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Kim HW, Wu KLK, Tam KW, Chan YS, Shum DKY. Pericyte derivation and transplantation for blood-CNS barrier reconstitution in CNS disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:147-154. [PMID: 39007089 PMCID: PMC11240299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-central nervous system barrier (BCB) is increasingly recognized as a pathological factor in diseases and trauma of the central nervous system. Despite the neuropathological impact, current treatment modalities do not target the BCB; strategies to reconstitute the impaired BCB have been restricted to nutritional and dietary remedies. As an integral cell type in the neurovascular unit, pericytes are crucial to the development, maintenance, and repair of the BCB. As such, pericytes are well poised as cellular agents for reconstitution of the impaired BCB. Here, we summarize recent revelations regarding the role of BCB disruption in diseases and trauma of the central nervous system and highlight how pericytes are harnessed to provide targeted therapeutic effect in each case. This review will also address how recent advances in pericyte derivation strategies can serve to overcome practical hurdles in the clinical use of pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Lap Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin-Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Musmar B, Adeeb N, Ansari J, Sharma P, Cuellar HH. Endovascular Management of Hemorrhagic Stroke. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010100. [PMID: 35052779 PMCID: PMC8772870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in endovascular neurosurgery tools, devices, and techniques are changing the approach to the management of acute hemorrhagic stroke. The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms emerged in the early 1990s with Guglielmi detachable coils, and since then, it gained rapid popularity that surpassed open surgery. Stent-assisted coiling and balloon remodeling techniques have made the treatment of wide-necked aneurysms more durable. With the introduction of flow diverters and flow disrupters, many aneurysms with complex geometrics can now be reliably managed. Arteriovenous malformations and fistulae can also benefit from endovascular therapy by embolization using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA), Onyx, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and coils. In this article, we describe the role of endovascular treatment for the most common causes of intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages, particularly ruptured aneurysms and vascular malformations.
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Lai X, Xiong Y, Zhou J, Yang F, Peng J, Chen L, Zhong W. Verbascoside attenuates acute inflammatory injury in experimental cerebral hemorrhage by suppressing TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:721-726. [PMID: 31543344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular condition with high mortality, disability and recurrence rates. TLR4-mediated acute inflammatory injury plays a pivotal role in ICH. Verbascoside (VB) is an active component of multiple medicinal plants, and exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by targeting the inflammatory response. However, the effects of VB on ICH and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of VB on acute ICH, and the possible involvement of TLR4-mediated inflammation. VB improved the behavioral score and reduced the hematoma volume, brain edema and neuronal apoptosis in a murine model of acute ICH. Mechanistically, VB attenuated macroglia activation and decreased inflammatory factor levels, which in turn protected the neurons. Furthermore, TLR4 knockout abolished the effects of VB both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, VB attenuates the symptoms of ICH by targeting the TLR4-mediated acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lai
- Day Surgery Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Luo Q, Li D, Bao B, Wan X, Pan B, Tu J, Wang H, Ouyang Y, Chen Z, Yin X. NEMO-binding domain peptides alleviate perihematomal inflammation injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2019; 409:43-57. [PMID: 31047976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation aggravates the lethal consequences of intracerebral hemorrhage. Recently, many studies have found that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a crucial transcription factor that initiates inflammation in the perihematomal region of ICH. NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-binding domain (NBD) peptide, a cell-permeable peptide spanning the NBD of IKKα or IKKβ, functions as a highly specific inhibitor of NF-κB. This peptide can negatively regulate the NF-κB pathway. The present study aimed to explore the effects and underlying pathomechanisms of NBD peptides after ICH. Striatum infusion of whole blood or saline was performed on C57BL/6 mice (n = 198). Experimental animals were administered NBD or control (mutated) peptides 2 h before or after ICH by intracerebroventricular injection (icv.). NBD peptides significantly inhibited edema formation, ameliorated the neurological deficits, markedly reduced IκBα and p65 phosphorylation, blocked nuclear translocation of p65, and upregulated IκBα expression by NF-κB after ICH induction. Using an in vitro hemin toxicity model, we investigated the effects of NBD peptides on microglial inflammation. We found that NBD peptides suppressed microglia inflammation and lowered the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Further experiments were performed in mice and cultured microglia, which treated with NBD peptides in the presence of p65 siRNA confirmed that the specificity of NBD peptides inhibit ICH-induced NF-κB activation. This study demonstrated that NBD peptides exert a neuroprotective role after ICH and might be a potential candidate for a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dongling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bing Bao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, Xiangyang East Road, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bingxing Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, , China
| | - Jianglong Tu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, Xiangyang East Road, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yetong Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, Xiangyang East Road, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, Xiangyang East Road, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, Xiangyang East Road, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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The Effect of Transtemperal Approach and Placement of Intracranial Pressure Sensor Into Temporal Horn of Lateral Ventricle in Management of Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Broken Into Ventricles. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:1604-1606. [PMID: 29771830 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of transtemperal approach and placement of intracranial pressure sensor into temporal horn of lateral ventricle in management of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles, a total of 37 patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles treated by operation from January 2016 to December 20l6 were analyzed retrospectively, of which 25 patients in simple transtemporal approach group and 12 patients in transtemperal approach and placement of intracranial pressure sensor into temporal horn of lateral ventricle group. All patients were followed up for 8 months to 1.5 years. Two groups were estimated by mortality, clearance rate of hematoma, removal rate of bone flap, good prognosis rate of ADL and incidence of hydrocephalus. The good prognosis rate of ADL and the incidence of hydrocephalus are only statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). According to the result, the transtemperal approach and placement of intracranial pressure sensor into temporal horn of lateral ventricle in management of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles is a safe, effective, and less complication of treatment measure.
