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Vishwas S, Paul SD, Singh D. An Insight on Skin Cancer About Different Targets With Update on Clinical Trials and Investigational Drugs. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:852-869. [PMID: 37496132 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230726150642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a diverse disease caused by transcriptional changes involving genetic and epigenetic features that influence a huge variety of genes and proteins. Skin cancer is a potentially fatal disease that affects equally men and women globally and is characterized by many molecular changes. Despite the availability of various improved approaches for detecting and treating skin cancer, it continues to be the leading cause of death throughout society. This review highlights a general overview of skin cancer, with an emphasis on epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathological and targeted facets, biomarkers and molecular markers, immunotherapy, and clinical updates of investigational drugs associated with skin cancer. The skin cancer challenges are acknowledged throughout this study, and the potential application of novel biomarkers of skin cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis is explored. Although the mechanism of skin carcinogenesis is currently poorly understood, multiple articles have shown that genetic and molecular changes are involved. Furthermore, several skin cancer risk factors are now recognized, allowing for efficient skin cancer prevention. There have been considerable improvements in the field of targeted treatment, and future research into additional targets will expand patients' therapeutic choices. In comparison to earlier articles on the same issue, this review focused on molecular and genetic factors and examined various skin cancer-related factors in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Vishwas
- Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
- Sanskar City College of Pharmacy, Rajnandgaon, Bhilai (C.G.) India
| | - Swarnali Das Paul
- Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
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2
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Chen R, Zhou C, Pang X, Liu J, Gu Y, Liu J, Li Z. Design, Synthesis, Anti-cancer Activities and Computational Analysis of Novel Diamides Conformationally Restricted by Cyclopropane. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Napoli S, Scuderi C, Gattuso G, Di Bella V, Candido S, Basile MS, Libra M, Falzone L. Functional Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051151. [PMID: 32392801 PMCID: PMC7291303 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the regulation of the tissue microenvironment and in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Several proteins with a proteolytic activity toward several ECM components are involved in the regulation and remodeling of the ECM. Among these, Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of peptidase able to remodel the ECM by favoring the tumor invasive processes. Of these peptidases, MMP-9 is the most involved in the development of cancer, including that of melanoma. Dysregulations of the MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways can lead to an aberrant overexpression of MMP-9. Even ncRNAs are implicated in the aberrant production of MMP-9 protein, as well as other proteins responsible for the activation or inhibition of MMP-9, such as Osteopontin and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases. Currently, there are different therapeutic approaches for melanoma, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, no biomarkers are available for the prediction of the therapeutic response. In this context, several studies have tried to understand the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of MMP-9 in melanoma patients by performing clinical trials with synthetic MMPs inhibitors. Therefore, MMP-9 may be considered a promising molecule for the management of melanoma patients due to its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Chiara Scuderi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Virginia Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.N.); (C.S.); (G.G.); (V.D.B.); (S.C.); (M.S.B.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); or (L.F.); Tel.: +39-095-478-1271 (M.L.); +39-094-478-1278 (L.F.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.); or (L.F.); Tel.: +39-095-478-1271 (M.L.); +39-094-478-1278 (L.F.)
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4
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Zou Z, Ou Q, Ren Y, Lv Q, Qin L, Zhao L, Su S, Wu X, Bao H, Wang A, Zhu D, Wang X, Shao YW, Liu B. Distinct genomic traits of acral and mucosal melanomas revealed by targeted mutational profiling. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:601-611. [PMID: 31944535 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma is rising globally including China. Comparing to Caucasians, the incidence of non-cutaneous melanomas is significantly higher in Chinese. Herein, we performed genomic profiling of 89 Chinese surgically resected primary melanomas, including acral (n = 54), cutaneous (n = 22), and mucosal (n = 13), by hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing. We show that mucosal melanomas tended to harbor more pathogenic mutations than other types of melanoma, though the biological significance of this finding remains uncertain. Chromosomal arm-level alterations including 6q, 9p, and 10p/q loss were highly recurrent in all subtypes, but mucosal melanoma was significantly associated with increased genomic instability. Importantly, 7p gain significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in non-cutaneous melanomas, representing an intriguing prognostic biomarker of those subtypes. Furthermore, focal amplification of 4q12 (KIT, KDR, and PDGFRα) and RAD51 deletion were more abundant in mucosal melanoma, while NOTCH2 amplification was enriched in acral melanoma. Additionally, cutaneous melanomas had higher mutation load than acral melanomas, while mucosal melanomas did not differ from other subtypes in mutation burden. Together, our data revealed important features of acral and mucosal melanomas in Chinese including distinctive driver mutation pattern and increased genomic instability. These findings highlight the possibilities of combination therapies in the clinical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyun Zou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Ren
