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Natural modulators of the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:55-70. [PMID: 30615863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds act as immunoadjuvants as their therapeutic effects trigger cancer stress response and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These reactions occur through an increase in the immunogenicity of cancer cells that undergo stress followed by immunogenic cell death (ICD). These processes result in a chemotherapeutic response with a potent immune-mediating reaction. Natural compounds that induce ICD may function as an interesting approach in converting cancer into its own vaccine. However, multiple parameters determine whether a compound can act as an ICD inducer, including the nature of the inducer, the premortem stress pathways, the cell death pathways, the intrinsic antigenicity of the cell, and the potency and availability of an immune cell response. Thus, the identification of hallmarks of ICD is important in determining the prognostic biomarkers for new therapeutic approaches and combination treatments.
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Zafar S, Parviainen S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Vassilev L, Wang H, Lieber A, Hemmi S, de Gruijl T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Intravenously usable fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus coding for CD40L as an enabler of dendritic cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1265717. [PMID: 28344872 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1265717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells in the body, is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. However, tumors induce immunosuppression in their microenvironment that suppresses and impairs the function of DCs. Therefore, human clinical trials with DC therapy have often been disappointing. To improve the therapeutic efficacy and to overcome the major obstacles of DC therapy, we generated a novel adenovirus, Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L, which is fully serotype 3 and expresses hCD40L for induction of antitumor immune response. The specific aim is to enhance DCs function. Data from a human cancer patient indicated that this capsid allows effective transduction of distant tumors through the intravenous route. Moreover, patient data suggested that virally produced hCD40L can activate DCs in situ. The virus was efficient in vitro and had potent antitumor activity in vivo. In a syngeneic model, tumors treated with Ad5/3-CMV-mCD40L virus plus DCs elicited greater antitumor effect as compared with either treatment alone. Moreover, virally coded CD40L induced activation of DCs, which in turn, lead to the induction of a Th1 immune response and increased tumor-specific T cells. In conclusion, Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L is promising for translation into human trials. In particular, this virus could enable successful dendritic cell therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Vassilev
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andre Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Kang N, Liu Y, Shan W, Bi S, Ren L, Zhuang G. Construction and Immunological Evaluation of CpG-Au@HBc Virus-Like Nanoparticles as a Potential Vaccine. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:338. [PMID: 27435343 PMCID: PMC4951386 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Different types of vaccines have been developed to elicit active immunization to treat various diseases, while suffer from limitation of efficacy. Herein, a novel immunostimulatory nanocomposite (CpG-Au@HBc VLP) was rationally designed by self-assembling engineered virus-like particles encapsulating CpG-gold nanoparticle conjugates through electrostatic interactions. The monodispersed and uniformly sized CpG-Au@HBc VLP showed increased CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell numbers and stronger secretion of cytokine interferon-gamma than HBc VLPs adjuvanted with conventional Freund's adjuvant. Furthermore, the use of Au nanoparticles also generated enhanced immunogenicity of CpG and VLPs on both humoral and cellular immune pathways, as followed from increased expressions of total HBc-specific antibody titer, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, cytokine interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma. These findings demonstrated that CpG-Au@HBc VLP nanocomposite could induce robust cellular and humoral immune response, which could be a potential vaccine for future prophylactic and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarun Wang
- />Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- />Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- />Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- />Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- />Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengli Bi
- />National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Road 155, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- />Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
- />Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- />Organ Transplantation Institute, Anti-Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
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Amin M, Lockhart AC. The potential role of immunotherapy to treat colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:329-44. [PMID: 25519074 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.985376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and anti-angiogenic therapies form the backbone of treatment for CRC in various stages. Immunotherapy is frequently used either alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers such as melanoma, prostate cancer and renal cell cancer. Current CRC research is moving forward to discover ways to incorporate immunotherapies into the treatment of CRC. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to summarize the potential role of immunotherapy in CRC. Herein, the authors provide a brief overview of immune modulatory cells, immune surveillance and escape in CRC. They also review vaccine trials in addition to cytokines and monoclonal antibodies. This coverage includes ongoing trials and checkpoint inhibitors such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-1, programmed cell death-1, and PDL1. EXPERT OPINION Checkpoint inhibitors in combination with either chemotherapy or chemo-antiangiogenic-therapy may represent a future therapeutic approach for CRC incorporating immune system targeting. Given the success of immune-based therapy in other tumor types, the authors anticipate that a similar breakthrough in CRC will be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Amin
