major stroke or death. The immediate outcomes had no statistical difference between groups. During a mean of 27 ± 20 months (range 2-88 months) followed-up, 7 (10.3%) restenosis and 12 (17.6%) clinical events were identified. The primary patency rate was 95.3, 84.9 and 84.9% at 12, 24 months, and final followed-up respectively, which had no statistical difference between groups (odds ratio (OR), 2.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54-12.53; P = 0.232). The overall clinical event-free survival rate was 93.5, 86.2 and 54.6%, respectively, where the result of combined-SAS group was inferior to that of the solitary-SAS group (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.02-11.00; P = 0.047). Endovascular stenting was safe and feasible for atherosclerotic SAS in patients with OCAS, although the combined OCAS may have a significant influence on the long-term outcome. Further studies are warrant to investigate the effects of revascularization for multiple craniocervical artery stenoses on the cerebral hemodynamics and long-term outcomes.
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Song L, Zhang J. Reply:. J Endovasc Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1583/12-3854l12-3867l12-3867l.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song L, Zhang J, Li J, Gu Y, Yu H, Chen B, Guo L, Wang Z. Endovascular Stenting vs. Extrathoracic Surgical Bypass for Symptomatic Subclavian Steal Syndrome. J Endovasc Ther 2012; 19:44-51. [DOI: 10.1583/11-3692.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Takach TJ, Duncan JM, Livesay JJ, Ott DA, Cervera RD, Cooley DA. Contemporary Relevancy of Carotid–Subclavian Bypass Defined by an Experience Spanning Five Decades. Ann Vasc Surg 2011; 25:895-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aiello F, Morrissey NJ. Open and Endovascular Management of Subclavian and Innominate Arterial Pathology. Semin Vasc Surg 2011; 24:31-5. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, Bacharach JM, Barr JD, Bush RL, Cates CU, Creager MA, Fowler SB, Friday G, Hertzberg VS, McIff EB, Moore WS, Panagos PD, Riles TS, Rosenwasser RH, Taylor AJ, Jacobs AK, Smith SC, Anderson JL, Adams CD, Albert N, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Guyton RA, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, Ohman EM, Page RL, Riegel B, Stevenson WG, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW. 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: Executive summary. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 81:E76-123. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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del Barrio-Fernández M, Fernández-Samos R, Alonso-Alvarez M, Vaquero-Morillo F. Tratamiento endovascular del síndrome de robo vertebrosubclavio por obstrucción subclavia proximal. A propósito de dos casos. ANGIOLOGIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3170(09)15009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Linni K, Ugurluoglu A, Mader N, Hitzl W, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein T. Traitement endovasculaire versus chirurgie pour lésions proximales de l'artère sous-clavière. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvfr.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Linni K, Ugurluoglu A, Mader N, Hitzl W, Magometschnigg H, Hölzenbein TJ. Endovascular management versus surgery for proximal subclavian artery lesions. Ann Vasc Surg 2008; 22:769-75. [PMID: 18809284 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current management of subclavian artery (SA) lesions is controversial. Subclavian-to-carotid artery transposition (SCT) may be challenging but exhibits unparalleled long-term results. Stent-supported percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (sPTA) is technically easier but not always feasible. Long-term results and comparisons have not been published. We compared both methods performed by vascular surgeons. Data were collected prospectively with retrospective analysis at a tertiary-care center. sPTA was performed through a retrograde transbrachial access using self-expanding nitinol stents. Open surgery was SCT only. Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery reporting standards were applied. Seventy-four patients underwent treatment from January 1995 to August 2007 (median age 62.6 years, 40 female; left-sided pathology 60 [81.1%]; risk factors: hypertension 45 [60.8%], dyslipidemia 47 [63.5%], diabetes 21 [28.4%], smoking 43 [58.1%], SA occlusion 50 [67.6%]). Forty patients (54.1%) underwent primary sPTA (62.5% occlusions) and 34 SCT (73.5% occlusions). The two groups were comparable with regard to risk factors. In 12 patients occlusions could not be recanalized (30%), and in two stents failed within 1 month (both for stenosis). All but one underwent subsequent uneventful SCT. All SCTs were successful. No risk factor could be identified for treatment failure except sPTA (p = 0.002, Fisher's exact test). Median follow-up was 50.1 months with sPTA and 52.6 months with SCT. No procedure failed during follow-up in either group. sPTA can be performed successfully by surgeons. Primary sPTA failed in 48% of occlusions (30% of all sPTAs). Prediction of failure is not possible. According to our experience, we recommend primary sPTA for SA stenosis and surgery for SA occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Linni
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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