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Hemoglobin enhances miRNA-144 expression and autophagic activation mediated inflammation of microglia via mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11861. [PMID: 28928406 PMCID: PMC5605685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage promotes autophagic activation of microglia and enhances neuroinflammation. MiRNAs are key factors to autophagy, contributed to negatively and posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and function. However, the specific miRNAs involved in the intracerebral hemorrhage mediated microglia autophagic activation are unidentified. In this experiment, microglia was treated with hemoglobin. And then, miRNA-144 expression, autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia were detected. In addition, the mTOR target of miRNA-144 and its regulation were identified. Our data demonstrated that hemoglobin promoted miRNA-144 expression and autophagic activation mediated inflammation. Additionally, miRNA-144 targeted mTOR by directly interacting with the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), mutations of the binding sites abolish the miRNA-144 responsiveness. Overexpression of mTOR decreased autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia. Therefore, our results suggested that miRNA-144 contributed to hemoglobin mediated autophagic activation and inflammation of microglia via mTOR pathway. And miRNA based treatment provided novel therapeutical strategy for intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Predictive Value of CTA Spot Sign on Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4137210. [PMID: 28852647 PMCID: PMC5567448 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4137210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematoma expansion (HE) occurs in approximately one-third of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and leads to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Currently, contrast extravasation within hematoma, termed the spot sign on computed tomography angiography (CTA), has been identified as a strong independent predictor of early hematoma expansion. Past studies indicate that the spot sign is a dynamic entity and is indicative of active hemorrhage. Furthermore, to enhance the spot sign's accuracy of predicting HE, spot parameters observed on CTA or dynamic CTA were used for its quantification. In addition, spot signs detected on multiphase CTA and dynamic CTA are shown to have higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with simple standardized spot sign detection in recent studies. Based on the spot sign, novel methods such as leakage sign and rate of contrast extravasation were explored to redefine HE prediction in combination with clinical characteristics and spot sign on CTA to assist clinical judgment. The spot sign is an accepted independent predictor of active hemorrhage and is used in both secondary intracerebral hemorrhage and the process of surgical assessment for hemorrhagic risk in patients with ischemic stroke. Spot sign predicts patients at high risk for hematoma expansion.
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Askenase MH, Sansing LH. Stages of the Inflammatory Response in Pathology and Tissue Repair after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Semin Neurol 2016; 36:288-97. [PMID: 27214704 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major health concern, with high rates of mortality and morbidity and no highly effective clinical interventions. Basic research in animal models of ICH has provided insight into its complex pathology, in particular revealing the role of inflammation in driving neuronal death and neurologic deficits after hemorrhage. The response to ICH occurs in four distinct phases: (1) initial tissue damage and local activation of inflammatory factors, (2) inflammation-driven breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, (3) recruitment of circulating inflammatory cells and subsequent secondary immunopathology, and (4) engagement of tissue repair responses that promote tissue repair and restoration of neurologic function. The development of CNS inflammation occurs over many days after initial hemorrhage and thus may represent an ideal target for treatment of the disease, but further research is required to identify the mechanisms that promote engagement of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory pathways. In this review, the authors examine how experimental models of ICH have uncovered critical mediators of pathology in each of the four stages of the inflammatory response, and focus on the role of the immune system in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Askenase
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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