- Washington University, Siteman Cancer Center , 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8056, St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA
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Choi IK, Yun CO. Recent developments in oncolytic adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic agents for use against metastatic cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:70-6. [PMID: 23306610 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent or metastatic cancer in most cases remains an incurable disease, and thus alternative treatment strategies, such as oncolytic virotherapy, are of great interest for clinical application. Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have many advantages as virotherapeutic agents and have been safely employed in the clinics. However, the efficacy of oncolytic Ads is insufficient to eradicate tumors and current clinical applications are restricted to local administration against primary tumors because of immunological obstacles and poor tumor-cell targeting. Thus, alternative viable approaches are needed to establish therapies based on oncolytic Ad that will eliminate both primary and metastatic cancers. To this end, rational design of oncolytic Ads that express immunostimulatory genes has been employed. Even when restricted to local viral delivery, these oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics have been shown to exert systemic antitumor immunity and result in eradication of both primary and metastatic cancers. Moreover, oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics in combination with either dendritic cell-based vaccine or radiotherapy further strengthen the systemic tumor-specific immunity, resulting in complete suppression of both local and distant tumor metastatic growth. This review will focus on the most recent updates in strategies to develop potent oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics for use in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-K Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Synergistical toll-like receptors activated dendritic cells induce antitumor effects against carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:25-33. [PMID: 22777000 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine represents a promising immunotherapy against cancer. There has been recent evidence which have suggested that toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands may be critical for DC preparation; this was usually omitted in the past. Our study is designed to investigate if the vaccination of synergistical toll-like receptors activated DCs can induce more potent cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) responses and antitumor activity in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) transgenic mouse tumor models. METHODS We involved combination of TLR3 and TLR7/8 ligands in culture protocol of DCs. The DCs' surface molecules expression, IL-12 secretion and proliferation capacity of lymphocytes were tested. We also investigate the CTL activity against MC38-CEA colon tumor cells and the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of DC vaccination in subcutaneous mouse colon tumor models. RESULTS Compared with conventionally generated DCs, we showed synergistic TLR-activated DCs exhibited higher surface molecule expression, significantly higher secretion of IL-12 and more potent proliferating capacity of lymphocytes. Synergistic TLR-activated DCs were also able to induce lymphocytes possessing the specific cytotoxicity against MC38-CEA cells in vitro. Vaccination with CEA epitope pulsed TLR-activated DCs elicited antigen-specific preventive effect on MC38-CEA tumors, but failed to cure the tumor-bearing mice, that may be due to the suboptimal epitope selected and host immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS Our results have proved that combined activation of TLRs can lead to better maturation status of DCs and also induce more effective antitumor immune responses against colon cancer, suggesting this may be a potential strategy to develop more powerful DC cancer vaccines.
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Optimizing DC vaccination by combination with oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1558-68. [PMID: 21468000 PMCID: PMC3149171 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical trials have indicated that immunosuppressive microenvironments induced by tumors profoundly suppress antitumor immunity and inhibit vaccine efficacy, resulting in insufficient reduction of tumor burdens. To overcome these obstacles and enhance the efficiency of DC vaccination, we generated interleukin (IL)-12- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-coexpressing oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF) as suitable therapeutic adjuvant to eliminate immune suppression and promote DC function. By treating tumors with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF prior to DC vaccination, DCs elicited greater antitumor effects than in response to either treatment alone. DC migration to draining lymph nodes (DLNs) dramatically increased in mice treated with the combination therapy. This result was associated with upregulation of CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21+) lymphatics in tumors treated with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. Moreover, the proportion of CD4+CD25+ T-cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was decreased in mice treated with the combination therapy. Furthermore, combination therapy using immature DCs also showed effective antitumor effects when combined with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. The combination therapy had a remarkable therapeutic efficacy on large tumors. Taken together, oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF in combination with DC vaccination has synergistic antitumor effects and can act as a potent adjuvant for promoting and optimizing DC vaccination.
