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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tian PP, Lv YY, Wei S, Zhang SB, Zheng XT, Hu YS. Antifungal activity of puroindoline protein from soft wheat against grain molds and its potential as a biocontrol agent. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:114-125. [PMID: 35298847 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mold growth reduces the quality of stored grains, besides producing toxins that pose a potential threat to human health. Therefore, prevention of grain mold growth during storage is important to ensure a safe and high-quality product, preferably using an eco-friendly antifungal agent. The Puroindoline (PIN) protein was extracted by Triton X-114, and identified by QE mass spectrometry. A. flavus has attracted much attention because of its toxic secondary metabolites, and PIN protein showed a significant inhibition on A. flavus growth. Scanning electron microscopy revealed altered spore morphology of A. flavus following PIN protein treatment, and propidium iodide staining showed incomplete spore cell membranes. The disruption and deformation of A. flavus spores suggest that the cell walls and cell membranes were compromised. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using JC-1 and 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. PIN protein could effectively inhibit the growth and aflatoxins B1 production of A. flavus in stored grains, such as wheat and rice. PIN proteins can inhibit the growth of many common grain storage molds, including Penicillium, Aspergillus spp. (A. flavus, A. glaucus, A. kawachii, A. ochraceus, A. niger), Alternaria, and Fusarium graminearum, in a dose-dependent manner. PIN protein has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of grain molds, with a stronger inhibitory effect noted in wheat and rice. Our study provides a novel and simple theoretical basis for the selection and storage of mold-resistant in grains and food during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Tian
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Zheng
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Ouyang Q, Meng Y, Zhou W, Tong J, Cheng Z, Zhu Q. New advances in brain-targeting nano-drug delivery systems for Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Target 2021; 30:61-81. [PMID: 33983096 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1927055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and its incidence is increasing due to the ageing population. Currently, the main limitations of AD treatment are low blood-brain barrier permeability, severe off-target of drugs, and immune abnormality. In this review, four hypotheses for Alzheimer's pathogenesis and three challenges for Alzheimer's drug delivery are discussed. In addition, this article summarises the different strategies of brain targeting nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) developed in the last 10 years. These strategies include receptor-mediated (transferrin receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, lactoferrin receptor, etc.), adsorption-mediated (cationic, alkaline polypeptide, cell-penetrating peptides, etc.), and transporter-mediated (P-gp, GLUT1, etc.). Moreover, it provides insights into novel strategies used in AD, such as exosomes, virus-like particles, and cell membrane coating particles. Hence, this review will help researchers to understand the current progress in the field of NDDSs for the central nervous system and find new directions for AD therapy.HighlightsCharacteristics and challenges based on the pathogenesis of AD were discussed.Recent advances in novel brain-targeting NDDSs for AD over the past 10 years were summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ouyang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingcai Meng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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The Effects of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on the Secretory Activity of Astrocytes and β Amyloid-Associated Neurodegeneration in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells: Alpha-Linolenic Acid Protects the SH-SY5Y cells against β Amyloid Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8908901. [PMID: 32832007 PMCID: PMC7428942 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8908901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid β- (Aβ-) induced mitochondrial dysfunction may be a primary process triggering all the cascades of events that lead to AD. Therefore, identification of natural factors and endogenous mechanisms that protect neurons against Aβ toxicity is needed. In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes. Moreover, we explored the protective effect of astrocytes-derived insulin/IGF-I on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, with special attention paid to their impact on mitochondrial function of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that ALA induced insulin and IGF-I secretion from astrocytes. Our findings demonstrated that astrocyte-derived insulin/insulin-like growth factor I protects differentiated SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ1-42-induced cell death. Moreover, pretreatment with conditioned medium (CM) and ALA-preactivated CM (ALA-CM) protected the SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, restoring the balance between fusion and fission processes, and regulation of mitophagy and autophagy processes. Our study suggested that astrocyte-derived insulin/insulin-like growth factor I suppresses Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cells by protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of CM were intensified by preactivation with ALA.
