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Wu R, Yuan B, Li C, Wang Z, Song Y, Liu H. A narrative review of advances in treatment and survival prognosis of HER2-positive malignant lung cancers. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3708-3720. [PMID: 34277062 PMCID: PMC8264687 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), as a receptor tyrosine kinase of EGF receptor family, whose mutation is often associated with even if less frequency but poor prognosis and shorter survival in pulmonary malignant tumor. HER2 status include mutation, overexpression, amplification and also some rare genotypes, detected by next generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and also fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Different genotypes represent different therapeutic targets and indicate different clinical prognosis concluded by previous studies. Unfortunately, no standard guidelines for first-line treatment are widely recognized, and current therapeutic schedules include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Especially for patients with advanced metastasis, chemotherapy is based as a systemic therapy using studies of breast cancer or EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma as a template. Studies already explored treatment including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and afatinib, and also trastuzumab and its conjugation like HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). Also, he researches explored combination therapy with chemotherapy and TKIs or monoclonal antibodies. This review describes commonly used therapies for HER2-positive/HER2-overexpression patients and general relationship between genotypes of HER2, drug selection and final prognosis in order to provide suggestions for future diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranpu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuling Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Survival outcomes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:786-790. [PMID: 30110016 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib is used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib was subsidized on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule in Australia for the treatment of advanced stage (IIIB or IV) NSCLC (August 2008). In the pivotal trial supporting initial subsidy, erlotinib increased overall survival (OS) by 2 months compared with placebo (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85). We examined the effectiveness of erlotinib in a 'real-world' setting by measuring survival outcomes in NSCLC patients treated in two tertiary metropolitan public hospitals in Queensland. We extracted data from the electronic oncology prescribing system (CHARM) for NSCLC patients prescribed erlotinib (1 September 2009 to 1 February 2015). Survival estimates and analyses were generated using Kaplan-Meier curves. 134 patients received at least one dose of erlotinib during the study period. At the date of data extraction 113 patients had died. The median patient age was 64 years and 55% were men. The median duration of treatment was 2.0 months. The median OS was 5.8 months. The median progression-free survival (time from start of erlotinib to disease progression or death from any cause) was 3.6 months. The use of erlotinib in the two Queensland sites was consistent with the pivotal trial used to support subsidy. The median OS was somewhat less than the trial (5.8 vs. 6.7 months), which could be because of the hospital cohort including frailer patients who were unsuitable for parenteral chemotherapy, and the mixed epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status of the hospital cohort.
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Wang CM, Yeh KL, Tsai SJ, Jhan YL, Chou CH. Anti-Proliferative Activity of Triterpenoids and Sterols Isolated from Alstonia scholaris against Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E2119. [PMID: 29194373 PMCID: PMC6149710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In China and South Asia, Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in traditional ethnopharmacy to treat infectious diseases. Although various pharmacological activities have been reported, the anti-lung cancer components of A. scholaris have not yet been identified. The objective of this study is to evaluate the active components of the leaf extract of A. scholaris, and assess the anti-proliferation effects of isolated compounds against non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells; (2) Methods: NMR was used to identify the chemical constitutes isolated from the leaf extract of A. scholaris. The anti-proliferative activity of compounds against non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; (3) Results: Eight triterpenoids and five sterols were isolated from the hexane portion of A. scholaris, and structurally identified as: (1) ursolic acid, (2) oleanolic acid, (3) betulinic acid, (4) betulin, (5) 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol, (6) lupeol, (7) β-amyrin, (8) α-amyrin, (9) poriferasterol, (10) epicampesterol, (11) β-sitosterol, (12) 6β-hydroxy-4-stigmasten-3-one, and (13) ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol. Compound 5 was isolated from a plant source for the first time. In addition, compounds 9, 10, 12, and 13 were also isolated from A. scholaris for the first time. Ursolic acid, betulinic acid, betulin, and 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol showed anti-proliferative activity against NSCLC, with IC50 of 39.8, 40.1, 240.5 and 172.6 μM, respectively.; (4) Conclusion: These findings reflect that pentacyclic triterpenoids are the anti-lung cancer chemicals in A. scholaris. The ability of ursolic acid, betulinic acid, betulin, and 2β,3β,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol to inhibit the proliferative activity of NSCLC can constitute a valuable group of therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Min Wang
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei-Lin Yeh
- Department of Laboratory, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Jie Tsai
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Jhan