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Dendritic cells (DCs) can be successfully generated from leukemic blasts in individual patients with AML or MDS: an evaluation of different methods. J Immunother 2010; 33:185-99. [PMID: 20139775 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181b8f4ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-leukemic cells (AML, MDS, CML) can be differentiated to leukemia-derived dendritic cell [DC (DCleu)] potentially presenting the whole leukemic antigen repertoire without knowledge of distinct leukemia antigens and are regarded as promising candidates for a vaccination strategy. We studied the capability of 6 serum-free DC culture methods, chosen according to different mechanisms, to induce DC differentiation in 137 cases of AML and 52 cases of MDS. DC-stimulating substances were cytokines ("standard-medium", "MCM-Mimic", "cytokine-method"), bacterial lysates ("Picibanil"), double-stranded RNA ["Poly (I:C)"] or a cytokine bypass method ("Ca-ionophore"). The quality/quantity of DC generated was estimated by flow cytometry studying (co) expressions of "DC"antigens, costimulatory, maturation, and blast-antigens. Comparing these methods on average 15% to 32% DC, depending on methods used, could be obtained from blast-containing mononuclear cells (MNC) in AML/MDS cases with a DC viability of more than 60%. In all, 39% to 64% of these DC were mature; 31% to 52% of leukemic blasts could be converted to DCleu and DCleu-proportions in the suspension were 2% to 70% (13%). Average results of all culture methods tested were comparable, however not every given case of AML could be differentiated to DC with 1 selected method. However performing a pre-analysis with 3 DC-generating methods (MCM-Mimic, Picibanil, Ca-ionophore) we could generate DC in any given case. Functional analyses provided proof, that DC primed T cells to antileukemia-directed cytotoxic cells, although an anti-leukemic reaction was not achieved in every case. In summary our data show that a successful, quantitative DC/DCleu generation is possible with the best of 3 previously tested methods in any given case. Reasons for different functional behaviors of DC-primed T cells must be evaluated to design a practicable DC-based vaccination strategy.
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Therapeutic and tumor-specific immunity induced by combination of dendritic cells and oncolytic adenovirus expressing IL-12 and 4-1BBL. Mol Ther 2009; 18:264-74. [PMID: 19738604 PMCID: PMC2839296 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, gene-based cytokine treatment has been actively pursued as a new promising approach in treating cancer. In an effort to augment the efficiency of antitumor effect by cytokine-mediated immunotherapy, we selected both interleukin (IL)-12 and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) as suitable cytokines to fully activate the type-1 immune response. Coexpression of IL-12 and 4-1BBL mediated by oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) greatly enhanced the antitumor effect. Further, synergistic enhancement in interferon (IFN)-gamma levels were seen in mice treated with oncolytic Ad expressing both IL-12 and 4-1BBL. Next, to improve the overall antitumor immune response, we coadministered IL-12- and 4-1BBL-coexpressing oncolytic Ad with dendritic cells (DCs). Combination treatment of IL-12- and 4-1BBL-coexpressing oncolytic Ad and DCs elicited greater antitumor and antimetastatic effects than either treatment alone. Moreover, enhanced type-1 antitumor immune response and higher migratory abilities of DCs in tumors were also observed in the combination arms. The nature of the enhanced antitumor immune response seems to be mediated through the enhanced cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and IFN-gamma-releasing immune cells. Taken together, these data highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of combining IL-12- and 4-1BBL-coexpressing oncolytic Ad with DCs and warrants further evaluation in the clinic.