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Zhong L, Tong Y, Chuan J, Bai L, Shi J, Zhu Y. Protective effect of ethyl vanillin against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2666-2674. [PMID: 30930969 PMCID: PMC6425458 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides induces oxidative stress, which is considered a major contributor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prevention of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is proposed as a possible modality for treatment of AD. The present study aimed to elucidate possible effects of ethyl vanillin (EVA), an analog of vanillin isolated from vanilla beans, on the Aβ1-42-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells. EVA restrained the decrease in PC12 cell viability and apoptosis induction caused by treatment with Aβ1-42. In addition, EVA markedly alleviated intracellular lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by malondialdehyde levels and reactive oxygen species production in Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells. In addition, the reduction in the activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was detected in Aβ1-42-treated PC12 cells. This effect was partially reversed by treatment with EVA. Furthermore, the results indicated that EVA attenuated Aβ1-42-induced caspase-3 activation and the increase noted in the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2/apoptosis regulator Bax ratio of PC12 cells. These results indicated that EVA could be used as an efficient and novel agent for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases via inhibition of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yuna Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Junlan Chuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Wang C, Cai X, Hu W, Li Z, Kong F, Chen X, Wang D. Investigation of the neuroprotective effects of crocin via antioxidant activities in HT22 cells and in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:956-966. [PMID: 30569175 PMCID: PMC6317678 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its complex pathogenesis, the prevention and therapization of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a serious challenge. Crocin, the main compound isolated from Crocus sativus L., demonstrates various pharmacological activities including anti-apoptotic properties. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of crocin and the underlying mechanisms. In l-glutamate-damaged HT22 cells, 3-h crocin pretreatment strongly enhanced the HT22 cell viability, reduced the apoptotic rate, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and Ca2+ overload compared with untreated cells. Additionally, crocin significantly decreased the expression levels of Bax, Bad and cleaved caspase-3 and increased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra large, phosphorylated (P-) protein kinase B and P-mammalian target of rapamycin compared with untreated cells. In mice with AD induced by d-galactose and aluminum trichloride, crocin substantially improved the cognition and memory abilities of the mice as measured by their coordination of movement in an open field test, and reduced their escape time in the Morris water maze test compared with untreated mice. Biochemical analysis confirmed that crocin was able to reduce the Aβ1-42 content in the mouse brains, increase the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase, and reduce the levels of ROS and acetylcholinesterase in the serum, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus compared with untreated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that crocin reduced Aβ1-42 deposition in the hippocampus of the brains of treated mice compared with untreated mice. In conclusion, crocin demonstrates good prospects in the treatment of AD through the oxidative stress-associated apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenji Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130006, P.R. China
| | - Fange Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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El-Magd MA, Khalifa SF, A Alzahrani FA, Badawy AA, El-Shetry ES, Dawood LM, Alruwaili MM, Alrawaili HA, Risha EF, El-Taweel FM, Marei HE. Incensole acetate prevents beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in human olfactory bulb neural stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:813-823. [PMID: 29913410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a potent neurotoxic protein associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) which causes oxidative damage to neurons. Incensole acetate (IA) is a major constituent of Boswellia carterii resin, which has anti-inflammatory and protective properties against damage of a large verity of neural subtypes. However, this neuroprotective effect was not studied on human olfactory bulb neural stem cells (hOBNSCs). Herein, we evaluated this effect and studied the underlying mechanisms. Exposure to Aβ25-35 (5 and 10 μM for 24 h) inhibited proliferation (revealed by downregulation of Nestin and Sox2 gene expression), and induced differentiation (marked by increased expression of the immature neuronal marker Map2 and the astrocyte marker Gfap) of hOBNSCs. However, pre-treatment with IA (100 μM for 4 h) stimulated proliferation and differentiation of neuronal, rather than astrocyte, markers. Moreover, IA pretreatment significantly decreased the Aβ25-35-induced viability loss, apoptotic rate (revealed by decreased caspase 3 activity and protein expression, downregulated expression of Bax, caspase 8, cyto c, caspase3, and upregulated expression of Bcl2 mRNAs and proteins, in addition to elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered intracellular Ca+2). IA reduced Aβ-mediated ROS production (revealed by decreased intracellular ROS and MDA level, and increased SOD, CAT, and GPX contents), and inhibited Aβ-induced inflammation (marked by down-regulated expression of IL1b, TNFa, NfKb, and Cox2 genes). IA also significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Erk1/2 and Nrf2. Notably, IA increased the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and this effect was reversed by HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) leading to reduction of the neuroprotective effect of IA against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. These findings clearly show the ability of IA to initiate proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors in hOBNSCs and induce HO-1 expression, thereby protecting the hOBNSCs cells from Aβ25-35-induced oxidative cell death. Thus, IA may be applicable as a potential preventive agent for AD by its effect on hOBNSCs and could also be used as an adjuvant to hOBNSCs in cellular therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Sara F Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
