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Tomao F, Caruso G, Musacchio L, Di Donato V, Petrella MC, Verrico M, Tomao S, Benedetti Panici P, Muzii L, Palaia I. Capecitabine in treating patients with advanced, persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer: an active and safe option? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:641-650. [PMID: 33555963 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1887850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Advanced, persistent or recurrent cervical cancer in patients not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy predicts a dismal prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy based on paclitaxel/cisplatin ± bevacizumab is the current standard of care. However, once progression occurs, the possibility of alternative treatment options is very limited.Areas covered: The usefulness of capecitabine has been well-established against several cancer types, including head and neck, breast, and colorectal cancer. This review covers current literature evidence on the clinical efficacy and safety of capecitabine in cervical cancer treatment, either as monotherapy or combined with other agents or chemo-radiotherapy.Expert opinion: Recent clinical data, albeit scant, suggested a promising role for capecitabine both as monotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant cervical cancer and in combination with cisplatin in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. In our opinion, capecitabine, especially in combination regimens, could represent a valid treatment option and further research is warranted to better understand its effectiveness in these challenging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Musacchio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Verrico
- Department of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Chen C, Wei M, Wang C, Sun D, Liu P, Zhong X, Yu W. Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing aerobic glycolysis via hexokinase-2. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11685-11697. [PMID: 32564010 PMCID: PMC7343465 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role and prognostic significance of the long coding RNA (lncRNA) KCNQ1OT1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). KCNQ1OT1 levels were significantly higher in CRC tissues than adjacent normal colorectal tissues (n=79). High KCNQ1OT1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in CRC patients. KCNQ1OT1-silenced CRC cells showed reduced proliferation, colony formation, extracellular acidification, and lactate and glucose secretion. This suggests KCNQ1OT1 promotes CRC cell proliferation by increasing aerobic glycolysis. RNA pull-down assays with biotinylated KCNQ1OT1 followed by mass spectrometry analysis showed that KCNQ1OT1 directly binds to hexokinase 2 (HK2). This was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assays using anti-hexokinase 2 antibody. HK2 protein levels were reduced in KCNQ1OT1 knockdown CRC cells, but were restored by treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown CRC cells also showed higher ubiquitinated-HK2 levels, suggesting KCNQ1OT1 enhances aerobic glycolysis by stabilizing HK2. HK2 overexpression in KCNQ1OT1 knockdown CRC cells restored proliferation and aerobic glycolysis. KCNQ1OT1 levels correlated positively with HK2 expression and prognosis in CRC patients. These findings show that KCNQ1OT1 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by increasing aerobic glycolysis through HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Danping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Huang MJ, Wang XD, Hu YJ, Yang J, Li K. Short-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery are beneficial in Chinese patients: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9394. [PMID: 29390548 PMCID: PMC5758250 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) is used to reduce tumor size for easier resection or improved resectability rates. Considering the difficulties regarding health insurance and health resources in China, an evidence-based short-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with surgery to cure patients was performed. This study compared the postoperative effects between short-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery and surgery without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.The current retrospective study was based on a rectal cancer database, including 274 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between January 2014 and October 2016. Data were analyzed with respect to curative rate, postoperative recovery indicators (times to nasogastric tube, urinary catheter, and drainage tube removal and times to first oral feeding and passing of flatus postsurgery), chemoradiotherapy-related indicators [white blood cell count (WBC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels], and adverse effects indicators, evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0.There was no significant difference between the combined therapy and surgery groups (P > .05) in terms of radical resection rates and the times to urinary catheter removal and passing flatus (P > .05). Statistically significant differences (P < .05) in terms of earlier time for removal of the nasogastric and drainage tubes and time to first oral feeding were observed in the combined therapy group. The decreases in WBC and CEA levels in the combined therapy group were significantly greater than those in the surgery group 1 week after surgery (P < .05); after 1 month, the CEA decrease in the combined therapy group was significantly greater than that in the surgery group (P < .05). More patients in the combined therapy group experienced vomiting, indigestion, dehydration, oral mucositis, sensory neuritis, and alopecia compared with those in the surgery group 1 week after surgery (P < .05); after 1 month, only the incidence of alopecia was higher in the combined therapy group (P < .05).The combined therapy group demonstrated earlier postoperative recovery compared with the surgery group. Short-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with surgery may lead to postoperative treatment-related adverse effects of varying degrees; however, these adverse effects eventually improve with time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Jie Hu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
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Gef gene therapy enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxics in colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:563-7. [PMID: 22770988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Rousseau F, Bugat R, Ducreux M, Cvitkovic F, Carola E, Gisselbrecht M, Viret F, Esterni B, Genève J, Brain E. Effect of XELOX on functional ability among elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the FNCLCC/GERICO 02 phase II study. J Geriatr Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chu E, Schulman KL, McKenna EF, Cartwright T. Patients With Locally Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Capecitabine Versus 5-Fluorouracil as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy With Oxaliplatin: A Cost Comparison. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2010; 9:229-37. [DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2010.n.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Y, Li J, Lu M, Wang XC, Shen L. Capecitabine maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-010-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy of capecitabine: focus on breast and colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:217-29. [PMID: 19247178 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283293fd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine (N -pentyloxycarbonyl-5-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine), an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, has provided compelling efficacy data for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and stage III or IV colorectal cancer, both as monotherapy and in combination regimens. The preferential conversion of capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil in neoplastic tissues renders this fluoropyrimidine particularly appealing for clinical use. The enzyme thymidine phosphorylase, which mediates the final step of the capecitabine activation pathway, is expressed in higher concentration in neoplastic than in healthy tissues. This makes capecitabine more tumor specific than other chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, capecitabine is generally well tolerated. In particular, the incidence of myelosuppression and alopecia is low, and the most common side effects, hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea, are usually manageable. Given its good toxicity profile, capecitabine was assessed in combination with several chemotherapeutic or biologic agents. In addition, the observation that thymidine phosphorylase is upregulated after treatment with other anticancer drugs, namely taxanes, provided a rationale for the prominent antitumor activity recently observed for the combination of capecitabine with these agents. This review provides an evidence-based update of clinical trials investigating the role of capecitabine in the treatment of breast and colorectal cancer, with special emphasis on pharmacological and safety issues that form the basis of currently used schedules.
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