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Wurzenberger C, Koelzer VH, Schreiber S, Anz D, Vollmar AM, Schnurr M, Endres S, Bourquin C. Short-term activation induces multifunctional dendritic cells that generate potent antitumor T-cell responses in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:901-13. [PMID: 18953536 PMCID: PMC11030704 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy to induce antitumoral cytotoxic T cells for the immunotherapy of cancer. The maturation state of DC is of critical importance for the success of vaccination, but the most effective mode of maturation is still a matter of debate. Whereas immature DC carry the risk of inducing tolerance, extensive stimulation of DC may lead to DC unresponsiveness and exhaustion. In this study, we investigated how short-term versus long-term DC activation with a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist influences DC phenotype and function. Murine DC were generated in the presence of the hematopoietic factor Flt3L (FL-DC) to obtain both myeloid and plasmacytoid DC subsets. Short activation of FL-DC for as little as 4 h induced fully functional DC that rapidly secreted IL-12p70 and IFN-alpha, expressed high levels of costimulatory and MHC molecules and efficiently presented antigen to CD4 and CD8 T cells. Furthermore, short-term activated FL-DC overcame immune suppression by regulatory T cells and acquired high migratory potential toward the chemokine CCL21 necessary for DC recruitment to lymph nodes. In addition, vaccination with short-term activated DC induced a strong cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo and led to the eradication of tumors. Thus, short-term activation of DC generates fully functional DC for tumor immunotherapy. These results may guide the design of new protocols for DC generation in order to develop more efficient DC-based tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wurzenberger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor H. Koelzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Schreiber
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Anz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Schnurr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Bagheri K, Delirezh N, Moazzeni SM. PPD Extract Induces the Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:91-104. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970701812654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dendritic cells based immunotherapy of patient with chondrosarcoma--case report. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2008; 46:165-70. [PMID: 18519233 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of patient with intracranial chondrosarcoma and attempt to use vaccination of dendritic cells as the salvage therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of DCs vaccination in the head and neck chondrosarcoma. Immunotherapy with allogeneic DCs stimulated with tumor cell lysates in this case was demonstrated to be feasible, safe and well tolerated. Unfortunately we did not observe any clinical or immune response during vaccination. CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory cells could be responsible for ineffectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Golden JM, LaCasse CJ, Simova DV, Murphy TR, Kurt RA. Differential mediator production by dendritic cells upon toll-like receptor stimulation does not impact T cell cytokine expression. Immunol Lett 2008; 118:30-5. [PMID: 18403024 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are key components of successful immunological responses bridging innate and adaptive defenses. In this study we wanted to know whether ligation of toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed by dendritic cells would induce differential proinflammatory mediator expression and whether these dendritic cells would differentially impact T cell function. For this purpose bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from OTII mice were used. The dendritic cells showed detectable levels of TLR1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, with TLR2 and TLR4 expressed at the highest levels. To determine whether TLR ligation differentially influenced proinflammatory mediator expression the dendritic cells were stimulated with peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for TLR2 or TLR4, respectively. Comparisons were made to dendritic cells exposed to TNF-alpha or saline as controls. Whereas, both LPS and PGN were equally effective at inducing CXCL1 and TNF-alpha expression from the dendritic cells, LPS was unique at inducing CCL2 expression, and PGN was unique at inducing IL-1beta expression. Despite these differences, LPS and PGN treated dendritic cells were equally effective at eliciting IFN-gamma expression from T cells in an antigen-specific manner. These data indicate that ligation of TLR by components of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria differentially influence dendritic cell proinflammatory mediator expression, and that differential mediator production by dendritic cells upon TLR stimulation does not impact T cell cytokine production.
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Gout S, Huot J. Role of cancer microenvironment in metastasis: focus on colon cancer. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2008; 1:69-83. [PMID: 19308686 PMCID: PMC2654352 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-008-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One person on three will receive a diagnostic of cancer during his life. About one third of them will die of the disease. In most cases, death will result from the formation of distal secondary sites called metastases. Several events that lead to cancer are under genetic control. In particular, cancer initiation is tightly associated with specific mutations that affect proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. These mutations lead to unrestrained growth of the primary neoplasm and a propensity to detach and to progress through the subsequent steps of metastatic dissemination. This process depends tightly on the surrounding microenvironment. In fact, several studies support the point that tumour development relies on a continuous cross-talk between cancer cells and their cellular and extracellular microenvironments. This signaling cross-talk is mediated by transmembrane receptors expressed on cancer cells and stromal cells. The aim of this manuscript is to review how the cancer microenvironment influences the journey of a metastatic cell taking liver invasion by colorectal cancer cells as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Gout
- Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 rue McMahon, Quebec, Canada
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