| | - Faisal Abdulrahman A Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah), Rabigh Branch, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelnaser A Badawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Lamess M Dawood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alruwaili
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Biosciences, Northern Border University, Arar City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hedib A Alrawaili
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Health Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Engi F Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Fathy M El-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt
| | - Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Izzo A, Mollo N, Nitti M, Paladino S, Calì G, Genesio R, Bonfiglio F, Cicatiello R, Barbato M, Sarnataro V, Conti A, Nitsch L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in down syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Mol Med 2018; 24:2. [PMID: 30134785 PMCID: PMC6016872 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of chromosome 21 (TS21) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy compatible with postnatal survival with a prevalence of 1 in 700 newborns. Its phenotype is highly complex with constant features, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic traits and hypotonia, and variable features including heart defects, susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type 2 diabetes, obesity and immune disorders. Overexpression of genes on chromosome-21 (Hsa21) is responsible for the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) phenotypic features either in a direct or in an indirect manner since many Hsa21 genes can affect the expression of other genes mapping to different chromosomes. Many of these genes are involved in mitochondrial function and energy conversion, and play a central role in the mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic oxidative stress, consistently observed in DS subjects. Recent studies highlight the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and DS phenotype. In this short review we first provide a basic overview of mitochondrial phenotype in DS cells and tissues. We then discuss how specific Hsa21 genes may be involved in determining the disruption of mitochondrial DS phenotype and biogenesis. Finally we briefly focus on drugs that affect mitochondrial function and mitochondrial network suggesting possible therapeutic approaches to improve and/or prevent some aspects of the DS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Barbato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Tong Y, Bai L, Gong R, Chuan J, Duan X, Zhu Y. Shikonin Protects PC12 Cells Against β-amyloid Peptide-Induced Cell Injury Through Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Activities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:26. [PMID: 29311595 PMCID: PMC5758797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is thought to be a major causative factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pretreating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate the progression and development of AD. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of shikonin, a naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the roots of the traditional Chinese herb Lithospermum erythrorhizon, on Aβ1-42-treated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Pretreating cells with shikonin strongly improved cell viability, decreased the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential in Aβ1-42-induced PC12 cells. In addition, shikonin strongly improved the response of the antioxidant system to ROS by increasing the levels of superoxidedismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, shikonin has the ability to reduce proapoptotic signaling by reducing the activity of caspase-3 and moderating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. These observations indicate that shikonin holds great potential for neuroprotection via inhibition of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Junlan Chuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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10
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Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity Is Essential for Amanita caesarea Mediated Neuroprotection on Glutamate-Induced Apoptotic HT22 Cells and an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081623. [PMID: 28749416 PMCID: PMC5578015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amanita caesarea, an edible mushroom found mainly in Asia and southern Europe, has been reported to show good antioxidative activities. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of A. caesarea aqueous extract (AC) were determined in an l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) induced HT22 cell apoptosis model, and in a d-galactose (d-gal) and AlCl3-developed experimental Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. In 25 mM of l-Glu-damaged HT22 cells, a 3-h pretreatment with AC strongly improved cell viability, reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells, restored mitochondrial function, inhibited the over-production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, and suppressed the high expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3, calpain 1, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Bax. Compared with HT22 exposed only to l-Glu cells, AC enhanced the phosphorylation activities of protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and suppressed the phosphorylation activities of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). In the experimental AD mouse, 28-day AC administration at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day strongly enhanced vertical movements and locomotor activities, increased the endurance time in the rotarod test, and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test. AC also alleviated the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain and improved the central cholinergic system function, as indicated by an increase acetylcholine (Ach) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) concentrations and a reduction in acetylcholine esterase (AchE) levels. Moreover, AC reduced ROS levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the brain of experimental AD mice. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence that A. caesarea may serve as potential food for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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11