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Recombinant EGFR/MMP-2 bi-targeted fusion protein markedly binding to non-small-cell lung carcinoma and exerting potent therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 126:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nixon NA, Khan OF, Imam H, Tang PA, Monzon J, Li H, Sun G, Ezeife D, Parimi S, Dowden S, Tam VC. Drug development for breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancers from 1979 to 2014. Cancer 2017; 123:4672-4679. [PMID: 28817175 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the drug development pathway is critical for streamlining the development of effective cancer treatments. The objective of the current study was to delineate the drug development timeline and attrition rate of different drug classes for common cancer disease sites. METHODS Drugs entering clinical trials for breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer were identified using a pharmaceutical business intelligence database. Data regarding drug characteristics, clinical trials, and approval dates were obtained from the database, clinical trial registries, PubMed, and regulatory Web sites. RESULTS A total of 411 drugs met the inclusion criteria for breast cancer, 246 drugs met the inclusion criteria for colorectal cancer, and 315 drugs met the inclusion criteria for non-small cell lung cancer. Attrition rates were 83.9% for breast cancer, 87.0% for colorectal cancer, and 92.0% for non-small cell lung cancer drugs. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer, there was a trend toward higher attrition rates for targeted monoclonal antibodies compared with other agents. No tumor site-specific differences were noted with regard to cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunomodulatory, or small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs. Drugs classified as "others" in breast cancer had lower attrition rates, primarily due to the higher success of hormonal medications. Mean drug development times were 8.9 years for breast cancer, 6.7 years for colorectal cancer, and 6.6 years for non-small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall oncologic drug attrition rates remain high, and drugs are more likely to fail in later-stage clinical trials. The refinement of early-phase trial design may permit the selection of drugs that are more likely to succeed in the phase 3 setting. Cancer 2017;123:4672-4679. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Nixon
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omar F Khan
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hasiba Imam
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patricia A Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose Monzon
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haocheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doreen Ezeife
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunil Parimi
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scot Dowden
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent C Tam
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Addeo R. A new frontier for targeted therapy in NSCLC: clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab in the inhibition of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:199-201. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1286986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang J, He J, Yu M, Li T, Luo L, Liu P. The efficacy and safety of platinum plus gemcitabine (PG) chemotherapy with or without molecular targeted agent (MTA) in first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5599. [PMID: 27977596 PMCID: PMC5268042 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials investigating the efficacy and safety of combining molecular targeted agent (MTA) with platinum-gemcitabine (PG) in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have shown inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis aimed to explore whether the addition of MTAs to PG in NSCLC could provide a survival benefit with a tolerable toxicity. METHODS Web of knowledge, PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies and extract data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and common grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted on the basis of race and the type of MTA. RESULTS Twelve trials with a total of 6143 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with PG chemotherapy, combination therapy of MTA with PG did not improve OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90-1.01) but improved PFS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66-0.89) and ORR (risk ratio [RR] = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.11-1.60). Subanalysis indicated that there was more incidence of grade 3 or 4 rash (RR = 11.20, 95% CI = 6.07-20.68), anemia (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.46), diarrhea (RR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.21-5.65), and anorexia (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.12-3.88) in combining epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapy group compared to PG group. An increased risk of grade 3 or 4 rash (RR = 5.08, 95% CI = 1.53-16.79), thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03-2.18), and hypertension (RR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.05-5.32) was observed in sorafenib combination group. CONCLUSION The combination of PG plus MTA was superior to PG alone in terms of PFS and ORR but not in OS. The combination chemotherapy also showed a higher frequency of grade 3 or higher toxic effects in patients with advanced NSCLC than PG chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taishun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
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Ye S, Li J, Hao K, Yan J, Zhou H. The Efficacy and Risk Profile of c-Met inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35770. [PMID: 27786238 PMCID: PMC5081544 DOI: 10.1038/srep35770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET inhibitors are considered as a kind of novel drugs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the results of different clinical studies involving c-MET inhibitors were not consistent. In this report, we performed Meta-analysis to investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of these drugs from 9 studies including 1611 patients in target drug groups and 1605 patients in control groups. As a result, patients in target drugs group had longer progression free survival (PFS) (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.99, p = 0.04) but not overall survival (OS) than those in control group, especially in Asian (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.76, p < 0.001), Non-squamous (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97, p = 0.03), Phase III (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.86, p = 0.002), previous treated (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95, p = 0.01) and small molecular compounds subgroups (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.78, p < 0.001). In addition, target drugs did not affect the objective response rate (ORR) but improved disease control rate (DCR) (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46, p = 0.03) of NSCLC patients. Our study first indicated that targeting c-MET therapies improved PFS and DCR in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, especially in previous treated Asian patients with adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiuke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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