1
|
Alt M, Wolf S, van de Sand L, Dittrich R, Tertel T, Brochhagen L, Dirks M, Aufderhorst UW, Thümmler L, Otte M, Rainer K, Dittmer U, Giebel B, Trilling M, Silke Heilingloh C, Lotfi R, Roggendorf M, Witzke O, Krawczyk A. Cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies constitute a correlate of protection against herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivations: A retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143870. [PMID: 37006290 PMCID: PMC10061111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHerpes simplex viruses (HSV) cause ubiquitous human infections. For vaccine development, knowledge concerning correlates of protection is essential. Therefore, we investigated (I) if humans are in principle capable producing cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies against HSV and (II) whether this capacity is associated with a reduced HSV-1 reactivation risk.MethodsWe established a high-throughput HSV-1-ΔgE-GFP reporter virus-based assay and evaluated 2,496 human plasma samples for HSV-1 glycoprotein E (gE) independent cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies. Subsequently, we conducted a retrospective survey among the blood donors to analyze the correlation between the presence of cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies in plasma and the frequency of HSV reactivations.ResultsIn total, 128 of the 2,496 blood donors (5.1%) exhibited high levels of HSV-1 gE independent cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies in the plasma. None of the 147 HSV-1 seronegative plasmas exhibited partial or complete cell-to-cell spread inhibition, demonstrating the specificity of our assay. Individuals with cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies showed a significantly lower frequency of HSV reactivations compared to subjects without sufficient levels of such antibodies.ConclusionThis study contains two important findings: (I) upon natural HSV infection, some humans produce cell-to-cell spread inhibiting antibodies and (II) such antibodies correlate with protection against recurrent HSV-1. Moreover, these elite neutralizers may provide promising material for immunoglobulin therapy and information for the design of a protective vaccine against HSV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Alt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wolf
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas van de Sand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Dittrich
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Brochhagen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Dirks
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wilhelm Aufderhorst
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Thümmler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona Otte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kordula Rainer
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Roggendorf
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Adalbert Krawczyk,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vermillion MS, Klein SL. Pregnancy and infection: using disease pathogenesis to inform vaccine strategy. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29423318 PMCID: PMC5794984 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the mainstay of preventative medicine for many infectious diseases. Pregnant women, unborn fetuses, and neonates represent three at-risk populations that can be simultaneously protected by strategic vaccination protocols. Because the pathogenesis of different infectious microbes varies based on tissue tropism, timing of infection, and host susceptibility, the goals of immunization are not uniform across all vaccines. Mechanistic understanding of infectious disease pathogenesis and immune responses is therefore essential to inform vaccine design and the implementation of appropriate immunization protocols that optimize protection of pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S. Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richards AL, Sollars PJ, Pitts JD, Stults AM, Heldwein EE, Pickard GE, Smith GA. The pUL37 tegument protein guides alpha-herpesvirus retrograde axonal transport to promote neuroinvasion. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006741. [PMID: 29216315 PMCID: PMC5749899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark property of the neurotropic alpha-herpesvirinae is the dissemination of infection to sensory and autonomic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system following an initial exposure at mucosal surfaces. The peripheral ganglia serve as the latent virus reservoir and the source of recurrent infections such as cold sores (herpes simplex virus type I) and shingles (varicella zoster virus). However, the means by which these viruses routinely invade the nervous system is not fully understood. We report that an internal virion component, the pUL37 tegument protein, has a surface region that is an essential neuroinvasion effector. Mutation of this region rendered herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) incapable of spreading by retrograde axonal transport to peripheral ganglia both in culture and animals. By monitoring the axonal transport of individual viral particles by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, the mutant viruses were determined to lack the characteristic sustained intracellular capsid motion along microtubules that normally traffics capsids to the neural soma. Consistent with the axonal transport deficit, the mutant viruses did not reach sites of latency in peripheral ganglia, and were avirulent. Despite this, viral propagation in peripheral tissues and in cultured epithelial cell lines remained robust. Selective elimination of retrograde delivery to the nervous system has long been sought after as a means to develop vaccines against these ubiquitous, and sometimes devastating viruses. In support of this potential, we find that HSV-1 and PRV mutated in the effector region of pUL37 evoked effective vaccination against subsequent nervous system challenges and encephalitic disease. These findings demonstrate that retrograde axonal transport of the herpesviruses occurs by a virus-directed mechanism that operates by coordinating opposing microtubule motors to favor sustained retrograde delivery of the virus to the peripheral ganglia. The ability to selectively eliminate the retrograde axonal transport mechanism from these viruses will be useful in trans-synaptic mapping studies of the mammalian nervous system, and affords a new vaccination paradigm for human and veterinary neurotropic herpesviruses.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Axonal Transport/genetics