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Boonruamkaew P, Chonpathompikunlert P, Vong LB, Sakaue S, Tomidokoro Y, Ishii K, Tamaoka A, Nagasaki Y. Chronic treatment with a smart antioxidative nanoparticle for inhibition of amyloid plaque propagation in Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630497 PMCID: PMC5476667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess whether our newly developed redox nanoparticle (RNPN) that has antioxidant potential decreases Aβ levels or prevents Aβ aggregation associated with oxidative stress. The transgenic Tg2576 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice were used to investigate the effect of chronic ad libitum drinking of RNPN solution for 6 months, including memory and learning functions, antioxidant activity, and amyloid plaque aggregation. The results showed that RNPN-treated mice had significantly attenuated cognitive deficits of both spatial and non-spatial memories, reduced oxidative stress of lipid peroxide, and DNA oxidation. RNPN treatment increased the percent inhibition of superoxide anion and glutathione peroxidase activity, neuronal densities in the cortex and hippocampus, decreased Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42) and gamma (γ)-secretase levels, and reduced Aβ plaque observed using immunohistochemistry analysis and thioflavin S staining. Our results suggest that RNPN may be a promising candidate for AD therapy because of its antioxidant properties and reduction in Aβ aggregation, thereby suppressing its adverse side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharat Boonruamkaew
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, 39/1 Ratchadaphisek Road, Khwaeng Chantharakasem, Chatuchak Districk, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Long Binh Vong
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 702500, Vietnam
| | - Sho Sakaue
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tomidokoro
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan. .,Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan. .,Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Sciences (NIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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12
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Lian Q, Nie Y, Zhang X, Tan B, Cao H, Chen W, Gao W, Chen J, Liang Z, Lai H, Huang S, Xu Y, Jiang W, Huang P. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1681-1692. [PMID: 27588088 PMCID: PMC4998082 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPA) consists of catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate, which are strong antioxidants that are beneficial to health and may attenuate or prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effects of GSPA on pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell viability were determined using cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, whereas apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) were measured via flow cytometry analysis. The effect of GSPA administration on the behavior and memory of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS-1) double transgenic mice was assessed using a Morris water maze. APP Aβ peptides and tau hyperphosphorylation were examined by western blotting; whereas the expression levels of PS-1 were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with pathological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Congo red. Data from the in vitro experiments demonstrated that GSPA significantly alleviated Aβ25–35 cytotoxicity and LDH leakage ratio, inhibited apoptosis and increased Ψm. The findings from the in vivo experiments showed a significant enhancement in cognition and spatial memory ability, an improvement in the pathology of APP and tau protein and a decrease in PS-1 mRNA expression levels. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that GSPA may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD or may, at the very least, improve the quality of life of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwang Lian
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Nie
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- BannerBioNutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Chen
- BannerBioNutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Gao
- BannerBioNutraceuticals Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huangling Lai
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Siming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology Teaching and Research, College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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13
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Zhu Y, Sun X, Gong T, He Q, Zhang Z. Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects of 1,1′-(Biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)-bis(3-(dimethylamino)-propan-1-one) on Protecting PC12 Cells from Aβ-Induced Injury. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:428-35. [PMID: 24350730 DOI: 10.1021/mp400395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting
and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School
of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section
3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting
and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School
of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section
3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting
and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School
of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section
3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting
and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School
of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section
3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Drug Targeting
and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School
of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section
3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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14
