|
1
|
Renziehausen A, Wang H, Rao B, Weir L, Nigro CL, Lattanzio L, Merlano M, Vega-Rioja A, del Carmen Fernandez-Carranco M, Hajji N, Matin R, Harwood C, Li S, Sim VR, O’Neill K, Evans A, Thompson A, Szlosarek P, Fleming C, Stebbing J, Proby C, Tzakos AG, Syed N, Crook T. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) mediates bifunctional growth regulation in melanoma and is a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 2018; 38:2320-2336. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
|
2
|
Moreno-Traspas R, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Ortiz-Urda S. New insights in melanoma biomarkers: long-noncoding RNAs. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:195-205. [PMID: 30190889 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the leading cancers worldwide, distinguished for its malignancy and low survival rates. Although the poor outcome could improve with an early diagnosis and a good monitoring of the disease, current melanoma biomarkers display several limitations which make them useless. Interestingly, long-noncoding RNAs are secreted into the bloodstream inside exosomes by a wide range of malignant cells, and several of them have been validated as promising circulating molecular signatures of other tumors, but not melanoma. In this review we propose to explore the booming field of long-noncoding RNAs in order to find potential candidates to be tested as novel melanoma biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of improving melanoma detection, diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreno-Traspas
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Igor Vujic
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Susana Ortiz-Urda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Lattanzio L, Lo Nigro C. Epigenetics and DNA methylation in cancer. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:11-24. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic is the study of those alterations regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence and inherited by transmission through cell division. Mutational and epimutational events that alterate cellular growth and division are combined in carcinogenesis. Advances in genome and epigenome-wide analysis identify DNA hypomethylation, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, aberrant histone modifications and/or specific miRNA expression profiles to contribute to tumor initiation and progression. The major challenge for cancer researchers is to enlighten the complex relationship between the epigenetic and genetic machinery in order to optimize combined therapies, reducing chemoresistance and minimizing adverse effects in cancer patients. In this review we will cover many distinct aspects of epigenetic phenomenon. Firstly, we will globally explain the most common epigenetic events and their effects on gene expression regulation. Secondly, we will review the evidence of the correlation between epigenetics and cancer progression, focusing in particular on the effect of aberrant hypo- and hyper-methylation. We will also consider the main methods currently used for methylation analysis, covering both locus-specific technologies and genome-wide analysis. Finally, we will discuss the introduction of novel epigenetic drugs in combination with conventional treatments in order to develop more effective cancer therapies. Such information could help in understanding the important role of epigenetics in cancer.
Collapse
|