- Axonal Transport/physiology
- Axons/virology
- Ganglia/virology
- Genes, Viral
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/physiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Neurons/virology
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Viral Structural Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Structural Proteins/physiology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Virulence/genetics
- Virulence/physiology
- Virus Release/genetics
- Virus Release/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexsia L. Richards
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sollars
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jared D. Pitts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Austin M. Stults
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina E. Heldwein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Pickard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Gregory A. Smith
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maternal Antiviral Immunoglobulin Accumulates in Neural Tissue of Neonates To Prevent HSV Neurological Disease. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00678-17. [PMID: 28679745 PMCID: PMC5573671 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00678-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody responses to neurovirulent pathogens are critical for clearance, the extent to which antibodies access the nervous system to ameliorate infection is poorly understood. In this study on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), we demonstrate that HSV-specific antibodies are present during HSV-1 latency in the nervous systems of both mice and humans. We show that antibody-secreting cells entered the trigeminal ganglion (TG), a key site of HSV infection, and persisted long after the establishment of latent infection. We also demonstrate the ability of passively administered IgG to enter the TG independently of infection, showing that the naive TG is accessible to antibodies. The translational implication of this finding is that human fetal neural tissue could contain HSV-specific maternally derived antibodies. Exploring this possibility, we observed HSV-specific IgG in HSV DNA-negative human fetal TG, suggesting passive transfer of maternal immunity into the prenatal nervous system. To further investigate the role of maternal antibodies in the neonatal nervous system, we established a murine model to demonstrate that maternal IgG can access and persist in neonatal TG. This maternal antibody not only prevented disseminated infection but also completely protected the neonate from neurological disease and death following HSV challenge. Maternal antibodies therefore have a potent protective role in the neonatal nervous system against HSV infection. These findings strongly support the concept that prevention of prenatal and neonatal neurotropic infections can be achieved through maternal immunization. Herpes simplex virus 1 is a common infection of the nervous system that causes devastating neonatal disease. Using mouse and human tissue, we discovered that antiviral antibodies accumulate in neural tissue after HSV-1 infection in adults. Similarly, these antibodies pass to the offspring during pregnancy. We found that antiviral maternal antibodies can readily access neural tissue of the fetus and neonate. These maternal antibodies then protect neonatal mice against HSV-1 neurological infection and death. These results underscore the previously unappreciated role of maternal antibodies in protecting fetal and newborn nervous systems against infection. These data suggest that maternal immunization would be efficacious at preventing fetal/neonatal neurological infections.
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi JH, Schafer SC, Freiberg AN, Croyle MA. Bolstering Components of the Immune Response Compromised by Prior Exposure to Adenovirus: Guided Formulation Development for a Nasal Ebola Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2697-711. [PMID: 25549696 PMCID: PMC4525322 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
severity and longevity of the current Ebola outbreak highlight
the need for a fast-acting yet long-lasting vaccine for at-risk populations
(medical personnel and rural villagers) where repeated prime-boost
regimens are not feasible. While recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based
vaccines have conferred full protection against multiple strains of
Ebola after a single immunization, their efficacy is impaired by pre-existing
immunity (PEI) to adenovirus. To address this important issue, a panel
of formulations was evaluated by an in vitro assay
for their ability to protect rAd from neutralization. An amphiphilic
polymer (F16, FW ∼39,000) significantly improved transgene
expression in the presence of anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies (NAB)
at concentrations of 5 times the 50% neutralizing dose (ND50). In vivo performance of rAd in F16 was compared
with unformulated virus, virus modified with poly(ethylene) glycol
(PEG), and virus incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) polymeric beads. Histochemical analysis of
lung tissue revealed that F16 promoted strong levels of transgene
expression in naive mice and those that were exposed to adenovirus
in the nasal cavity 28 days prior to immunization. Multiparameter
flow cytometry revealed that F16 induced significantly more polyfunctional
antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously producing
IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α than other test formulations. These
effects were not compromised by PEI. Data from formulations that provided
partial protection from challenge consistently identified specific
immunological requirements necessary for protection. This approach
may be useful for development of formulations for other vaccine platforms
that also employ ubiquitous pathogens as carriers like the influenza
virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephen C Schafer
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- ‡Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,§Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|