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Chen DL, Zhang P, Lin L, Shuai O, Zhang HM, Liu SH, Wang JY. Protective effect of Bajijiasu against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:837-50. [PMID: 23812758 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a major protein component of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), is also directly neurotoxic. Mitigation of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is thus a possible therapeutic approach to delay or prevent onset and progression of AD. This study evaluated the protective effect of Bajijiasu (β- D-fructofuranosyl (2-2) β- D-fructofuranosyl), a dimeric fructose isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Morinda officinalis, on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Bajijiasu alone had no endogenous neurotoxicity up to 200 μM. Brief pretreatment with 10-40 μM Bajijiasu (2 h) significantly reversed the reduction in cell viability induced by subsequent 24 h exposure to Aβ25-35 (21 μM) as measured by MTT and LDH assays, and reduced Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis as indicated by reduced annexin V-EGFP staining. Bajijiasu also decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in PC12 cells, upregulated expression of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, prevented depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), and blocked Aβ25-35-induced increases in [Ca(2+)] i . Furthermore, Bajijiasu reversed Aβ25-35-induced changes in the expression levels of p21, CDK4, E2F1, Bax, NF-κB p65, and caspase-3. Bajijiasu is neuroprotective against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, likely by protecting against oxidative stress and ensuing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Ling Chen
- Southern Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yan SS, Chen D, Yan S, Guo L, Du H, Chen JX. RAGE is a key cellular target for Abeta-induced perturbation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22202057 DOI: 10.2741/265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAGE, a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that is often described as a pattern recognition receptor due to the structural heterogeneity of its ligand. RAGE is an important cellular cofactor for amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-mediated cellular perturbation relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of RAGE with Abeta in neurons, microglia, and vascular cells accelerates and amplifies deleterious effects on neuronal and synaptic function. RAGE-dependent signaling contributes to Abeta-mediated amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction observed in the AD mouse model. Blockade of RAGE significantly attenuates neuronal and synaptic injury. In this review, we summarize the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of AD, specifically in Abeta-induced cellular perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Physicians and Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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16
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Protective Effect of Isorhynchophylline Against β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Amadoro G, Corsetti V, Atlante A, Florenzano F, Capsoni S, Bussani R, Mercanti D, Calissano P. Interaction between NH(2)-tau fragment and Aβ in Alzheimer's disease mitochondria contributes to the synaptic deterioration. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:833.e1-25. [PMID: 21958963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide can promote tau pathology and its toxicity is concurrently tau-dependent, the underlying mechanisms of the in vivo interplay of these proteins remain unsolved. Structural and functional mitochondrial alterations play an early, precipitating role in synaptic failure of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and an aggravated mitochondrial impairment has been described in triple APP/PS/tau transgenic mice carrying both plaques and tangles, if compared with mice overexpressing tau or amyloid precursor protein (APP) alone. Here, we show that a neurotoxic aminoterminal (NH(2))-derived tau fragment mapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of the human tau40 isoform (441 amino acids)-but not the physiological full-length protein-preferentially interacts with Aβ peptide(s) in human AD synapses in association with mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator-1 (ANT-1) and cyclophilin D. The two peptides-Aβ 1-42 and the smaller and more potent NH(2)-26-44 peptide of the longest 20-22 kDa NH(2)-tau fragment-inhibit the ANT-1-dependent adenosine diphosphate-adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) exchange in a noncompetitive and competitive manner, respectively, and together further aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction by exacerbating the ANT-1 impairment. Taken together, these data establish a common, direct and synergistic toxicity of pathological APP and tau products on synaptic mitochondria and suggest potential, new pathway(s) and target(s) for a combined, more efficient therapeutic intervention of early synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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18
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Lai AY, McLaurin J. Mechanisms of amyloid-Beta Peptide uptake by neurons: the role of lipid rafts and lipid raft-associated proteins. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2011:548380. [PMID: 21197446 PMCID: PMC3010653 DOI: 10.4061/2011/548380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of extracellular plaques composed of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Thus, classically experiments were designed to examine Aβ toxicities within the central nervous system (CNS) from the extracellular space. However, a significant amount of evidence now suggests that intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ is neurotoxic and may play an important role in the disease progression of AD. One of the means by which neurons accumulate intracellular Aβ is through uptake of extracellular Aβ peptides, and this process may be a potential link between Aβ generation, synaptic dysfunction, and AD pathology. Recent studies have found that neuronal internalization of Aβ involves lipid rafts and various lipid raft-associated receptor proteins. Uptake mechanisms independent of lipid rafts have also been implicated. The aim of this paper is to summarize these findings and discuss their significance in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Lai
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H2
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19