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Yixing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Lanqun Qin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianjun Zhao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Su
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hua Bao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ao Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Quattrini L, Coviello V, Sartini S, Di Desidero T, Orlandi P, Ke YY, Liu KL, Hsieh HP, Bocci G, La Motta C. Dual Kit/Aur Inhibitors as Chemosensitizing Agents for the Treatment of Melanoma: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Functional Investigation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9943. [PMID: 31289333 PMCID: PMC6617451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer but its medication is still far from being safe and thoroughly effective. The search of novel therapeutic approaches represents therefore a health emergency to push through eagerly. In this study, we describe a novel class of dual c-Kit/Aur inhibitors, characterized by a 1,2,4-triazole core and developed by a structure-based optimization of a previously developed hit, and report the evidence of their significance as drug candidates for the treatment of melanoma. Compound 6a, merging the best inhibitory profile against the target kinases, showed anti-proliferative efficacy against the human melanoma cell lines A2058, expressing the BRAF V600D mutation, and WM266-4, expressing BRAF V600E. Significantly, it displayed also a highly synergistic profile when tested in combination with vemurafenib, thus proving its efficacy not only per se but even in a combination therapy, which is nowadays acknowledged as the cornerstone approach of the forthcoming tumour management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quattrini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vito Coviello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Di Desidero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lun Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Guido Bocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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6
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Chao MW, Chang LH, Tu HJ, Chang CD, Lai MJ, Chen YY, Liou JP, Teng CM, Pan SL. Combination treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer involving the novel HDAC inhibitor MPT0E028 with a MEK inhibitor beyond K-Ras status. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:85. [PMID: 31142371 PMCID: PMC6540419 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic K-Ras signaling highly relies on the canonical Ras/MEK/ERK pathway to contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. However, numerous efforts of MEK inhibitors have failed to provide an optimal antitumor effect for pancreatic cancer in practice. The aim of the present work was to develop a more efficacious therapeutic intervention for MEK inhibitors through combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MPT0E028. METHODS The effects of combined therapy on cell viability, apoptosis, protein, and RNA expressions were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and quantitative PCR analysis. The AsPC-1 xenograft was used to assess antitumor effects in vivo. RESULTS The co-administration of MPT0E028 and MEK inhibitor yielded synergistic effects on cell viability suppression both in K-Ras mutated and wild-type pancreatic cancer cells and also markedly triggered cell apoptosis. Surprisingly, ERK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were activated by the long-term and low-concentration treatment of MPT0E028 or another HDAC inhibitor alone. Whereas, the pharmacological attenuation of ERK signaling dramatically abolished the MPTE028-induced p-ERK and EGFR expression. Overexpression of HDAC4, HDAC6, and MEK, respectively, reversed the cell death induced by the combined treatment. Finally, the combined treatment decreased the tumor volume in an AsPC-1 xenograft model compared to each individual treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic anti-survival effect of the combination was suggested to occur via compensation of the MEK inhibitor for activated ERK. Our results indicate that this combination strategy could benefit patients with pancreatic cancer beyond K-Ras status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Tu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Di Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,The Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Karakasheva TA, Lin EW, Tang Q, Qiao E, Waldron TJ, Soni M, Klein-Szanto AJ, Sahu V, Basu D, Ohashi S, Baba K, Giaccone ZT, Walker SR, Frank DA, Wileyto EP, Long Q, Dunagin MC, Raj A, Diehl JA, Wong KK, Bass AJ, Rustgi AK. IL-6 Mediates Cross-Talk between Tumor Cells and Activated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4957-4970. [PMID: 29976575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple cancer types, including upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancers that currently lack effective therapeutic options. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are an essential component of the TME, contributing to tumorigenesis by secreting growth factors, modifying the extracellular matrix, supporting angiogenesis, and suppressing antitumor immune responses. Through an unbiased approach, we have established that IL-6 mediates cross-talk between tumor cells and CAF not only by supporting tumor cell growth, but also by promoting fibroblast activation. As a result, IL-6 receptor (IL6Rα) and downstream effectors offer opportunities for targeted therapy in upper-GI cancers. IL-6 loss suppressed tumorigenesis in physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) organotypic and 3D tumoroid models and murine models of esophageal cancer. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6Rα antibody, suppressed tumor growth in vivo in part via inhibition of STAT3 and MEK/ERK signaling. Analysis of a pan-cancer TCGA dataset revealed an inverse correlation between IL-6 and IL6Rα overexpression and patient survival. Therefore, we expanded evaluation of tocilizumab to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts and gastric adenocarcinoma xenografts, demonstrating suppression of tumor growth and altered STAT3 and ERK1/2 gene signatures. We used small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 and MEK1/2 signaling to suppress tumorigenesis in the 3D organotypic model of esophageal cancer. We demonstrate that IL6 is a major contributor to the dynamic cross-talk between tumor cells and CAF in the TME. Our findings provide a translational rationale for inhibition of IL6Rα and downstream signaling pathways as a novel targeted therapy in oral-upper-GI cancers.Significance: These findings demonstrate the interaction of esophageal cancer and cancer-associated fibroblasts through IL-6 signaling, providing rationale for a novel therapeutic approach to target these cancers. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4957-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric W Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edmund Qiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd J Waldron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Varun Sahu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devraj Basu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Surgery Service, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Baba
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zachary T Giaccone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret C Dunagin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - K K Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Recent developments and obstacles in the treatment of melanoma with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:84-88. [PMID: 29650281 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a least common form of cancer as it accounts only for 1% of all cancer cases. But, it is most deadly in nature and is haunting mankind for long emotionally as well as economically. The sites for the onset of the disease are pigment-producing cells of the skin, mucosa, eye etc. It has the potential to spread other sites like subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone and brain. The United States Food & Drug Administration has approved various drug molecules from time to time. The molecules (Dabrafenib-BRAF inhibitor and Trametinib-MEK inhibitor) have proved their credentials alone and in combination as well. These molecules have demonstrated good results for various end points like median progression free survival, overall survival, objective response etc. The median progression free survival for patients using dabrafenib and trametinib were 5.1 and 4.8 months, respectively (administered singly). It has increased to 11.4 months in the combination treatment "dabrafenib + trametinib", which is approximately 104% and 138% greater than dabrafenib and trametinib treated groups alone. Similarly, the overall survival rate and objective response rate for the patients administered with "dabrafenib + trametinib" have been increased by 72% 64%, respectively. All these increments in these parameters were for a short period of time as the molecules were unable to withstand the pressure of resistance developed in the patients. So, the current review suggests the use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors as intermittent therapy along with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecules.
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Pich C, Sarrabayrouse G, Teiti I, Mariamé B, Rochaix P, Lamant L, Favre G, Maisongrosse V, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Melanoma-expressed CD70 is involved in invasion and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2015; 114:63-70. [PMID: 26671750 PMCID: PMC4716537 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CD70 is a costimulatory molecule of the tumour necrosis factor family expressed in activated immune cells and some solid tumours. In lymphocytes CD70 triggers T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Methods: We evaluated the expression of CD70 in biopsies and melanoma cell lines. Using melanoma cell lines positive or not for CD70, we analysed CD70 function on melanoma progression. Results: We report CD70 expression in human melanoma cell lines and tumour cells from melanoma biopsies. This expression was observed in 95% of primary melanomas but only 37% of metastases. Both monomeric and trimeric forms of CD70 were detected in tumour cell membrane fractions, whereas cytoplasmic fractions contained almost exclusively monomeric CD70. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CD70 expression inhibited melanoma cell migration, invasion and pulmonary metastasis implantation independently of the tumour immune microenvironment. Increasing the levels of the trimeric form of CD70 through monoclonal antibody binding led to an increase in CD70+ melanoma cell invasiveness through MAPK pathway activation, RhoE overexpression, ROCK1 and MYPT1 phosphorylation decrease, and stress fibres and focal adhesions disappearance. Conclusions: Our results describe a new non-immunological function of melanoma-expressed CD70, which involves melanoma invasiveness through MAPK pathway, RhoE and cytoskeletal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pich
- Unité INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Sarrabayrouse
- Unité INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Iotefa Teiti
- Unité INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Mariamé
- Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France.,ITAV, USR 3505, 1 Place Potier, F-31106 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Rochaix
- Service d'anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer - IUCT, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Lamant
- Unité INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France.,Service d'anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer - IUCT, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Unité INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France.,Service d'anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer - IUCT, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Maisongrosse
- Service d'anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer - IUCT, F-31059 Toulouse, France
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