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Jin H, Liu T, Wang WX, Xu JH, Yang PB, Lu HX, Sun QR, Hu HT. Protective effects of [Gly14]-Humanin on beta-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:417-23. [PMID: 19941922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is considered as an early event in AD pathology. Humanin (HN) and its derivative, [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG), are known for their ability to suppress neuronal death induced by AD-related insults in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of HNG on Abeta(25-35)-induced toxicity and its potential mechanisms in PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells to 25 microM Abeta(25-35) caused significant viability loss and cell apoptosis. In addition, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased cytochrome c releases from mitochondria were also observed after Abeta(25-35) exposure. All these effects induced by Abeta(25-35) were markedly reversed by HNG. Pretreatment with 100 nM HNG 6h prior to Abeta(25-35) exposure significantly elevated cell viability, reduced Abeta(25-35)-induced cell apoptosis, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and blocked cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Furthermore, HNG also ameliorated the Abeta(25-35)-induced Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction and decreased caspase-3 activity in PC12 cells. These results demonstrate that HNG could attenuate Abeta(25-35)-induced PC12 cell injury and apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, these data suggest that mitochondria are involved in the protective effect of HNG against Abeta(25-35).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, No 76 Yanta Xi Lu, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yang TT, Hsu CT, Kuo YM. Amyloid precursor protein, heat-shock proteins, and Bcl-2 form a complex in mitochondria and modulate mitochondria function and apoptosis in N2a cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:592-601. [PMID: 19622370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurons that degenerate in the brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease accumulate mitochondrial amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is thought to negatively affect mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. Because proteins that enter mitochondria require assistance from chaperone proteins, we hypothesized that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) help accumulate APP in mitochondria. We found that APP overexpression in N2a cells (APP cells) did not elicit mitochondrial dysfunction. Because cerebral hypoperfusion-associated energy deficiency is an important etiology for Alzheimer's disease, we also challenged the cells with serum starvation. APP/HSP/Bcl-2 complexes formed within the mitochondria of serum-starved APP cells, but not control cells. Mitochondria containing APP/HSP/Bcl-2 complexes induced apoptosis. We hypothesize that APP/HSP/Bcl-2 complexes diminish the functional capacities of HSPs and Bcl-2, which leads to mitochondrial injury and apoptosis.
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21
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García N, Zazueta C, Martínez-Abundis E, Pavón N, Chávez E. Cyclosporin A is unable to inhibit carboxyatractyloside-induced permeability transition in aged mitochondria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:374-81. [PMID: 18835371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of mitochondrial ageing on membrane permeability transition. The results obtained indicate that aged mitochondria are neither able to retain Ca2+ nor to maintain a high transmembrane electric gradient. In addition, aged mitochondria undergo a large amplitude swelling. These dysfunctions were circumvented by the addition of cyclosporin A. Furthermore, it is shown that ageing-induced permeability transition causes oxidative damage on the matrix enzyme aconitase. The observed damage in aged mitochondria requires Ca2+ addition; therefore, it was not seen when Sr2+ replaced Ca2+. Two important findings in this work were the fact that despite of the presence of cyclosporin A, carboxyatractyloside was still able to induce permeability transition, and that ageing induced mitochondrial DNA disruption and release of cytochrome c. It is likely that the membrane's increased permeability is due to the effect of fatty acids, since bovine serum albumin makes mitochondria able to retain Ca2+. However, the possibility that the damage might be the result of oxidative stress cannot be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F. 014080, México
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22
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Ulrich S, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Huber LC, Speich R, Voelkel N. Peripheral blood B lymphocytes derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension express a different RNA pattern compared with healthy controls: a cross sectional study. Respir Res 2008; 9:20. [PMID: 18269757 PMCID: PMC2262076 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a progressive and still incurable disease. Research of IPAH-pathogenesis is complicated by the lack of a direct access to the involved tissue, the human pulmonary vasculature. Various auto-antibodies have been described in the blood of patients with IPAH. The purpose of the present work was therefore to comparatively analyze peripheral blood B lymphocyte RNA expression characteristics in IPAH and healthy controls. METHODS Patients were diagnosed having IPAH according to WHO (mean pulmonary arterial pressure > or = 25 mmHg, pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure < or = 15 mmHg, absence of another explaining disease). Peripheral blood B-lymphocytes of patients and controls were immediately separated by density gradient centrifugation and magnetic beads for CD19. RNA was thereafter extracted and analyzed by the use of a high sensitivity gene chip (Affymetrix HG-U133-Plus2) able to analyze 47000 transcripts and variants of human genes. The array data were analyzed by two different softwares, and up-and down-regulations were defined as at least 1.3 fold with standard deviations smaller than fold-changes. RESULTS Highly purified B-cells of 5 patients with IPAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure 51 +/- 13 mmHg) and 5 controls were analyzed. Using the two different analyzing methods we found 225 respectively 128 transcripts which were up-regulated (1.3-30.7 fold) in IPAH compared with healthy controls. Combining both methods, there were 33 overlapping up-regulated transcripts and no down-regulated B-cell transcripts. CONCLUSION Patients with IPAH have a distinct RNA expression profile of their peripheral blood B-lymphocytes compared to healthy controls with some clearly up-regulated genes. Our finding suggests that in IPAH patients B cells are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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